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[[Image:Guru Granth Sahib By Bhai Pratap Singh Giani.jpg|290px|thumb|A page from the bir of Guru Granth Sahib handwritten by [[Pratap Singh Giani]], located on the first floor of Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar.|right]] | [[Image:Guru Granth Sahib By Bhai Pratap Singh Giani.jpg|290px|thumb|A page from the bir of Guru Granth Sahib handwritten by [[Pratap Singh Giani]], located on the first floor of Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar.|right]] | ||
The [[Guru Granth Sahib]] begins with the word "[[Ek Onkar]]" – ''The All Pervading Being''. From this Word to the tenth Word “Gur-parshad” is called the [[Mool Mantra]]. After this is the rest of the composition called the | The [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Ji begins with the word "[[Ek Onkar]]" – ''The All Pervading Being''. From this Word to the tenth Word “Gur-parshad” is called the [[Mool Mantra]]. After this is the rest of the composition called the [[Japji]] Saahib composed by [[Guru Nanak Dev]] Ji. The Japji Saahib consists of 38 [[Pauri]]s or stanzas, a prologue, and an epilogue. This is one of the morning prayers of the Sikhs. | ||
The next composition has two parts - (1) "[[So Dar]]" and (2) "[[So Purkh]]". The [[Bani]], | The next composition has two parts - (1) "[[So Dar]]" and (2) "[[So Purkh]]". The [[Bani]], "So Dar", contains 5 [[Shabad]]s and "So Purkh" contains 4 [[Shabad]]s. This forms most of the evening prayer of the Sikhs and is called the [[Rehras]] Saahib. After this is the [[Bani]] called [[Sohila]] (full name, [[Kirtan Sohila]]), which contains 5 [[Shabad]]s and is the bed-time prayer. | ||
The scripture contains compositions by: | The scripture contains compositions by: | ||
* '''6 [[Sikh Guru]]s:''' [[Guru Nanak]], [[Guru Angad]], [[Guru Amar Das]], [[Guru Ram Das]], [[Guru Arjan]] and [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] (the first five Gurus and the ninth Guru) | * '''6 [[Sikh Guru]]s:''' [[Guru Nanak]] Dev Ji , [[Guru Angad]] Dev Ji, [[Guru Amar Das]] Ji, [[Guru Ram Das]] Ji, [[Guru Arjan]] Dev Ji, and [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] Ji (the first five Gurus and the ninth Guru). | ||
* '''Seventeen saints/[[Bhagat]]s:''' ([[Kabir]], [[Farid]], | * '''Seventeen saints/[[Bhagat]]s:''' ([[Kabir]] Ji, [[Farid]] Ji, [Namdev]] Ji , [[Ravidas]] Ji, [[Beni]] Ji, [[Trilochan]] Ji, [[Jaidev]] Ji, [[Surdas]] Ji, [[Parmanand]] Ji, [[Sadhana]] Ji, [[Ramanand]] Ji, [[Dhanna]] Ji, [[Pipa]] Ji, [[Sain]] Ji, [[Bhikhan]] Ji, [[Surday]] Ji, and [[Mardana]] Ji. | ||
* '''Poets Balwand & Sata and eleven [[Bhatt]]s:''' or poets of the Sikh Gurus ([[Bhatt Balh]], [[Bhatt Bhalh]], [[Bhatt Bhika]], [[Bhatt Gayand]], [[Bhatt Harbans]], [[Bhatt Jalap]], [[Bhatt Kalshar]], [[Bhatt Kirat]], [[Bhatt Mathura]], [[Bhatt Nalh]], [[Bhatt Salh]]) | * '''Poets Balwand & Sata and eleven [[Bhatt]]s:''' or poets of the Sikh Gurus ([[Bhatt Balh]], [[Bhatt Bhalh]], [[Bhatt Bhika]], [[Bhatt Gayand]], [[Bhatt Harbans]], [[Bhatt Jalap]], [[Bhatt Kalshar]], [[Bhatt Kirat]], [[Bhatt Mathura]], [[Bhatt Nalh]], and [[Bhatt Salh]]) | ||
The [[Guru Granth Sahib]] contains | The [[Guru Granth Sahib]] contains 5877 hymns or [[Shabad]]s/[[Slok]]s. Of these, | ||
{| style="width:100%; background:#efefef; " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | {| style="width:100%; background:#efefef; " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | ||
| | | | ||
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| ||c. ||[[Slok]] ||8 | | ||c. ||[[Slok]] ||8 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2. || ||[[Rehras]] ||8 to 12 | |2. || ||Part of [[Rehras]] ||8 to 12 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ||a. ||[[So Dar]] ||8 to 10 | | ||a. ||[[So Dar]] ||8 to 10 | ||
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==Raga section== | ==Raga section== | ||
Within it's 1430 pages, most of the [[Shabad]]s (hymns) of the [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib]] are arranged in these thirty-one [[Raga]]s, the traditional [[India]]n musical measures and scales. Within the [[Raga]]s, they are arranged by order of the [[Sikh Gurus]], with the [[shabad]]s of the [[Hindu]] and [[Muslim]] saints. The shabads are written in various meters and rhythms, and are organized accordingly. For instance, [[Ashtapadi]] - eight steps, or Panch-padi - five steps. The [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib]] is written in [[Gurmukhi]] script, but the shabads were written in many different languages including [[Punjabi]], [[Sanskrit]] and Persian. | Within it's 1430 pages, most of the [[Shabad]]s (hymns) of the [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib]] are arranged in these thirty-one [[Raga]]s, the traditional [[India]]n musical measures and scales. Within the [[Raga]]s, they are arranged by order of the [[Sikh Gurus]], with the [[shabad]]s of the [[Hindu]] and [[Muslim]] saints. The shabads are written in various meters and rhythms, and are organized accordingly. For instance, [[Ashtapadi]] - eight steps, or Panch-padi - five steps. The [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib]] is written in [[Gurmukhi]] script, but the shabads were written in many different languages including [[Punjabi]], [[Sanskrit]] and Persian. | ||
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A raga is a reflection of a person's mood or emotional inclination and this is basically expressed musically by a set of rules to build a melody. This human emotion is reflected in music by specifying a scale, as well as rules for movements up and down the scale. Also, which notes should figure more and which notes should be used more sparingly; which notes take which ornamentation, which notes must be bent, which notes may be bent, phrases to be used, phrases to be avoided, and so on. The result is a framework that can be used to compose or improvise melodies in, so that melodies in a certain raga will always be recognisable yet allowing endless variation. | A raga is a reflection of a person's mood or emotional inclination and this is basically expressed musically by a set of rules to build a melody. This human emotion is reflected in music by specifying a scale, as well as rules for movements up and down the scale. Also, which notes should figure more and which notes should be used more sparingly; which notes take which ornamentation, which notes must be bent, which notes may be bent, phrases to be used, phrases to be avoided, and so on. The result is a framework that can be used to compose or improvise melodies in, so that melodies in a certain raga will always be recognisable yet allowing endless variation. | ||
==60 Ragas mentioned in the Guru Granth Sahib== | |||
Following is the list of all sixty Raags under which Gurbani is written, in order of appearance with page numbers. | |||
{| style="width:100%; background:#efefef; " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | {| style="width:100%; background:#efefef; " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | ||
| | | | ||
* | *1. Asa {{SGGSF|8|386}} | ||
* | *2. Gujari {{SGGSF|10|448}} | ||
* | *3. Gauri Deepaki {{SGGSF|12|534}} | ||
* | *4. Dhanasri {{SGGSF|13|554}} | ||
* | *5. Gauri Poorabi {{SGGSF|13|568}} | ||
* | *6. Siri {{SGGSF|14|591}} | ||
* | *7. Majh {{SGGSF|94|3751}} | ||
* | *8. Gauri Guarairee {{SGGSF|151|6268}} | ||
*9. Gauri {{SGGSF|151|6284}} | |||
*10. Gauri Dakhani {{SGGSF|152|6331}} | |||
*11. Gauri Chaitee {{SGGSF|154|6471}} | |||
*12. Gauri Bairagan {{SGGSF|156|6545}} | |||
| | | | ||
* | *13. Gauri Poorabi Deepaki {{SGGSF|157|6567}} | ||
* | *14. Gauri Majh {{SGGSF|172|7213}} | ||
* | *15. Gauri Malva {{SGGSF|214|9247}} | ||
* | *16. Gauri Mala {{SGGSF|214|9258}} | ||
* | *17. Gauri Sorath {{SGGSF|330|15163}} | ||
* | *18. Asa Kafi {{SGGSF|365|16755}} | ||
* | *19. Asavari {{SGGSF|369|16934}} | ||
* | *20. Asa Asavari {{SGGSF|409|18757}} | ||
| | *21. Devgandhari {{SGGSF|527|23562}} | ||
* | *22. Bihagra {{SGGSF|537|23906}} | ||
* | *23. Vadhans {{SGGSF|557|24616}} | ||
* | *24. Vadhans Dakhani {{SGGSF|580|25488}} | ||
* | | | ||
* | *25. Sorath {{SGGSF|595|26040}} | ||
* | *26. Jaitsri {{SGGSF|696|30096}} | ||
* | *27. Todi {{SGGSF|711|30687}} | ||
* | *28. Bairarri {{SGGSF|719|30968}} | ||
*29. Tilang {{SGGSF|721|31019}} | |||
*30. Tilang Kafi {{SGGSF|726|31238}} | |||
*31. Suhee {{SGGSF|728|31295}} | |||
*32. Suhee Kafi {{SGGSF|751|32304}} | |||
*33. Suhee Lalit {{SGGSF|793|33859}} | |||
*34. Bilaval {{SGGSF|795|33952}} | |||
*35. Bilaval Dakhani {{SGGSF|843|35970}} | |||
*36. Gound {{SGGSF|859|36565}} | |||
| | |||
*37. Bilaval Gound {{SGGSF|874|448}} | |||
*38. Ramkali {{SGGSF|876|448}} | |||
*39. Ramkali Dakhani {{SGGSF|907|448}} | |||
*40. Nut Narayan {{SGGSF|975|448}} | |||
*41. Nut {{SGGSF|975|448}} | |||
*42. Mali Gaura {{SGGSF|984|448}} | |||
*43. Maru {{SGGSF|989|448}} | |||
*44. Maru Kafi {{SGGSF|1014|448}} | |||
*45. Maru Dakhani {{SGGSF|1033|448}} | |||
*46. Tukhari {{SGGSF|1107|448}} | |||
*47. Kedara {{SGGSF|1118|448}} | |||
*48. Bhairo {{SGGSF|1125|448}} | |||
| | | | ||
* | *49. Basant -{{SGGSF|1168|448}} | ||
* | *50. Basant Hindol {{SGGSF|1170|448}} | ||
* | *51. Sarang {{SGGSF|1197|448}} | ||
* | *52. Malar {{SGGSF|1254|448}} | ||
* | *53. Kanra {{SGGSF|1294|448}} | ||
* | *54. Kaliyan {{SGGSF|1319|448}} | ||
* | *55. Kaliyan Bhopali {{SGGSF|1321|448}} | ||
|} | *56. Parbhati Bibhas {{SGGSF|1327|448}} | ||
*57. Parbhati {{SGGSF|1327|448}} | |||
*58. Parbhati Dakhani {{SGGSF|1344|448}} | |||
*59. Bibhas Parbhati {{SGGSF|1347|448}} | |||
*60. Jaijavanti {{SGGSF|1352|448}} | |||
===The Sequence of Compositions with the Raags=== | ===The Sequence of Compositions with the Raags=== | ||
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'''[[Shabad]]s''', followed by '''[[Astpadi]]s''', follwed by '''[[Chhant]]s''', followed by Compositions of the '''[[Bhagat]]s'''. | '''[[Shabad]]s''', followed by '''[[Astpadi]]s''', follwed by '''[[Chhant]]s''', followed by Compositions of the '''[[Bhagat]]s'''. | ||
Each section of Shabads, Astpadis, Chhants are arranged in the order of the Gurus. Surprisingly, there are no Shabads by [[Guru | Each section of Shabads, Astpadis, Chhants are arranged in the order of the Gurus. Surprisingly, there are no Shabads by [[Guru Angad Dev Ji]] - He only wrote [[Slok]]s. Each section of Shabads in each Raag is follwed by Astpadi again in order of the Gurus. There is no Astpadi written by [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]. After the Astpadi section are Chhants in the same chronological order of the Gurus. | ||
{|style="width:80%; background:#efefef; " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | {|style="width:80%; background:#efefef; " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | ||
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===Details of Vars in order of | ===Details of Vars in order of Raags=== | ||
The following is the breakdown of the number of Varan in the Raags: | The following is the breakdown of the number of Varan in the Raags: | ||
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Except for Satta and Baiwand’s Var in Rag Ramkali and the Var in Basant Rag of Guru Arjan Dev, in all the remaining Varaa, Sloks of first five Gurus have been attached to the Pauris of the Vars. The details of Pauris and Sloks of these Vars are given below:- | Except for Satta and Baiwand’s Var in Rag Ramkali and the Var in Basant Rag of Guru Arjan Dev, in all the remaining Varaa, Sloks of first five Gurus have been attached to the Pauris of the Vars. The details of Pauris and Sloks of these Vars are given below:- | ||
'''Details of Pauris of 21:''' | |||
*Guru Nanak Dev 78 Pauris (stanzas) | *Guru Nanak Dev 78 Pauris (stanzas) | ||
*Guru Amar Das 85 Pauris | *Guru Amar Das 85 Pauris | ||
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*Guru Ram Das 183 Pauris | *Guru Ram Das 183 Pauris | ||
*Guru Arjan Dev 117 Pauris | *Guru Arjan Dev 117 Pauris | ||
*Total number of Pauris of 2l 463 Pauris | *Total number of Pauris of 2l 463 Pauris | ||
*Vars Satta-Baiwand’s Var 8 Pauris | *Vars Satta-Baiwand’s Var 8 Pauris | ||
*'''Grand Total of | *'''Grand Total of Pauris 471 Pauris''' | ||
'''Details of Sloks of 21 Vars''' | |||
*Guru Nanak Dev 227 Sloks | *Guru Nanak Dev 227 Sloks | ||
*Guru Angad Dev 63 Sloks | *Guru Angad Dev 63 Sloks | ||
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*Guru Arjan Dev 252 Sloks | *Guru Arjan Dev 252 Sloks | ||
*Kabir Ji 4 Sloks | *Kabir Ji 4 Sloks | ||
* '''Total of 994 Sloks''' | * '''Total of 994 Sloks''' | ||
==Compositions of the Bhagats== | ==Compositions of the Bhagats== | ||
[[File:Writers of Guru Granth Sahib as per birth place.jpeg|thumbnail|location of birth place of various Writers of Guru Granth Sahib compiled by Guru Arjun & Guru Gobind Singh]] | |||
The compositions of the [[Bhagat]]s appears in 22 of the 31 raags. There are a total of 349 [[Shabad]]s by the Bhagats. Within these 349 Shabads are also 3 Shabads by [[Guru Arjan Dev]]. The breakdown of these 352 shabads is given below: | The compositions of the [[Bhagat]]s appears in 22 of the 31 raags. There are a total of 349 [[Shabad]]s by the Bhagats. Within these 349 Shabads are also 3 Shabads by [[Guru Arjan Dev]]. The breakdown of these 352 shabads is given below: | ||
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In addition to the above Shabads, there are 3 more compositions by [[Bhagat Kabir]] in Raag Gauri. They are Bavan Akhari, Pandrah Thithi and Satt Var. | In addition to the above Shabads, there are 3 more compositions by [[Bhagat Kabir]] in Raag Gauri. They are Bavan Akhari, Pandrah Thithi and Satt Var. | ||
== The Metres and types of compositions== | == The Metres and types of compositions== | ||
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'''i. Chaubole''' - Chaubole actually means a popular song. In Guru Granth Sahib it means an utterance of four persons, four Bhats - Somoan, Moos, Jan and Patting. | '''i. Chaubole''' - Chaubole actually means a popular song. In Guru Granth Sahib it means an utterance of four persons, four Bhats - Somoan, Moos, Jan and Patting. | ||
==Contributors to the Granth== | |||
The writings in the Granth generally appears in chapters which are given names of Raags. Within each chapter or Raag, the writings of the Gurus appears chronologically. Each of the Gurus signed their hymns as Nanak. Their compositions are identified by the numerals at the beginning of each hymn, ie. Mahalla 1 is Guru Nanak, Mahalla 2 is Guru Angad and so on. These are then followed by those of other saints (Bhagtas) and other contributors. Their are 3,384 hymns found in the Guru Granth Sahib broken down by 43 authors of who many were non-Sikhs including Hindus and Muslims. The authors of [[Guru Granth Sahib]] include: | |||
* Six[[Guru]s | |||
* Fifteen [[Bhagat]]s | |||
* Seventeen [[Bhatt]]s | |||
* Four [[Sikh]]s | |||
===The 6 Gurus=== | |||
* [[Guru Nanak]]: 974 hymns including sloks and pauris | |||
* [[Guru Angad]]: 62 sloks | |||
* [[Guru Amar Das]]: 907 hymns including sloks and pauris | |||
* [[Guru Ram Das]]: 679 hymns including sloks and pauris | |||
* [[Guru Arjan]]: 2,218 hymns including sloks and pauris | |||
* [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]: 59 hymns and 56 sloks | |||
===The 15 Bhagats=== | |||
Holy text of saints of both [[Muslim]] and [[Hindu]] faiths has been included in the [[Guru Granth Sahib]]; [[Sheikh Farid]], who was a [[Muslim]] was a major contributor to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]]. [[Bhagat Namdev]] and [[Bhagat Ravidas]] were Hindus who have substantial prominence in the [[Guru Granth Sahib]]. | |||
* [[Kabir]]: 292 hymns | |||
* [[Namdev]]: 60 hymns | |||
* [[Ravidas]]: 41 hymns | |||
* [[Sheikh Farid]]: 4 hymns and 130 sloks Sheikh | |||
* [[Trilochan]]: 4 hymns | |||
* [[Dhanna]]: 4 hymns | |||
* [[Beni]]: 3 hymns | |||
* [[Sheikh Bhikan]]: 2 hymns | |||
* [[Jaidev]]: 2 hymns | |||
* [[Surdas]]: 1 hymn Bhagat | |||
* [[Parmanand]]: 1 hymn | |||
* [[Pipa]]: 1 hymn | |||
* [[Ramanand]]: 1 hymn | |||
* [[Sadhna]]: 1 hymn | |||
* [[Sain]]: 1 hymn | |||
===The 17 Bhatts=== | |||
The Bhatts were a group of musicians who lived in the sixteenth century. All of them were scholars, poets and singers. | |||
* [[Kal]]: 49 Swayyas | |||
* [[Kalsahar]]: 4 Swayyas | |||
* [[Tal]]: 1 Swayya | |||
* [[Jalap]]: 4 Swayyas | |||
* [[Jal]]: 1 Swayya | |||
* [[Kirat]]: 8 Swayyas | |||
* [[Sal]]: 3 Swayyas | |||
* [[Bhal]]: 1 Swayya | |||
* [[Nal]]: 6 Swayyas | |||
* [[Bhikha]]: 2 Swayyas | |||
* [[Jalan]]: 2 Swayyas | |||
* [[Das]]: 1 Swayya | |||
* [[Gayand]]: 5 Swayyas | |||
* [[Sewak]]: 7 Swayyas | |||
* [[Mathura]]: 10 Swayyas | |||
* [[Bal]]: 5 Swayyas | |||
* [[Harbans]]: 2 Swayyas | |||
===The 4 Sikhs=== | |||
* [[Mardana]]: 3 sloks | |||
* [[Satta and Balwand]]: 1 Var | |||
* [[Sunder]]: 1 hymn | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Guru Granth Sahib]] | |||
* [[Index of Guru Granth Sahib]] | * [[Index of Guru Granth Sahib]] | ||
* [[Search Gurbani]] | |||
* [[Guru Granth Sahib Numbering System]] | |||
==External Links== | |||
* [http://www.sikhs.org/granth2.htm sikhs.org - Sri Guru Granth Sahib Authors & Contributors] | |||
* [http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/articles/guru-granth-sahibthe-history-arrangements-and-text.html allaboutsikhs.com] | * [http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/articles/guru-granth-sahibthe-history-arrangements-and-text.html allaboutsikhs.com] | ||
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* [http://www.rajacademy.com/article.php?article_id=120 rajacademy.com] | * [http://www.rajacademy.com/article.php?article_id=120 rajacademy.com] | ||
* [http://www.gurbanifiles. | * [http://www.gurbanifiles.net/intro.html gurbanifiles.net] | ||
* [http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/ searchgurbani.com Raag] | * [http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/ searchgurbani.com Raag] |
Latest revision as of 04:54, 5 October 2019
The Guru Granth Sahib Ji begins with the word "Ek Onkar" – The All Pervading Being. From this Word to the tenth Word “Gur-parshad” is called the Mool Mantra. After this is the rest of the composition called the Japji Saahib composed by Guru Nanak Dev Ji. The Japji Saahib consists of 38 Pauris or stanzas, a prologue, and an epilogue. This is one of the morning prayers of the Sikhs.
The next composition has two parts - (1) "So Dar" and (2) "So Purkh". The Bani, "So Dar", contains 5 Shabads and "So Purkh" contains 4 Shabads. This forms most of the evening prayer of the Sikhs and is called the Rehras Saahib. After this is the Bani called Sohila (full name, Kirtan Sohila), which contains 5 Shabads and is the bed-time prayer.
The scripture contains compositions by:
- 6 Sikh Gurus: Guru Nanak Dev Ji , Guru Angad Dev Ji, Guru Amar Das Ji, Guru Ram Das Ji, Guru Arjan Dev Ji, and Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji (the first five Gurus and the ninth Guru).
- Seventeen saints/Bhagats: (Kabir Ji, Farid Ji, [Namdev]] Ji , Ravidas Ji, Beni Ji, Trilochan Ji, Jaidev Ji, Surdas Ji, Parmanand Ji, Sadhana Ji, Ramanand Ji, Dhanna Ji, Pipa Ji, Sain Ji, Bhikhan Ji, Surday Ji, and Mardana Ji.
- Poets Balwand & Sata and eleven Bhatts: or poets of the Sikh Gurus (Bhatt Balh, Bhatt Bhalh, Bhatt Bhika, Bhatt Gayand, Bhatt Harbans, Bhatt Jalap, Bhatt Kalshar, Bhatt Kirat, Bhatt Mathura, Bhatt Nalh, and Bhatt Salh)
The Guru Granth Sahib contains 5877 hymns or Shabads/Sloks. Of these,
|
|
Pre-Raga Section
The section of Bani before the Ragas as described above, can be summarised in relation to the page numbers as given below:
# | # | Description of Bani | Pages |
1. | Japji Sahib Guru Nanak Dev | 1 to 8 | |
a. | Mool Mantar | 1 | |
b. | 38 Pauris | 1 to 8 | |
c. | Slok | 8 | |
2. | Part of Rehras | 8 to 12 | |
a. | So Dar | 8 to 10 | |
b. | So Purakh | 10 to 12 | |
3. | Sohila | 12 to 13 |
Raga section
Within it's 1430 pages, most of the Shabads (hymns) of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib are arranged in these thirty-one Ragas, the traditional Indian musical measures and scales. Within the Ragas, they are arranged by order of the Sikh Gurus, with the shabads of the Hindu and Muslim saints. The shabads are written in various meters and rhythms, and are organized accordingly. For instance, Ashtapadi - eight steps, or Panch-padi - five steps. The Sri Guru Granth Sahib is written in Gurmukhi script, but the shabads were written in many different languages including Punjabi, Sanskrit and Persian.
Index of Raga section
- Main article: Index of Raag section
A raga is a reflection of a person's mood or emotional inclination and this is basically expressed musically by a set of rules to build a melody. This human emotion is reflected in music by specifying a scale, as well as rules for movements up and down the scale. Also, which notes should figure more and which notes should be used more sparingly; which notes take which ornamentation, which notes must be bent, which notes may be bent, phrases to be used, phrases to be avoided, and so on. The result is a framework that can be used to compose or improvise melodies in, so that melodies in a certain raga will always be recognisable yet allowing endless variation.
60 Ragas mentioned in the Guru Granth Sahib
Following is the list of all sixty Raags under which Gurbani is written, in order of appearance with page numbers.
The Sequence of Compositions with the RaagsWithin each Raag, the compositions are arranged in the following order: Shabads, followed by Astpadis, follwed by Chhants, followed by Compositions of the Bhagats. Each section of Shabads, Astpadis, Chhants are arranged in the order of the Gurus. Surprisingly, there are no Shabads by Guru Angad Dev Ji - He only wrote Sloks. Each section of Shabads in each Raag is follwed by Astpadi again in order of the Gurus. There is no Astpadi written by Guru Tegh Bahadur. After the Astpadi section are Chhants in the same chronological order of the Gurus.
Post Raga SectionAfter the completion of the Raag section of the Guru Granth Sahib which form the majority of the holy scripture, the following compositions appear:
VarAltogether, there are in all 22 Varan in Guru Granth Sahib, of which 21 have been written by the Gurus, and one by Bhatts Satta and Balwand. The details of Vars are given below -
Details of Vars in order of RaagsThe following is the breakdown of the number of Varan in the Raags:
Except for Satta and Baiwand’s Var in Rag Ramkali and the Var in Basant Rag of Guru Arjan Dev, in all the remaining Varaa, Sloks of first five Gurus have been attached to the Pauris of the Vars. The details of Pauris and Sloks of these Vars are given below:- Details of Pauris of 21:
Details of Sloks of 21 Vars
Compositions of the BhagatsThe compositions of the Bhagats appears in 22 of the 31 raags. There are a total of 349 Shabads by the Bhagats. Within these 349 Shabads are also 3 Shabads by Guru Arjan Dev. The breakdown of these 352 shabads is given below:
In addition to the above Shabads, there are 3 more compositions by Bhagat Kabir in Raag Gauri. They are Bavan Akhari, Pandrah Thithi and Satt Var. The Metres and types of compositionsAll hymns contained in Guru Granth Sahib are classified in different Ragas except the first hymn 'JAP JI, and SWAYYAS AND SLOAKS' at the end. The composition of the hymns in Guru Granth Sahib can be classified as: a. Shabads (religious sayings of different number of verses and their count in Guru Granth Sahib is as follows:
b. Pauris - Literally there is no difference between a shabad and a pauri. The practical difference is that a pauri carries its idea further. In Punjabi language a pauri means a ladder. The word pauri is used in the Granth Sahib to define different parts of a 'VAR' - a heroic ballad e.g. Var Rankali of the third Guru or a long verse e.g. Jap Ji of Guru Nanak. The pauri is a long verse and may or may not have uniformity i.e. they may differ in metre and in number. c. Vars (ballads) - Var means a long poem in which the praises of a hero are sung. The religious Vars included in Guru Granth Sahib contain a slok, a small verse complete in itself which is mostly subjective, before each pauri in order to clarify the idea contain in the pauri. The Pauris of a Var are by the same writer but it is not necessary for the sloks. If the name/number of the composer is not given before the sloks then the composer is the same as that of the Var otherwise the name or number of the composer is given. There are 22 Vars in Guru Granth Sahib written as follows: Guru Nanak - 3 Guru Amardas - 4 Guru Ramdas - 8 Guru Arjan - 6 Satta and Balwand (Bards) - 1 (This Var has no sloaks in it) d. Chhants - means verses of praise. Majority of the Chhants in Guru Granth Sahib contain one or more stanzas. A stanza of a Chhant contains four to six verses. There are some Chhants which are preceded by sloaks like Pauris in Vars. e. Swayas - it is a particular stanza form. In Guru Granth Sahib are the Bards/Bhats who.composed Swayas to praise the Sikh Gurus and used many other metres under the heading Swayas. They also used different arrangements of long and short syllables at the end of the verses or within the serves. There are 122 Swayas composed by the Bhats in praise of the Gurus included in Guru Granth Sahib. Patti is a long verse in which each letter of an alphabet is represented by a stanza. Guru Nanak has used Punjabi alphabet while Guru Amardas has used some other alphabet of the period. Two more similar verses have been named as Bawankhris, meaning fifty-two letters. Guru Nanak's Bawan-Akhri has 52 letters whereas Kabir's Bawan-Akhri has only 36 letters. Onkar also means the beginning of an alphabet and dakhni means 'o f the south'. Thus a southern alphabet is used in this verse. It is composed by Guru Nanak and has 54 letters in it. g. Pehre, Bara Mah, Thhitti and Rutti. These are the long verses in which stanzas are composed on the names of the four parts of the day, seven days of the week, twelve months of the year, fifteen lunar dates and six seasons. h. Gatha and Phune. These are special type of sloaks. In Gatha, like Sahaskriti sloaks couplets, do not rhyme. Phune means repetition. In phunhay word 'Harihan' is repeated in the fourth verse of each stanza. i. Chaubole - Chaubole actually means a popular song. In Guru Granth Sahib it means an utterance of four persons, four Bhats - Somoan, Moos, Jan and Patting.
Contributors to the GranthThe writings in the Granth generally appears in chapters which are given names of Raags. Within each chapter or Raag, the writings of the Gurus appears chronologically. Each of the Gurus signed their hymns as Nanak. Their compositions are identified by the numerals at the beginning of each hymn, ie. Mahalla 1 is Guru Nanak, Mahalla 2 is Guru Angad and so on. These are then followed by those of other saints (Bhagtas) and other contributors. Their are 3,384 hymns found in the Guru Granth Sahib broken down by 43 authors of who many were non-Sikhs including Hindus and Muslims. The authors of Guru Granth Sahib include:
The 6 Gurus
The 15 BhagatsHoly text of saints of both Muslim and Hindu faiths has been included in the Guru Granth Sahib; Sheikh Farid, who was a Muslim was a major contributor to the Guru Granth Sahib. Bhagat Namdev and Bhagat Ravidas were Hindus who have substantial prominence in the Guru Granth Sahib.
The 17 BhattsThe Bhatts were a group of musicians who lived in the sixteenth century. All of them were scholars, poets and singers.
The 4 Sikhs
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