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'''OANKARU''' is a composition of  Guru Nanak's in the measure Ramkali in the Guru Granth Sahib. The full title of the barn is Ramkali Mahala 1 Dakhani Oankaru. The title is explained differently by different scholars. According to one tradition, dakham is the adjective for the noun Oarikaru which is the actual name of the bdm. It is called dakham because it was addressed to the priest of the Oarikar temple in the dakhan (South), on an island in the river Narmada, in Madhya Pradesh. According to another tradition, the designation of the bdm is Oankdru and the term dakham goes with Rdmkali, as Dakhani is a form of the Ramkali rdga. Many other instances of the titles written on similar lines are quoted in support of this view, as, for instance, Gauri  Mahala  1 Dakhani and Vadaharis  Mahala  1 Dakhani. In these barns, dakham stands for the rdgamor the measure of music.
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[[Image:Dakhnionkaar.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Dakhni Onkaar - Bani By [[Guru Nanak Dev]] Ji]]


Oankaru is composed in the form of an acrostic, each stanza beginning with one of the letters of the script meant for writing Sanskrit. Some of the sounds of Sanskrit do not exist in the language used by Guru Nanak. In such cases, prevalent equivalent sounds are used to represent the letters of the old script. For example, 'j' is used for 'y' and 'b' for 'v'. Oankdru opens with verses in praise of God who is remembered as the creator of all that exists, of time with all its different cycles, and of the entire universe. Then follows the verse of rahdu (pause) indicating the central theme of the bdm : 0 Pande, why are you involved in the writing of such idle hieroglyphics. Write the name of God alone. Hereafter begins the acrostic form. The emphasis is on ethical and spiritual teaching. Men whose deeds fall short of their professions have been called moving corpses, i.e. corpses which only breathe. They are dead, spiritually. But even those so degraded have a chance of saving themselves if only they would make a total surrender to the will of God. If such a person devotes himself to Nam, his mind would be cleansed of worldly temptations and cravings. The grace of the Guru will be a decisive factor in this process of spiritual regeneration. Temptation is the cause of suffering and sinfulness. Only those guided by the Guru's wisdom overcome it. No rituals can be of any help, nor any intellectual or scholarly accomplishment. Renunciation of the world and ascetic practices are of little avail. The real Pandit or wise man is he who follows the path shown by the Guru and remains united with God while performing his worldly duty. The language of the composition is a mixture of Hindavi and Punjabi. Words of PersoArabic origin are rarer here than in some of Guru Nanak's other poems. The grammatical patterns are closer to those of Apabhrarisa. The style is simple without any conscious attempt at poetic ornamentation. Yet certain artistic features are noteworthy. Striking specimens of the use of simile and metaphor as well as of alliteration are not infrequent. The poem has contributed to Punjabi many crisp maxims and aphorisms. For instance: gun vichdre gidm soihe who imbibes merit is the real knower, Giani (GG, 931) kdmu krodhu kdid kau gdlailust and anger consume the body (GG, 932); and lekhu na mitai he sakhijo likhid kartdri the destiny the Creator has written for you will not be erased, my friend (GG, 937).
'''DAKHNI OANKAR''' or simply '''OANKAR''' is a [[Bani|composition]] of 54 stanzas by the founder of [[Sikhism]], [[Guru Nanak]] Dev Ji. This compositions is in the measure [[Raag Ramkali]] in the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Ji. The full title of the [[bani]] is '''Ramkali Mahala 1 Dakhani Oankaru'''. The composition appears in the holy Granth at pages {{SGGSFT|929|938}}. The title is explained differently by different scholars. The word "Dakhan" means "south" and "Onkar" is a reference to "The Creator".
 
#According to one tradition, dakhani is the adjective for the noun Oankaru which is the actual name of the [[bani]]. It is called dakhani because it was addressed to the priest of the [[Omkar Temple|Oankar temple]] in the dakhan (South), on an island in the {{Wiki|Narmada River}}, in {{wiki|Madhya Pradesh}}.
#According to another tradition, the designation of the [[bani]] is Oankaru and the term dakhani goes with Ramkali, as Dakhani is a form of the Ramkali raga.
#Many other instances of the titles written on similar lines are quoted in support of this view, as, for instance, [[Gauri]] Mahala 1 Dakhani and Vadahans Mahala 1 Dakhani. In these banis, dakhani stands for the raga, more the measure of music.
 
==Details==
Oankar is composed in the form of an [[acrostic]], each stanza beginning with one of the letters of the [[Sanskrit]] alphabet. However, some of the sounds of the [[Sanskrit]] alphabet do not exist in the [[Gurmukhi]] language used by [[Guru Nanak]]. In such cases, prevalent equivalent sounds are used to represent the letters of the old script. For example, 'j' is used for 'y' and 'b' for 'v'.  
 
==The Opening theme==
 
Oankar opens with verses in praise of God who is remembered as the Creator of all that exists; of time with all its different cycles; and of the entire universe. Then follows the verse of [[rahau]] (pause) indicating the central theme of the bani : 0 [[Pandit]], why are you involved in the writing of such idle hieroglyphics - write the name of [[God]] alone.  
 
==The Main message==
 
After this begins the acrostic form. The emphasis is on ethical and spiritual teaching. Men whose deeds fall short because of their professions have been called moving corpses, i.e. corpses which only breathe. They are dead, spiritually. But even those so degraded have a chance of saving themselves if only they would make a total surrender to the "will of God" - [[Hukam]]. If such a person devotes himself to [[Naam]], his mind would be cleansed of worldly temptations and cravings.  
 
The Grace of the Guru will be a decisive factor in this process of spiritual regeneration. Temptation is the cause of suffering and sinfulness. Only those guided by the Guru's wisdom overcome it. No rituals can be of any help, nor any intellectual or scholarly accomplishment. Renunciation of the world and ascetic practices are of little avail. The real [[Pandit]] or wise man is he who follows the path shown by the [[Guru]] and remains united with God while performing his worldly duty,
 
==Punjabi, Hindi prevalent==
 
The language of the composition is a mixture of Hindavi and [[Punjabi]]. Words of [[Persion|Perso]] - [[Arabic]] origin are rarer here than in some of [[Guru Nanak]]'s other poems. The grammatical patterns are closer to those of Arabhrarisa. The style is simple without any conscious attempt at poetic ornamentation. Yet certain artistic features are noteworthy. Striking specimens of the use of similie and metaphor as well as of alliteration are not infrequent.  
 
The poem has contributed to Punjabi many crisp maxims and aphorisms. For instance:  
 
#gun vichare gian soihe - who imbibes merit is the real knower, [[Giani]] (GG, 931)  
#kamu krodhu kaia kau galai - lust and anger consume the body (GG, 932); and  
#lekhu na mitai he sakhi jo likhia kartari - the destiny the Creator has written for you will not be erased, my friend (GG, 937).
 
==Guru Granth Index for Raag Ramkali==
 
{|style="width:90%; background:#E6E6CC"  border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0"
{|style="width:75%; background:#f0f0ff; "  border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0"
|width=25%|'''Bani or Raga'''
|width=15%| '''Pages'''
|width=60%| '''Contributed by'''
|-
|<big>'''[[Raga Ramkali]]''' </big>
|'''{{SGGSFT|876|974}}'''
|'''{{G1}}, {{G3}}, {{G4}}, {{G5}}, {{G9}}, {{G2}}, {{BK}}, {{BF}}, {{BN}}, {{BRD}}, {{BB}} '''
|-
| Gurua ki Bani|| 876 to 902 || {{G1}}, {{G3}}, {{G4}}, {{G5}}, {{G9}}
|-
| Ashtpadiyan (Octets) || 902 to 916 || {{G1}}, {{G3}}, {{G5}}
|-
| [[Anand]] (Bliss) || 917 to 922 || {{G3}}
|-
| Sadd (The Call) || 923 to 924 || [[Baba Sundar]]
|-
| Chhant (Lyrics) || 924 to 929 || {{G5}}
|-
| '''Dakhni Onkar''' (Semi-Acrostic) || {{SGGSFT|929|938}} || {{G1}}
|-
| Siddha Gosh (Dialogue with Siddhas) || 938 to 946 || {{G1}}
|-
| Ramkali Ki Var || 947 to 968 || {{G3}}, {{G1}}, {{G2}}, {{G5}}, {{BK}}, {{BF}}, [[Rai Balwand and Satta]]
|-
| Bhagata ki Bani|| 968 to 974 || {{BK}}, {{BN}}, {{BRD}}, {{BB}}
|}
 
{{Oakaru}}
 
==See also==
[[Misinterpretation Of Word Oankar]]
*[http://www.sikhroots.com/dakhni-onkar Dakhni Onkar on SikhRoots with downloads]
 
==References==
 
*1. Sabadarth Sri Guru Granth Sahib. AMRITSAR, 1964
*2. Bhagat SINGH Hira, Oankar Darshan. [[Delhi]], 1977
*3. Jagjit Singh Saluja, Mul Mantar Sankalap te Vivechan. LUDHIANA, 1982
*4. Sahib Singh, Sri [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Darpan. [[Jalandhar]], 1963
'''*5. [http://sikhdigitallibrary.blogspot.com/2013/12/the-dakhni-onkar-word-divine-uttered-by.html The Dakhni Onkar (The Word Divine Uttered by Sri Guru Nanak Dev In The South) - Sher Singh MSc Kashmir]'''
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Bani|Oankaar]]
[[Category:Scriptures and Literature]]
[[Category:Dakhni Oankar]]

Latest revision as of 00:55, 20 October 2018

Dakhni Onkaar - Bani By Guru Nanak Dev Ji

DAKHNI OANKAR or simply OANKAR is a composition of 54 stanzas by the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak Dev Ji. This compositions is in the measure Raag Ramkali in the Guru Granth Sahib Ji. The full title of the bani is Ramkali Mahala 1 Dakhani Oankaru. The composition appears in the holy Granth at pages 929 to 938. The title is explained differently by different scholars. The word "Dakhan" means "south" and "Onkar" is a reference to "The Creator".

  1. According to one tradition, dakhani is the adjective for the noun Oankaru which is the actual name of the bani. It is called dakhani because it was addressed to the priest of the Oankar temple in the dakhan (South), on an island in the Narmada River, in Madhya Pradesh.
  2. According to another tradition, the designation of the bani is Oankaru and the term dakhani goes with Ramkali, as Dakhani is a form of the Ramkali raga.
  3. Many other instances of the titles written on similar lines are quoted in support of this view, as, for instance, Gauri Mahala 1 Dakhani and Vadahans Mahala 1 Dakhani. In these banis, dakhani stands for the raga, more the measure of music.

Details

Oankar is composed in the form of an acrostic, each stanza beginning with one of the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet. However, some of the sounds of the Sanskrit alphabet do not exist in the Gurmukhi language used by Guru Nanak. In such cases, prevalent equivalent sounds are used to represent the letters of the old script. For example, 'j' is used for 'y' and 'b' for 'v'.

The Opening theme

Oankar opens with verses in praise of God who is remembered as the Creator of all that exists; of time with all its different cycles; and of the entire universe. Then follows the verse of rahau (pause) indicating the central theme of the bani : 0 Pandit, why are you involved in the writing of such idle hieroglyphics - write the name of God alone.

The Main message

After this begins the acrostic form. The emphasis is on ethical and spiritual teaching. Men whose deeds fall short because of their professions have been called moving corpses, i.e. corpses which only breathe. They are dead, spiritually. But even those so degraded have a chance of saving themselves if only they would make a total surrender to the "will of God" - Hukam. If such a person devotes himself to Naam, his mind would be cleansed of worldly temptations and cravings.

The Grace of the Guru will be a decisive factor in this process of spiritual regeneration. Temptation is the cause of suffering and sinfulness. Only those guided by the Guru's wisdom overcome it. No rituals can be of any help, nor any intellectual or scholarly accomplishment. Renunciation of the world and ascetic practices are of little avail. The real Pandit or wise man is he who follows the path shown by the Guru and remains united with God while performing his worldly duty,

Punjabi, Hindi prevalent

The language of the composition is a mixture of Hindavi and Punjabi. Words of Perso - Arabic origin are rarer here than in some of Guru Nanak's other poems. The grammatical patterns are closer to those of Arabhrarisa. The style is simple without any conscious attempt at poetic ornamentation. Yet certain artistic features are noteworthy. Striking specimens of the use of similie and metaphor as well as of alliteration are not infrequent.

The poem has contributed to Punjabi many crisp maxims and aphorisms. For instance:

  1. gun vichare gian soihe - who imbibes merit is the real knower, Giani (GG, 931)
  2. kamu krodhu kaia kau galai - lust and anger consume the body (GG, 932); and
  3. lekhu na mitai he sakhi jo likhia kartari - the destiny the Creator has written for you will not be erased, my friend (GG, 937).

Guru Granth Index for Raag Ramkali

Bani or Raga Pages Contributed by
Raga Ramkali 876 to 974 Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan Dev, Guru Teg Bahadur, Guru Angad, Bhagat Kabir, Sheikh Farid, Bhagat Namdev, Bhagat Ravi Das, Bhagat Beni
Gurua ki Bani 876 to 902 Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan Dev, Guru Teg Bahadur
Ashtpadiyan (Octets) 902 to 916 Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Amar Das, Guru Arjan Dev
Anand (Bliss) 917 to 922 Guru Amar Das
Sadd (The Call) 923 to 924 Baba Sundar
Chhant (Lyrics) 924 to 929 Guru Arjan Dev
Dakhni Onkar (Semi-Acrostic) 929 to 938 Guru Nanak Dev
Siddha Gosh (Dialogue with Siddhas) 938 to 946 Guru Nanak Dev
Ramkali Ki Var 947 to 968 Guru Amar Das, Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Angad, Guru Arjan Dev, Bhagat Kabir, Sheikh Farid, Rai Balwand and Satta
Bhagata ki Bani 968 to 974 Bhagat Kabir, Bhagat Namdev, Bhagat Ravi Das, Bhagat Beni
Dakhni Oankar

Page 1 * Page 2 * Page 3 * Page 4 * Page 5 * Page 6 * Page 7 * Page 8 * Page 9 * Page 10 * Page 11 * Page 12 * Page 13 * Page 14 * Page 15 * Page 16 * Page 17 * Page 18

See also

Misinterpretation Of Word Oankar

References

  • 1. Sabadarth Sri Guru Granth Sahib. AMRITSAR, 1964
  • 2. Bhagat SINGH Hira, Oankar Darshan. Delhi, 1977
  • 3. Jagjit Singh Saluja, Mul Mantar Sankalap te Vivechan. LUDHIANA, 1982
  • 4. Sahib Singh, Sri Guru Granth Sahib Darpan. Jalandhar, 1963

*5. The Dakhni Onkar (The Word Divine Uttered by Sri Guru Nanak Dev In The South) - Sher Singh MSc Kashmir

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