Rudra Avtar: Difference between revisions
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* This epic poetry was written at [[Anandpur Sahib]] <ref>[http://archimedespress.co.uk/ Sri Dasam Granth Sahib]</ref>, probably in Samvat 1755/ 1698. | * This epic poetry was written at [[Anandpur Sahib]] <ref>[http://archimedespress.co.uk/ Sri Dasam Granth Sahib]</ref>, probably in Samvat 1755/ 1698. | ||
* This text is part of Bachitar Natak Granth, as per rubrics at the end. Although modern interpretations believed that portion of Guru Gobind Singh life, whom he refer Apni Katha is Bachitar Natak , viewing all the rest compsition are independent form of it. | * This text is part of Bachitar Natak Granth, as per rubrics at the end. Although modern interpretations believed that portion of Guru Gobind Singh life, whom he refer Apni Katha is Bachitar Natak , viewing all the rest compsition are independent form of it. | ||
* | * This composition is present in all old Manuscripts i.e Mani Singh's, Motibagh's, Sangrur's and Patna's Manuscripts.<ref>Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity, C. Shackle, Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, Gurharpal Singh</ref> | ||
* The | * The Language of the composition is Hindi with mixture of Sanskrit words.<ref>Dasam Granth, S.S. Kapoor, Page 17</ref> | ||
* First six Chandds are Introductory. 849 Chands narrates Dattatreya and 359 Chandds narrates about Paras Nath. | * First six Chandds are Introductory. 849 Chands narrates Dattatreya and 359 Chandds narrates about Paras Nath. | ||
Revision as of 02:18, 22 December 2012
Rudra Avtar is a composition and epic poetry under title Ath Rudra Avtar Kathan(n), written by Guru Gobind Singh, present in Dasam Granth Sahib considered as second most important Scripture of Sikhs. This composition covers the most important war of Gurmat philosophy i.e fight between Bibek Buddhi and Abibek Budhi which is actually fight between truth and false, fight between Wisdom and Ignorance. This composition also covered the concept of Gyaan (Wisdom) and Dhyana(Attention).
Guru Gobind Singh sanctified and narrated the life history of two souls, which is considered as Rudra avtar:
- Datt Muni Rudra Avtar
- Paras Nath Rudra Avtar
Information
- This epic poetry was written at Anandpur Sahib [1], probably in Samvat 1755/ 1698.
- This text is part of Bachitar Natak Granth, as per rubrics at the end. Although modern interpretations believed that portion of Guru Gobind Singh life, whom he refer Apni Katha is Bachitar Natak , viewing all the rest compsition are independent form of it.
- This composition is present in all old Manuscripts i.e Mani Singh's, Motibagh's, Sangrur's and Patna's Manuscripts.[2]
- The Language of the composition is Hindi with mixture of Sanskrit words.[3]
- First six Chandds are Introductory. 849 Chands narrates Dattatreya and 359 Chandds narrates about Paras Nath.
Definition
Rudra in Adi Guru Granth Sahib
ਰੁਦ੍ਰ ਧਿਆਨ ਗਿਆਨ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਕੇ ਕਬਿ ਜਨ ਭਲ੍ਯ੍ਯ ਉਨਹ ਜ ਗਾਵੈ ॥
रुद्र धिआन गिआन सतिगुर के कबि जन भल्य उनह जो गावै ॥
With Rudra's attention and the spiritual wisdom of the True Guru, says BHALL the poet, these may be counted.
Adi Granth Sahib covers the concept of Rudra Dhyaan. Every living being's surt/dhyaaan (or attention) can be directed in two ways, one towards one's body (outer world), and the other towards one's own self (source of attention). As long as our attention stays on our body only, and we loose connection with our self, we are incomplete (half or daal as in Gurbani). That is why we remain tense, confused and make wrong decisions. But those who are complete (The one as in Gurbani), their attention is focused on the source of attention itself (self) and thus, they are immune to any influence of outside world such as vices. Such a one-mindedness and focus is called Rudra Dhyaan. From such a dhyaan, the thoughts that sprout are all under divine hukam (and are not self-conceived). Consequently, Hukam itself is called Rudra.
In Sikh Thought, Rudra is a qualitative name of Supreme Command(Hukam).
Rudra/Siva Vs Mahadev
In Dasam Granth, Rudra and Shiva are generic terms while Mahadev is the name of one person, whom mistakenly people call Rudra or Shiva.
In Gurmat Philosophy, Mahadev was a Yogi who was dweller of Himalayas. In Hindu Myth, Mahadev is also called Shiv or Rudra but in Gurmat philosophy, Shiv term does not comes for Mahadev, because Shiv is Nirankar(Formless). In Chopai, Guru Gobind Singh cleared it as: Mahadev ko kehat sada shiv, nirankar ka cheenat nahin bhiv. In History, people give person the name whom he worship as Mahadev was worshipper of Shiva, he is also called Shiva, like Nanak was worshipper of Guru (Shabad Guru - The source of wisdom), he is also called Guru as Guru Gobind Singh said aad ant ekey avtara, soyi guru samjheyo hamara. From content of composition of Rudra Avtar, it is clear that Mahadev and Shiva/Rudra are seperate entities. Hence, Dattatreya is not considered as avtar of Mahadev.
Philosophical Aspects
Concept of God in Rudra Avtar
- He is Creator, Birthless, Fearless. His Power of wisdom is above all.
ਜਿਹ ਝਕ ਰੂਪ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਅਨੇਕ ॥ ਪਹਮੀ ਅਕਾਸ਼ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਬਿਬੇਕ ॥
He who created many beings from one and with His Power of wisdom,
ਜਲਬਾ ਥਲੇਸ ਸਭ ਠੌਰ ਜਾਨ ॥ ਅਨਭਯ ਅਜੋਨ ਅਨ ਆਸਮਾਨ ॥੬੭॥
created the earth and the sky; that fearless, birthless and beyond desires is there at all the places in water and on plain.67.
- He is indestructible. Created All Beings.
ਅਨਭੰਗ ਅੰਗ ਅਨਭਵ ਪਰਕਾਸ ॥ ਪਸਰੀ ਜਗੱਤ ਜਿਹ ਜੀਵ ਰਾਸ ॥
His limbs are indestructible; that Lord is the manifestation of cognition; because of His Grave, the beings are scattered over the whole world;
ਕਿੱਨੇ ਸ ਜੀਵ ਜਲਿ ਥਲਿ ਅਨੇਕ ॥ ਅੰਤਹਿ ਸਮੇਯ ਫਨ ਰੂਪ ਝਕ ॥੭੬॥
He had created many beings in water and on plain and He ultimately merges everyone in His Form.76.
- He is Blemishless(Nihkalanki = Kalki), Stable, Glorious, and of infinite qualities
ਅਕਲੰਕ ਰੂਪ ਅਨਛਿੱਜ ਤੇਜ ॥ ਆਸਨ ਅਡੋਲ ਸਭ ਸਭਰ ਸੇਜ ॥
Who is blemish less, Who is eternally glorious, Who is seated on a stable seat
ਅਨਗਨਤ ਜਾਸ ਗਨ ਮੱਧਿ ਸੋਭ ॥ ਲਖਿ ਸ਼ੱਤਰ ਮਿਤਰ ਜਿਹ ਰਹਤ ਲੋਭ ॥੭੨॥
and Who has infinite qualities. The enemies and friends all are allured to see Him||72||
Condemnation of Deities in Rudra Avtar
- Whom people calls Shiva was not able to know his end as he practiced yoga for many Years.
ਸ਼ਿਵ ਸਹੰਸ ਬਰਖ ਲੌ ਜੋਗ ਕੀਨ ॥ ਤਜਿ ਨੇਹ ਗੇਹ ਬਨਬਾਸ ਲੀਨ ॥
Shiva practiced Yoga for thousands of years; he left his home and all attachment and resided in the forest;
ਬਹ ਕੀਨ ਜੋਗਿ ਤਹ ਬਹ ਪਰਕਾਰ ॥ ਨਹੀ ਤਦਿਪ ਤਾਸ ਲਹਿ ਸਕਾ ਪਾਰ ॥੮੨॥
He also practiced Yoga in various ways, but still he could not know His end.82.
- Here Guru Gobind Singh give a strong condemnation to following characters of history:
ਕਈ ਕੋਟ ਇੰਦਰ ਜਿਹ ਪਾਨਹਾਰ ॥ ਕਈ ਚੰਦ ਸੂਰ ਕਰਿਸ਼ਨਾਵਤਾਰ ॥
Millions of Indras, Chandras, Suryas and Krishans serve Him;
ਕਈ ਬਿਸ਼ਨ ਰਦਰ ਰਾਮਾ ਰਸੂਲ ॥ ਬਿਨ ਭਗਤਿ ਯੌ ਨ ਕੋਈ ਕਬੂਲ ॥੯੫॥
Many Vishnus, Rudras, Rams, Muhammadas etc. mediate on Him, but He accepts none without true devotion.95.
ਕਈ ਦੱਤ ਸੱਤ ਗੋਰਖ ਦੇਵ ॥ ਮਨ ਮਨ ਮਛਿੰਦਰ ਨਹੀ ਲਖਤ ਭੇਵ ॥
There are many truthful persons like Dutt, many Yogis like Gorakh, Machhindar and other sages,
ਬਹ ਭਾਂਤ ਮੰਤਰ ਮਤ ਕੈ ਪਰਕਾਸ਼ ॥ ਬਿਨ ਝਕ ਆਸ ਸਭ ਹੀ ਨਿਰਾਸ ॥੯੬॥
but none has been able to comprehend His mystery; various types of Mantras in various religions the faith of One Lord.96.
External Links
References
- ^ Sri Dasam Granth Sahib
- ^ Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity, C. Shackle, Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, Gurharpal Singh
- ^ Dasam Granth, S.S. Kapoor, Page 17
| Banis: | Jaap | Akal Ustat | Bachitar Natak | Chandi Charitar Ukat(i) Bilas | Chandi Charitar 2 | | Chandi di Var | Gyan Parbodh | Chobis Avatar | Brahm Avtar | Rudar Avtar | Shabad Hazarey | 33 Swaiyey | Swayyae| Shastar Nam Mala | Charitropakhyan | Zafarnama | Hikayats |
| History: | Historical References · Guru Gobind Singh · Paonta Sahib · Bhai Mani Singh · Mata Sundri |
| Philosphy: | Idol Worship · Pilgrimages · Chandi · Triya · Shastar · Waheguru |
| Sikh Scholars About Dasam Bani: | Singh Sabha Lahore · Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha · Professor Sahib Singh · Bhai Veer Singh · Jarnail Singh Bhindrawale · Anti Dasam Bani Movement |
