Shaheed Bhai Sangat Singh Bangeshwar

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Shaheed Bhai Sangat Singh Bangesar (born Bhai Sangtia Rai, also called Bhai Sant Singh) was a Sikh warrior, general and martyr in the Battle of Chamkaur.[1]

He was the main reason for the Khalsa Panth to receive Gurudom in Chamkaur, 6th December 1704.[2] He was one out of the 42 first Shahids of the Guru Khalsa Panth.[3] It was the congregation's wish that Guru Gobind Singh left Chamkaur Sahib and he did so with respect, and seeing their devotion, and understanding it as the final test for the position of 'Guru' he conferred upon the Khalsa, his sons, the gift of Gurudom.[2]

Early life

Sangat Singh was born in Punjab His grandfather was a small nobleman of the Illahabad Subah under Akbar named Bhanu Khan from Dhaka.[4] He was trained in Shastar Vidya, Gatka, horse-riding, warfare and martial arts and also studied languages, e.g - Punjabi, Bengali, Urdu, Sanskrit, Persian and Braj Bhasha.[5] Later, he was sent by his father to serve Guru Gobind Singh in the Khalsa, before Vaisakhi, 1699.[5]

Bhai Sangat Singh took part in battles of Bhangani, Bajrur, Nadaun, all four battles of Anandpur Sahib, Bansali, Nirmohgarh, Sarsa and Chamkaur.[6]

Career

Killing of Hussain Khan

During a battle between Hussain Khan and Raja Gopal Chand, Bhai Sangat Singh (at that time Sangtia Rai) was sent on the side of Raja Gopal Chand with 7 horsemen, they all died excepting Sangtia Rai who had shot Hussain Khan with an arrow.[7] Raja Kirpal Chand Katoch and Raja Ajmer Chand of Kahlur had teamed up to avenge Hussain Khan, Sangtia Rai had stood his ground and wounded both the Rajas- although they were overran.[7][8]

Battle of Chamkaur

In the Second Battle of Chamkaur, Bhai Sangat Singh Bangesar along with all 41 other Khalsa Sikhs decided that the Guru should leave and they would die for the Guru to escape.[5]Dhan Shri Guru Gobind Singh ji was requested to agree to the Sangat, and realized who the next Guru was going to be.[9] His son; the Guru Khalsa Panth, so hence he dressed Bhai Sangat Singh Bangesar, who bore a high degree of physical resemblance to Dhan Shri Guru Gobind Singh ji, in blue clothes, with his weapons and jewelry, along with 5 Paise and a coconut before bowing down to the Khalsa, all symbols of the passing of the title of Guru.[10] He has the attire, Kalgi and Dastar of the Guru hence the Mughals were tricked into believing who the Guru was in Chamkaur.[11][12] Template:Blockquote Guru Gobind Singh and two others went into the battle and fought, killing many of the soldiers, and managed to escape to a nearby Haveli.[13] Sahibzada Ajit Singh and Sahibzada Jujhar Singh became Shaheeds in the battle, and Sahibzada Jorawar Singh managed to break through the Mughal hordes.[14] All the others including Bhai Mokham Singh, Bhai Himmat Singh, Bhai Sahib Singh and Bhai Isar Singh achieved martyrdom.[15] Bhai Sangat Singh Bangesar and Bhai Deva Singh only two Sikhs got left at the fort and after Guru's exit and they went on war front to Mughal army and fought against them and achieved martyrdom.[16]

Influence

Bhai Sangat Singh Khalsa College, Banga, Punjab was named after him.[17]

The Martyrdom of Bhai Sangat Singh has become a state-level function in Punjab.[18]

Jazzy B and Sukshinder Shinda sang about him in the song titled "Bhai Sangat Singh Ji" in 2009.[19]

  1. ^ {{ #if: Lakshman | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Lakshman | Lakshman{{ #if: Bhagat | , Bhagat }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Lakshman | Lakshman{{ #if: Bhagat | , Bhagat }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Lakshman | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: Lakshman | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=XOY3V9pxcMMC&dq=bhai+sangat+singh&pg=PA115 | Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh | Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Asian Educational Services | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Asian Educational Services }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-81-206-0576-3 | . ISBN 978-81-206-0576-3 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=XOY3V9pxcMMC&dq=bhai+sangat+singh&pg=PA115 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  2. ^ a b {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: | {{{last}}}{{ #if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: | {{{last}}}{{ #if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: http://archive.org/details/KhushwantSinghAHistoryOfTheSikhsVol.1 | Khushwant Singh A History Of The Sikhs Vol. 1 | Khushwant Singh A History Of The Sikhs Vol. 1 }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: English | (in English) }}{{ #if: | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}{{{publisher}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: | . ISBN {{{isbn}}} }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: http://archive.org/details/KhushwantSinghAHistoryOfTheSikhsVol.1 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  3. ^ {{ #if: Singh [Author | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Singh [Author | Singh [Author{{ #if: Ranjit | , Ranjit }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Singh [Author | Singh [Author{{ #if: Ranjit | , Ranjit }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Singh [Author | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 2013 | (2013) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: Singh [Author | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=ilZJDQAAQBAJ&dq=bhai+sangat+singh&pg=PT89 | Golden Crystal | Golden Crystal }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Unistar Books | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Unistar Books }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-93-5113-048-2 | . ISBN 978-93-5113-048-2 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=ilZJDQAAQBAJ&dq=bhai+sangat+singh&pg=PT89 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  4. ^ {{ #if: Siṅgha | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Siṅgha | Siṅgha{{ #if: Sāhiba | , Sāhiba }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Siṅgha | Siṅgha{{ #if: Sāhiba | , Sāhiba }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Siṅgha | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 1967 | (1967) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: Siṅgha | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=pW4hAAAAMAAJ&q=bhai+sangat+singh | Guru Gobind Singh: Life History, His Mission and Significance of Four Breaches and Five Symbols of Khalsa Discipline | Guru Gobind Singh: Life History, His Mission and Significance of Four Breaches and Five Symbols of Khalsa Discipline }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Raj Publishers | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Raj Publishers }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: | . ISBN {{{isbn}}} }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=pW4hAAAAMAAJ&q=bhai+sangat+singh | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  5. ^ a b c https://www.patreon.com/posts/gurgaddi-to-at-76393420 https://www.patreon.com/posts/gurgaddi-to-at-76393420 Retrieved
  6. ^ The Tribune - Windows - Slice of history https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021019/windows/slice.htm Retrieved
  7. ^ a b {{ #if: Grewal | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Grewal | Grewal{{ #if: J. S. | , J. S. }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Grewal | Grewal{{ #if: J. S. | , J. S. }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Grewal | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 2019-07-25 | (2019-07-25) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: Grewal | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&dq=bhai+sangat+rai&pg=PT64 | Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk | Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Oxford University Press | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Oxford University Press }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-0-19-099038-1 | . ISBN 978-0-19-099038-1 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&dq=bhai+sangat+rai&pg=PT64 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  8. ^ Bachitar Natak: Killing of Hussaini and of Kirpal - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia. https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Bachitar_Natak:_Killing_of_Hussaini_and_of_Kirpal Retrieved
  9. ^ https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021019/windows/slice.htm https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021019/windows/slice.htm Retrieved
  10. ^ {{ #if: Grewal | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Grewal | Grewal{{ #if: J. S. | , J. S. }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Grewal | Grewal{{ #if: J. S. | , J. S. }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Grewal | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 2019-07-25 | (2019-07-25) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: Grewal | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&q=sangat+singh+battle+of+chamkaur&pg=PT120 | Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk | Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Oxford University Press | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Oxford University Press }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-0-19-099038-1 | . ISBN 978-0-19-099038-1 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&q=sangat+singh+battle+of+chamkaur&pg=PT120 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  11. ^ Martyrdom Day of Baba Sangat Singh | State Level Function | NRI Affairs Department http://nripunjab.gov.in/baba-sangat-singh.htm Retrieved
  12. ^ {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: | {{{last}}}{{ #if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: | {{{last}}}{{ #if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 2014-06-11 | (2014-06-11) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&dq=sangat+singh+disguise&pg=PA274 | Historical Dictionary of Sikhism | Historical Dictionary of Sikhism }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Rowman & Littlefield | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Rowman & Littlefield }}{{ #if: 274 | , 274 }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-1-4422-3601-1 | . ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&dq=sangat+singh+disguise&pg=PA274 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: SANGAT SINGH (?–1705). According to a strong Sikh tradition, Sangat Singh was the Sikh who bore a striking resemblance to Guru Gobind Singh. As such, during the Battle of Chamkaur, when only the Guru and five Sikhs remained alive, the five Sikhs acting as Panj Piare commanded the Guru to escape; Sangat Singh then disguised himself as the Guru. After the Guru Sahib and three of his Sikhs escaped under the cover of night, the Mughal and Pahari force stormed the fortress. Tradition speaks of Sangat Singh’s extraordinary ability in fighting off the horde but ultimately he was cut down although he initially fooled the opposing soldiers by his disguise. |  “SANGAT SINGH (?–1705). According to a strong Sikh tradition, Sangat Singh was the Sikh who bore a striking resemblance to Guru Gobind Singh. As such, during the Battle of Chamkaur, when only the Guru and five Sikhs remained alive, the five Sikhs acting as Panj Piare commanded the Guru to escape; Sangat Singh then disguised himself as the Guru. After the Guru Sahib and three of his Sikhs escaped under the cover of night, the Mughal and Pahari force stormed the fortress. Tradition speaks of Sangat Singh’s extraordinary ability in fighting off the horde but ultimately he was cut down although he initially fooled the opposing soldiers by his disguise.” }} </in
  13. ^ {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: | {{{last}}}{{ #if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: | {{{last}}}{{ #if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 2016-09-27 | (2016-09-27) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=J1cBDgAAQBAJ&dq=sangat+singh+chamkaur&pg=PA306 | Sicques, Tigers or Thieves: Eyewitness Accounts of the Sikhs (1606-1810) | Sicques, Tigers or Thieves: Eyewitness Accounts of the Sikhs (1606-1810) }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Springer | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Springer }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-1-137-11998-8 | . ISBN 978-1-137-11998-8 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=J1cBDgAAQBAJ&dq=sangat+singh+chamkaur&pg=PA306 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  14. ^ {{ #if: Grewal | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Grewal | Grewal{{ #if: J. S. | , J. S. }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Grewal | Grewal{{ #if: J. S. | , J. S. }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Grewal | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 2019-07-25 | (2019-07-25) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: Grewal | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&dq=sangat+singh+chamkaur&pg=PT120 | Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk | Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Oxford University Press | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Oxford University Press }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-0-19-099038-1 | . ISBN 978-0-19-099038-1 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&dq=sangat+singh+chamkaur&pg=PT120 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  15. ^ {{ #if: Singh | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Singh | Singh{{ #if: Sarbpreet | , Sarbpreet }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Singh | Singh{{ #if: Sarbpreet | , Sarbpreet }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Singh | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 2021-06-30 | (2021-06-30) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: Singh | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=NAwxEAAAQBAJ&dq=sangat+singh+chamkaur&pg=PT473 | The Story of the Sikhs: 1469-1708 | The Story of the Sikhs: 1469-1708 }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Penguin Random House India Private Limited | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Penguin Random House India Private Limited }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-93-5492-060-8 | . ISBN 978-93-5492-060-8 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=NAwxEAAAQBAJ&dq=sangat+singh+chamkaur&pg=PT473 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  16. ^ {{ #if: Grewal | {{ #if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{ #if: Grewal | Grewal{{ #if: J. S. | , J. S. }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{ #if: Grewal | Grewal{{ #if: J. S. | , J. S. }} | {{{author}}} }} }} }}{{ #if: Grewal | {{ #if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{ #if: | [{{{origdate}}}] | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | [{{{origmonth}}} {{{origyear}}}] | [{{{origyear}}}] }} }} }}{{ #if: 2019-07-25 | (2019-07-25) | {{ #if: | {{ #if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}{{ #if: Grewal | . }}{{ #if: | "{{ #if: | [{{{chapterurl}}} {{{chapter}}}] | {{{chapter}}} }}",}}{{ #if: | in {{{editor}}}: }} {{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&q=sangat+singh+battle+of+chamkaur&pg=PT120 | Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk | Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk }}{{ #if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{ #if: | , {{{others}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{edition}}} }}{{ #if: | , {{{series}}} }}{{ #if: en | (in en) }}{{ #if: Oxford University Press | {{#if: | , | . }}{{ #if: | {{{location}}}: }}Oxford University Press }}{{ #if: | , {{{page}}} }}{{ #if: | . DOI:{{{doi}}} }}{{ #if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{ #if: 978-0-19-099038-1 | . ISBN 978-0-19-099038-1 }}{{ #if: | . OCLC {{{oclc}}} }}{{ #if: https://books.google.com/books?id=YDLNDwAAQBAJ&q=sangat+singh+battle+of+chamkaur&pg=PT120 | {{ #if: | . Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] | {{ #if: | . Retrieved {{ #if: | on [[{{{accessmonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}]] | during [[{{{accessyear}}}]] }}}} }} }}.{{ #if: |  “{{{quote}}}” }} </in
  17. ^ Bhai Sangat Singh Khalsa College,Banga || Best College in SBS Nagar http://www.bsskc.org/ Retrieved
  18. ^ http://nripunjab.gov.in/baba-sangat-singh.htm http://nripunjab.gov.in/baba-sangat-singh.htm Retrieved
  19. ^ [citation needed]
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