Attending a Sikh Wedding
If you are invited to a Sikh wedding, don’t panic, below is a brief guide to what to expect and what to wear. A Sikh wedding is a long affair so be prepared to start early and finish late. However, it is possible to attend just the formal religious wedding itself or just the lunch and gathering in the afternoon. Check with the host to clarify the exact programme.
The Wedding day protocol usually consists of:
1. Departure of Barat: Barat is the term used to describe the party from the Grooms side. The Barat will leave from the Groom's house to the Gurdwara, usually near the Bride's house, where the actual wedding will take place. The arrangements for the rest of the day are normally made entirely by the Bride's family. However, some of this is now changing. If the groom lives far from the bride's house, the Barat may depart early in the morning. It is common for the Barat to set off from the groom's house at 8am. The Barat will then travel to the local area where the bride lives.
2. Reception of Barat: The Groom's party is "received" by the Bride's party at the Gurdwara. This usually takes place at about 9.30am.
3. Milnea: (means "Introductions") The Ardas will be performed by the priest (Giani) followed by the formal introductions of the main male players in the families. This will include the bride's & groom's father, grandfather and Mama - (mother's brother). They will formally meet, exchange garlands (and gifts) and have their photographs taken. This normally takes place in the foyer area of the Gurdwara at about 10am.
4. Tea: Tea with savouries (normally samosa, pakoras) and sweets (generally jalebis, ladoos and barfi) will be served and are normally taken standing at tables. Chairs are seldom provided. Both the Grooms side and Brides side would take tea in turn and this would be concluded at about 10.30am.
5. Main Wedding Ceremony (Anand Karaj)
This is the formal part of the ceremony and always takes place in a Gurdwara. After tea, at about 11am, everyone proceeds to go into the Darbar sahib or main prayer hall. Please observe the rules applicable which are described at Visiting a Gurdwara. Also described here is the type of clothing that should be worn. Please note that you will be required to remove your shoes and cover your head in an appropriate manner before entering the main hall. Proceed into the darbar sahib paying attention to and observing the etiquette appropriate in the Darbar Hall. Please show respect to the Guru Granth Sahib as the Guru is held in high esteem by the Sikhs. Once in the main hall, you will be expected to sit on the carpeted floor for at least 45 minutes. It is essential that suitable clothing be worn. The formal part of the wedding ceremony normally begins end at about 1pm. and comprises of the following functions:
a. Kirtan - The singing of the Holy Hymns - Gurbani. As you enter the darbar hall, musical singing of sacred hymns from the holy scriptures will already be taking place. The Kirtaini jatha (religious singers) will be seated on a stage in front of the hall next to the central stage of the Guru. The Guru Granth Sahib will be attended by a Sewadar (volunteer Sikh) or Giani (priest) who will be waving a Chaur over the Guru. After several Shabads (hymns) have been sang, the priest (Giani) or the stage secretary will announce the timetable for the formal part of Anand Karaj ceremony in the darbar hall.
b. Ardas – Key People (Bride, groom, both parents of bride and groom) will stand straight with folded hands and join in this prayer.
c. Palla - The bride's father will formally hand the end of the sash, which the bridegroom wears over his shoulder into the hands of the bride. At the same time the shabad "Palla tanda lagee" is sung by the Kirtania jatha (musicians).
c. Laava – The Bride and Groom will walk in tow around the SGGS four times at the set intervals. First the priest will read a Laav (one of four) from the Guru Granth Sahib; then the musicians will sing the same laav while the Bride and Groom will circle the Guru in a clockwise direction.
d. Ardas – All the congregation will stand and join in the ardas followed by Hukamnama
e. Sagaan – The parents of Bride and Groom followed by key people and the congregation will bless the newly wedded and give gifts or money and have photos taken.
f. Kara Parshad – Blessed "Sweet pudding" is served. This ends the formal part of the Sikh wedding ceremony.
6. Lunch: Previously this used to be Langar at the Gurdwara but now it is lunch at a commercial venue. When held in a commercial venue, it is like a normal "dinner & dance" type of event. Loud "Bhangra" music is played and alcohol and meat may be served!
7. Departure of Doli: The bride changes into new clothes that are presented to her by the groom's family. She will then departs from her parent's house (a very sad and touching occasion).
8. Reception: (Optional) This may be held on the same day or another day and is an evening "dinner and dance" type occasion, sometimes not too formal (please check with the party) where only invited guests from both familes can attend.
