Gurmukhi Pronunciation: Difference between revisions
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This section completed with help from [http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/01_paath01.htm www.5abi.com] | This section completed with help from [http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/01_paath01.htm www.5abi.com] | ||
==See also== | |||
* [[Learn Gurmukhi]] | |||
* [[Gurmukhi]] | |||
* [[Painti Akhri]] | |||
* [[Gurmukhi Script]] | |||
* [[Gurmukhi Pronunciation]] | |||
* [[Gurmukhi Letters]] | |||
* [[Gurmukhi to English]] | |||
* [[Gurmukhi Alphabet]] | |||
* [[Gurmukhi Text]] | |||
* [[Words in the Guru Granth Sahib]] | |||
* [[List of Punjabi computing resources]] | |||
===Banis in Gurmukhi=== | |||
* [[Japji Sahib in Gurmukhi]] | |||
* [[Jaap Sahib in Gurmukhi]] | |||
* [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji| SGGS page by page]] (pending) | |||
===Setting up Gurmukhi facility on your Computer=== | |||
* [[SikhiWiki:Using Punjabi on SikhiWiki|Using Punjabi on SikhiWiki]] | |||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Enabling_complex_text_support_for_Indic_scripts Enabling complex text] | |||
* [[Gurmukhi keyboard layout]] | |||
==External Links== | |||
* [http://www.orkut.co.in/Community.aspx?cmm=54250402 To join Gurmukhi Language community, please click here ] | |||
===Learning Tools=== | |||
* [http://www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org/animated_stories.html Learn Gurmukhi and Panjabi for advanced learning centre of Panjabi University patiala site ] | |||
* [http://www.rajkaregakhalsa.net/punjabi.htm Learn Gurmukhi lessons from letters to sentences to Shabads - Sound and Graphics] | |||
* [http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/ Free online Diaspora Punjabi (Gurmukhi) lessons] | |||
* [http://www.punjabonline.com/servlet/library.language?Action=Main Learn Gurmukhi - Sound and Graphics] | |||
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/gurmuki.htm omniglot.com] | |||
===Unicode Gurmukhi=== | |||
* [http://guca.sourceforge.net/ Punjabi Computing Resource Centre web site] | |||
* [http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/gurmukhi.html Test for Unicode support in Web browsers] | |||
* [http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr24/charts/ScriptChart35.html Unicode script chart] | |||
===Conversion tool=== | |||
* [http://punjabi.aglsoft.com/punjabi/converter/?show=text Punjabi Font Converter] This is an online utility which will allow the conversion of ASCII based Gurmukhi characters to Unicode. So for example the phrase : siqgur pRswid will be converted to ਸਤਿਗਰ ਪਰਸਾਦਿ | |||
* [http://guca.sourceforge.net/applications/guca/ Application to convert ASCII encoded, font-based Gurmukhi text (usually Punjabi/Panjabi) into Unicode.] | |||
===Dictionary & Translation tools=== | |||
{{Template:Dictionary & Translation tools}} | |||
===History of Script=== | |||
* [http://ancientscripts.com/sa_ws.html Ancient scripts] [http://ancientscripts.com/landa.html Landa script] | |||
* [http://www.ukindia.com/zalph.htm Indian alphabet comparison page] | |||
* [http://www.koausa.org/Languages/Sharda.html Sharda script] | |||
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/brahmi.htm Brahmi script] [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sharda.htm Sharda script] | |||
* [http://punjabiworld.com/news/Creative-Punjab/gurmukhi.html History of Landa and Gurmukhi Script] | |||
==Typing== | |||
* [http://kaulonline.com/uninagari/gurumukhi/ The no frills Indic typewriter] | |||
===Translation tools=== | |||
* [http://www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org/ Dr. G. S. Lehal's site with translation tools] | |||
==References== | |||
*1. Singh , G.B., Gurmukh] Lipi da Janarn te Vikds. Chandigarh, 1972 | |||
*2. Teja Singh, Sahit Darshan. Paliala, 1951 | |||
*3. Bedi, Tarlochan Singh , Punjabi Vaiiak da Alochnatmak Adhyan. Delhi, n.d. | |||
*4. Arun, V.B., Panjabi Bhasha da ftihds. Ludhiana, 1956 | |||
*5. Bedi, Kala Singh, Panjabi Bhashn da Vikds. Delhi, 1971 | |||
*6. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar, ed., The Cultural IIni/nge of India. Calculla, 1978 | |||
*7. Grierson, G.A., Linguistic Sumey of India. Calcutta, 1916 | |||
*8. Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. & | |||
*9. Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972. | |||
[[Category:Gurmukhi]] | [[Category:Gurmukhi]] |
Latest revision as of 19:30, 23 November 2013
Pronunciation of Gurmukhi Letters:
The list below explains the way the various Gurmukhi letters are pronounced.
ੳ ਅ ੲ ਸ ਹ ਕ ਖ ਗ ਘ ਙ ਚ ਛ ਜ ਝ ਞ ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ ਯ ਰ ਲ ਵ ੜ
Letter | Pronunciation |
ਸ | is pronounced like the s in snake |
---|---|
ਹ | is pronounced like h as in hot |
ਕ | is said like k as in kite |
ਖ | does not have an English equivalent, but is pronounced like kh as in khaki. |
ਗ | is pronounced as g as in goat. |
ਘ | is the same as gh in ghost. |
ਙ | is pronounced like the middle of Penguin or the end in wing. |
ਚ | is pronounced as ch as in the word cheat. |
ਛ | is pronounced like sh as in shower, robustly aspirated |
ਜ | is pronounced like j as in Jungle, the tongue being positioned next to the lower teeth |
ਝ | is pronounced as jh robustly aspirated |
ਞ | is a sound not found in the western languages, and is uttered with a palatal sound |
ਟ | is pronounced like t as in the middle of the word constrain, with less discharge of breath and the tongue placed further back |
ਠ | sounds like the end of wheat, with the last letter robustly aspirated |
ਡ | is pronounced as d as in dumb, the d rounded heavily, however less expiration of breath and the tongue much further back |
ਢ | is pronounced as dh is in drummer robustly aspirated |
ਣ | is a retroflex nasal sound as in ' nah' if the 'a' was deleted |
ਤ | is softly unaspirated, being similar to a softly said 'Tim' |
ਥ | is pronounced as th as in the word third, but robustly aspirated |
ਦ | is pronounced as d as in then, with less expiration of breath |
ਧ | is pronounced dh as is like 'then', powerfully aspirated |
ਨ | is pronounced as n as in night, with the tongue firmly placed next to the teeth |
ਪ | is pronounced as p as in aspirin with less expiration of air |
ਫ | is pronounced as f as in fight, being the aspirated version of p |
ਬ | is pronounced as b as in bin and bat |
ਭ | is pronounced as bh as in bard, if the word was pronounced as a halfway between a p and bh |
ਮ | is pronounced as m as in marriage or mother |
ਯ | is pronounced as y as in yard |
ਰ | is pronounced as r as in matador or in razor , without dropping the r |
ਲ | is pronounced as l as in like or lion |
ਵ | pronounced as v and is a cross between a V in vexed and W in wart, without rounding the lips and without the upper teeth being grazed by the lower lip |
ੜ | the closest example to this is the English name ' Barrat', but said as if a h is placed in between the two R's |
ਸ਼ | is as in Shimmer |
ਖ਼ | As in the Scottish Loch |
ਗ਼ | as in gosh pronounced as if a h follows g |
ਜ਼ | as in Zebra |
ਫ਼ | As in Frankenstein |
This section completed with help from www.5abi.com
See also
- Learn Gurmukhi
- Gurmukhi
- Painti Akhri
- Gurmukhi Script
- Gurmukhi Pronunciation
- Gurmukhi Letters
- Gurmukhi to English
- Gurmukhi Alphabet
- Gurmukhi Text
- Words in the Guru Granth Sahib
- List of Punjabi computing resources
Banis in Gurmukhi
Setting up Gurmukhi facility on your Computer
External Links
Learning Tools
- Learn Gurmukhi and Panjabi for advanced learning centre of Panjabi University patiala site
- Learn Gurmukhi lessons from letters to sentences to Shabads - Sound and Graphics
- Free online Diaspora Punjabi (Gurmukhi) lessons
- Learn Gurmukhi - Sound and Graphics
- omniglot.com
Unicode Gurmukhi
- Punjabi Computing Resource Centre web site
- Test for Unicode support in Web browsers
- Unicode script chart
Conversion tool
- Punjabi Font Converter This is an online utility which will allow the conversion of ASCII based Gurmukhi characters to Unicode. So for example the phrase : siqgur pRswid will be converted to ਸਤਿਗਰ ਪਰਸਾਦਿ
Dictionary & Translation tools
- Powerful Gurmukhi to Punjabi Dictionary by SriGranth.org
- Gaini Kirpal Singh's Punjabi Thesaurus
- Gurmukhi-Shahmukhi-English Online Multimedia Dictionary by Punjabi University, Patiala
- Alphabatic Search by PunjabiDictionary.com
- Punjabi Dictionary by PunjabOnline.com
- Multimedia enabled Punjabi (Gurmukhi & Shahmukhi) to English Dictionary by LearnPunjabi.org
- English-Punjabi Administrative Terms by Bhasha Vibhag, Punjab
- Punjabi-English and English-Punjabi Dictionaries by TamilCube
- Translate Punjabi to English (From Gurmukhi) with Translatiz
- Webtran Punjabi to English translator
- Easyhindityping Punjabi To English Translation
- Typing Baba
- Indiatyping.com
- Lingvanex
- Online Marathi Typing
Downloadable
- Punjabi-English Dictionary (Download) Distributed by MCIT, Govt. of India
- Punjabi Kosh - English to Punjabi Dictionary (Download) by Noah Hart
- Mahan Kosh Encyclopedia (Download) at ik13.com
More resources
- Punjabi Software Tools & Resources by Punjabi University, Patiala
History of Script
- Ancient scripts Landa script
- Indian alphabet comparison page
- Sharda script
- Brahmi script Sharda script
- History of Landa and Gurmukhi Script
Typing
Translation tools
References
- 1. Singh , G.B., Gurmukh] Lipi da Janarn te Vikds. Chandigarh, 1972
- 2. Teja Singh, Sahit Darshan. Paliala, 1951
- 3. Bedi, Tarlochan Singh , Punjabi Vaiiak da Alochnatmak Adhyan. Delhi, n.d.
- 4. Arun, V.B., Panjabi Bhasha da ftihds. Ludhiana, 1956
- 5. Bedi, Kala Singh, Panjabi Bhashn da Vikds. Delhi, 1971
- 6. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar, ed., The Cultural IIni/nge of India. Calculla, 1978
- 7. Grierson, G.A., Linguistic Sumey of India. Calcutta, 1916
- 8. Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. &
- 9. Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972.