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...the Air Force in January, 2002 (the highest rank ever given in the history of the Indian Air force).

...ed to Sikhism, during the late 1500s. Gurcharan Singh Virk joined the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh as a trooper in 1833 and served the Sikh State up to ...having visited Kabul several times. He possessed a strong physique capable of undertaking long and arduous journeys.

...espouse Kuka or [[Namdhari]] patriotism and reform during the latter part of the nineteenth century. ...his property and, accompanied by his two daughters, took to the preaching of Kuka tenets.

...ol the administration of the State of Lahore with a new council of regency of eight members. ...as to terminate on 4 September 1854 when the Maharaja would attain the age of sixteen.

...into existence in 1904 as Lyallpur District. Prior to that it was a Tehsil of Jhang District. ...ea was located between [[river Ravi]] and [[River Chenab]] and formed part of Rachna Doab.

...irect the publication of the subjoined letter from the Adjutant-General in India, submitting despatches from Major-General A. G. Yeatman-Biggs, C.B., Comman ...his appreciation of the conduct of these operations, and of the behaviour of the troops engaged.

...5 – 24 September 1856) was a British field marshal and Governor-general of India. ...]]'s division to advance.<ref name=odnb/> He was wounded again at [[Battle of Vitoria]] in 1813.<ref name=odnb/>

...rge Cross was awarded in four classes and only for extreme bravery in face of the enemy."'' World War I: Encyclopedia, pp 768, Spencer Tucker, Priscilla == Award of the Indian Order of Merit: Lieutenant-Governor's Citation ==

...itical Agency. As Resident at Delhi, he implemented the broad principles of Lord Wellesley's earlier policy towards [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and the ...luence in the cisSutlej region. The Report enunciated the broad principles of paramountcy and protection offered to protected chiefs.

...Wazir Khan. The 328-ft tower is dedicated to establishing the Sikh rule in India in 1711.

...Jhang district, now in [[Pakistan]]. Little is known about the early life of Kaura Mall. ...defeated, captured and executed. Zakariya Khan appointed Kaura Mall diwan of Multan.

|populated_states=[[Punjab (India)]] ...stern India. They are named after Jassa Singh Ramgarhia who was the leader of the Ramgarhia Misl.

...h roots going back to the earlier languages of Persia, India and the land of the five rivers. ...litical unrest in Gilgit-Baltistan'', the word miri is defined as “…a type of feudal system”.

...lsa College ([[Amritsar]]) and in the Punjab Historical Studies Department of Punjabi University ([[Patiala]]). ...storical information it contains appears to be based on personal knowledge of the author and is on the whole correct and useful.

...nment College Chandigarh, where he was a ''Gold Medalist'' in the subject of History. ...ad the peaceful struggle in [[Punjab]] to achieve a “buffer state” between India and Pakistan.

|populated_states=[[Punjab (India)]] ...stern India. They are named after Jassa Singh Ramgarhia who was the leader of the Ramgarhia Misl. The Sub Caste Lohar, also related to Vishwakarma God

...and entreated that he be appointed governor of the Punjab for a tribute of 5, 00, 000 rupees annually which proposition was not acceptable to the Shah ...st Nizam ud'Din under Fateh Singh Kalianvala, who laid siege to the town of Kasur.

.... But today, Ramgarhia is associated mainly with the Tarkhan tribe because of its later famous Misldhar, [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]], who was a [[Tarkhan]] ...khs, today are pure Amritdhari, all the families are Amritdhari, about 99% of the Ramgarhia Sikhs, are Keshadhari, they do not cut their hair while 1% Ra

...ut five years later he returned to the Guru's court, entering the service of Sat [[Guru Gobind Rai]]. Gangu was blessed with a son he named Raj Kaul who ===Gangu's role in arrest of Mata Gujri and her grandsons===

...the Lok Sabha for the first time. He currently also serves as the chairman of the Punjab Urdu Academy. ...e, Preneet Kaur, served as an MP and was Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs from 2009 to 2014.

...ated at Hyderabad, Guntur district in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]]. ...of the British Crown Jewels when Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India in 1877.

...r was the passage these early settlers used to come to Golden. Main source of employment for them was Columbia River Lumber Mill. ...ctoria's Golden Jubilee in the UK went through Canada on their way back to India. These Sikhs were told that Canada's farm land is just like in Punjab and e

...671 to 1675. He was a harsh man and was forcible converting many thousands of non-Muslims to Islam. ...u masses, Guru replied "Such activities can only be stopped by a sacrifice of a great person".

...und: transparent; font-size: 1em;text-align:center " | 30th Chief Minister of Punjab<br> | [[Chandigarh]] Capital of Haryana and also Punjab.

...unjab. The Sikhs were completely defeated, making this the decisive battle of the First Anglo-Sikh War. ...ing the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839 and provocations by the British East India Company, led to the Khalsa invading British territory.

...nd his men died fighting to a man. This was sometime during the first half of January 1752. 4. Teja Singh and Ganda Singh, A Short History of the Sikhs. Bombay, 1950

...g|thumb|400px|right|Scene of the Jallianwala massacre in 1919 in Amritsar, India]] ...halsa]] ([[Vaisakhi]] day). 1300 Punjabi's were assembled in the Bagh, out of 1300, 799 Sikhs attained martyrdom, while the remaining 501 were either Hin

...The college's foundation stone was laid in 1892, it has since become one of the eminent [[Sikhism|Sikh]] educational institutions. ...l]] force of 7,000 troops mounted a surprise attack on Amritsar. A force of 700 [[Sikhs]] defeated the much larger Mughal army.

...to the south, [[Pakistan]] to the north and west and the People's Republic of China to the north-east and east. ...stitute 66% of the population in Jammu), [[Buddhist]]s (who constitute 50% of the population in Ladhakh), and [[Sikh]]s.

...:कशढ़मीरी पणढ़डित / ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ ਪੰਡਿਤ ) refers to a person who belongs to a sect of [[Hindu]] [[Brahmin]]s originating from [[Kashmir]], a mountainous region i ==Kashmiri Pandits & The Great Sacrifice of Guru Teg Bahadur==

...s still available as a short road nearby. It houses the samadh (tombstone) of Bhai Maharaj Singh Ji, the Sikh freedom fighter, after it was brought to th ...Singapore that any prayer would be granted through the divine intervention of Bhai Maharaj. It was only after his tomb was kept in this Gurdwara that it

...reached the zenith of their power, the Sikhs, caught in the pincer grip of [[Mughal]] and [[Afghan]] persecutors, were still struggling for survival. ...lready being paid by the day, demanded a share proportionate to the number of troops.

...e along with her groom and the marriage party, left to head to the village of her in-laws. ...and begged them to let her go with her groom. The dacoits dragged her out of the palanquin and presented her to their chief. He said, “Detain her for

...also replaced by Pundit Bhajan Lal of Farukhabad. Bhajan Lal was a product of American Mission School and he used to recite Bible to young Duleep Singh. ...o Christianity. It is interesting to note that even despite the conversion of Duleep Singh to Christianity his hair were not shorn for full one year and

...lso fought in [[Kashmir]] in 1819. He led Sikh forces against Sayyid Ahmad of Bareilly who had during the years 1826-31 carried on in the trans-Indus reg ...t day Mehraj village, In present day Bathinda District of the Malva region of Punjab.

...was as weak as that of the Delhi Emperor. There was hardly any collection of state revenues. The soldiers had not been paid for several years, which in ...f Iran In 1736, when the boy King died, Nadir assumed the title of Emperor of Iran.

[[File:Punjab map.jpg|thumb|300px|{{c|map showing location of Fatehgarh sahib}}]] ...district, one of the twenty districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India.

...paigns, notably like the campaign of Multan, campaign of Kashmir, Campaign of the frontier province. ...n of a immpressive ceremony and display. Both sides met on the either side of Satluj with their full forces. Sham Singh Attariwala was in the forefront e

|align=center| 1398 || Birth of Bhagat [[Kabir]] Ji. |align=center| 1469 || Birth of [[Guru Nanak Dev]]

...the Tiger Hunt) is situated in [[Machkund]], in Dhaulpur, [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. This [[Gurdwara]] is connected to the sixth Guru, Shri [[Guru Hargobind] ...and stayed in Bhamtipura village. The head of that area informed Jahangir of a deadly lion stalking the local villagers and asked the Emperor to save th

...Lahore Darbar" is not used even in British records until after the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. ...ard, Court, Avitabile and Ventura, the architects of the Europeanized wing of the Darbar's army were Christians.

...de of the border is [[Dera Baba Nanak]] [1Km. from Border] in the district of [[Gurdaspur]]. The shrine is located about 3 kms from the Indo-Pakistan bor ...h]]. Recently, there has been lobbying to open the corridor for Sikhs from India to visit the shrine without any hindrance or visa. It lies only 3km from th

...h Khan Najeebabadi, an Indian historian of Islam, wrote that they entered India thru Debal, Sindh with Muhammad Bin Qasim in 92 Hijri (711CE). He refered t ...eans that they could not be of Indian ancestary. This is more true because of the fact that even today '''Arains''' don't like to marry outside their cla

...Maharaja Ranjit Singh, there were several attempts to raise the old glory of the Khalsa. Several movements to reform Sikhism were started. First one be ..." because of their peculiar style they used in reciting Gurbani (Sayings of the Gurus). This style was in a high pitched voice, called Kook in punjabi,

...hmir.jpg|thumb|220px|Gulab Singh of Kashmir.<br><small>From the collection of the V&A Museum.</small>]] ...le the state, the second-largest principality under the British Raj, until India gained its independence in 1947.

For those of us who've been to Sree Darbaar Sahib Amritsar, we may have noticed a sign o ...ct. All the people described this supernatural scene as the wondrful doing of Sri Guru Ram Das himself" (translation based on one in Strange but True in

[[Image:Dr Manmohan Singh PM.jpg|thumb|Dr. Manmohan Singh, India's fourteenth Prime Minister |right]] ...er]] [[1932]]) is the 14th and current Prime Minister of the [[Republic of India]]. He is the first Indian Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return t

...erce persecution which overtook the Sikhs made the immediate reformation of a similar force impossible, yet the Sikh warriors in small groups continue ...(d. 1734), an elderly Sikh, acted on such occasions as the common leader of the entire congregation.

...belonged to the Saddozai section of the Popalzai clan of the Abdali tribe of Afghans. ...and quickly rose from the position of a personal attendant to the command of Nadir's Abdali contingent in which capacity he accompanied the Persian conq

...ru principality subsequently became part of the vast kingdom called Trigat of which Jalandhar was the capital. ...inated to it and included in what was called Sirhind sarkar of the [[Subah of Delhi]].

...Singh, was a civilian, parliamentarian and intellectual, who was a master of manysided learning. Besides Sikh theology, he was vastly learned in philos A distinguished linguist he had mastered several of the languages of the east and the west. Besides English, which he could spin around his fing

...Governor VP Singh Badnore and CM Amarinder Singh lay the foundation stone of 26 projects at Sultanpur Lodhi on Friday, 23-Nov-2018. Tribune Photo: Malki ...odhi]] in [[Kapurthala]] district, where [[Nanak Dev]] spent over 14 years of his early life, the Captain exhorted the people to reconnect with his teach

...[[1924]] for the restoration to his throne of [[Maharaja Ripudaman Singh]] of [[Nabha]], a Sikh princely state in the [[Punjab]]. ...Morcha and donned a black turban as a mark of protest against the massacre of the reformists at [[Nankana Sahib]]. His contacts with the Indian nationali

...te representative in Illinois General Assembly. He was the CEO and founder of a non-partisan political technology solutions firm, ElectionMall™ Technol ...icles. He served as an aide to the Lieutenant Governor and State Treasurer of Illinois.

* '''[[Establishment of Kartarpur|see also "Establishment of Kartarpur"]]''' ...Lahore-Chak Amru line. It lies in the tehsil Shakkar Garh district Narowal of West Punjab, about 60Km from [[Lahore]].

[[Image:A-portrait-of-Hari-Singh-3.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A Painting of the Sikh Lion Hari Singh Nalwa]] .... His father, Gurdial Singh Uppal, had taken part in many of the campaigns of the Sukkarchakkias [[Charat Singh Sukkarchakia]] and Mahari Singh.

...umb|450px|right|The Sri Darbar Sahib as it would have appeared in the Days of Maharaja Ranjit Singh ]] ...from the simple roots of pan (all) + hopla (arms, armor). It is the plural of Hoplon (weapon); ancient Greek warriors were called hoplites (weapon bearer

...son to enter British Columbia and had to have come via direct passage from India. These were very unreasonable laws as the average Indian only earned about ...an illegal voyage and the ship placed under police guard. The Sikh Police of Hong Kong were often used to terrorize prospective emigrants.

...ily Sikh Ardas (prayer). He compiled [[Dasam Granth]] which includes Banis of Guru Gobind Singh. ...ahadur]]’s visit to village Akoi/Malwa in 1665. Based on critical analysis of ancient Sikh writings, it appears that Bhai Mani Singh may have been born

...e one of the seven clans of the [[Mohyal]]s who are [[Saraswat Brahmins]] of the Punjab. The other six clans are Bali, Bhimwal, [[Datt]]/Dutt, Lau, [[Mo Chhibbers derive their [[gotra]] from Rishi [[Bhrigu]], one of the [[Saptarishi]]s .

...H LALOTRA<ref>https://risingkashmir.com/general-zorawar-singh-is-it-a-case-of-historical-negationism-ddf785ee-5280-4adf-ae7e-fe91d77f0eea</ref>. == Reality of Background ==

...used to say that had Lal Singh lived, no one would possibly have heard of the second maestro, Dhian Chand. ...d and arrested during a police baton charge on a procession in the streets of Montgomery.

'''Kashmir''' also known as Cashmere, os located in the north-western region of the [[Indian]] subcontinent. Historically the term Kashmir was used to refe ...Poonch, Muzafarabad, Jammu, Gilgit and Baltistan regions. The main "Valley of Kashmir" is a low-lying fertile region surrounded by magnificent mountains

...s. The gunman, Wade Michael Page, a white supremacist, shot several people of the [[Sikh]] faith at the Gurdwara, and also a responding police officer. A ...r Observer">{{cite news |titlePeace prayer and vigil in Surrey for victims of Wisconsin Sikh temple massacre |url=http://www.vancouverobserver.com/city/

...s. The gunman, Wade Michael Page, a white supremacist, shot several people of the [[Sikh]] faith at the Gurdwara, and also a responding police officer. A ...r Observer">{{cite news |titlePeace prayer and vigil in Surrey for victims of Wisconsin Sikh temple massacre |url=http://www.vancouverobserver.com/city/

{{p|Image:Patna.gif|Takhat Patna Sahib in Bihar State India.}} ...rly years here before moving to [[Anandpur]]. Besides being the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh, [[Patna]] was also honored by visits from [[Guru Nanak]]

...ish Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli proclaimed Queen Victoria "Empress of India" in 1877. Like all significant jewels, the Kohinoor has its share of legends. It is reputed to bring misfortune or death to any male who wears o

...ty of Jatt soldiers and Dalla Chaudhary. They both breaked the false pribe of Dalla Chaudhary and Jatt soldiers at Damdama Sahib Talwandi sabo.]] ...i ji, Rangretian daa Itihaas. Baba Dhir singh Rangreta was younger brother of Baba Bir Singh Rangreta and he was born in 1686 A.D.<ref>https://en.wikiped

...cal manpower to help Myanmar in scientific research. Under this agreement, India will get crude oil. ...an people. But to my surprise, Burmese people have no common heritage with India. Rather they have strong links with the Indo-Chinese races.

...hmir. Aru Ram had met [[Guru Har Rai]] and sought his blessing at the time of the latter's visit to Kashmir in 1660. ...ere losing their religion to the fanatic zeal and proletyzation activities of Islamic crusaders.

...ved in water as his name suggests (Jal=water, dhar=in). It was the capital of [[Punjab]] until 1953, when it was replaced by [[Chandigarh]]. Others say J ...ountry takes its name from the great Daitya King Danava Jalandhara the son of the [[Ganga]] by Ocean.

...nch ally of the British and lent his commanding influence to preach gospel of loyalty among Muslims. He first opened his campaign againt the Indian Natio ...and a legislative assembly and other democratic rights for the citizens of India)

...ition of the Granth, called the [[Adi Granth]]. He started the preparation of the Granth in August, [[1601]], and completed it 3 years later in [[August] ...[[Bhatinda]], [[Punjab]]. The scribe was [[Bhai Mani Singh]], a classmate of [[Guru Gobind Singh]].

...to the Indian people. The Secretary of State for India presented the terms of the Award to Parliament as command paper 4147, and they were published on 1 ...igious tradition such as Muslims and, at a later stage, Sikhs and sections of Hindus.

...947-1978. He was also the Editor of Singh Sabha Patrika a monthly magazine of Sikh history and divinity, from 1973-1988. ...f the Malerkotla state of yore in Mera Pind, a book that enjoys the status of a classic today, and the book, in turn, immortalises its writer Giani Gurd

...e program of an unusual communal outfit - the Congress Party). In the case of anti Sikh riots it was a temporary phenomenon, where every Sikh youth with ...ttal will in no way reassure the families of the riot-affected. The timing of this verdict is also particularly piquant, coming as it does after the Guja

...illed Mohammedan painter of some repute. From Alam he learnt the rudiments of the art; later he accompanied Mohammed Alam to Bombay where the latter had ...sh prize of Rs. 500 at an exhibition held at Simla. This was the beginning of a fruitful life which thrust the simple Punjabi village boy to world fame.

[[Image:Killingsofkamagata.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Artist's depiction of the Massacre at Budge Budge]] ...lled Budge Budge, about seventeen miles away from its original destination of Calcutta.

==Early in the year of 1739== ...o are these bold mischief-makers"? Zakriya Khan replied, "They are a group of fakirs who visit their Guru's tank at Amritsar twice a year. After bathing

...lf a Muhammadan woman, whom he attached to him rather by ties of love than of law, and upon this he was abandoned by his followers. ...taken unto himself a Muhammadan woman bound to him by no bonds save those of lucre and ephemeral affection.

...ge:Wadda_ghalughara.JPG|thumb|A painting of one of the two great Massacres of the Sikhs]] ! colspan="2" |Battle of Kup

{{p3|Image:SARBJEET 13E.jpg| '''[[A statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh seated on his unique golden throne (now in London)]]' ...any opportunity to snatch the rich province from the Durranis, the rulers of Afghanistan.

...Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh guards acting in the aftermath of [[Operation Bluestar]]. ...sident of the Congress Party, officially apologized in 1998 for the events of November, 1984.

...ev Ji, In 1585.jpg|thumb|300px|Guru Ka Bagh, Gurdwara related to the visit of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, In 1585]] ...he early 1920s, to seek justice, in regaining control of their own houses of worship.

|populated_states=[[Punjab (India)]] ...nown as Chamar. Nowadays people of this community do farming, large number of them are Governnent officials, Granthi in Gurudwaras and Prominent politici

{{p|File:Assam-map.gif|Map of Assam}} ...d cultures, peoples and climate with South-East Asia—important elements in India’s Look East policy.

...isited'''. A look at the actual history of one of the most shocking events of the independence struggle.''. '''Frontline'''. Vol. 14 :: No. 22 :: Nov. 1 ...and [[Sikhism]]. 'Ram' is God's name in Hinduism; 'Mohammed' is the name of the Muslim Prophet; 'Singh' is the name given to all baptised Sikh males (a

...ities of anti-Sikhs (jallad who beheaded 9th guru, etc) and conquered much of the present day Haryana. ...had rendered help to Bahadur Shah in the war of sucession after the death of Auranzeb, in which Bahadur Shah emerged as a victor. Bahadur Shah was reluc

[[Image:Akali_Phula_Singh_1.JPG|thumb|right|300px|A very old painting of AKALI PHULA SINGH printed in 1923]] ...d all the martial arts and ended up becoming the leader of the devout band of fearless fighters.

...li" which translates into "row of lamps". Diwali is an official holiday in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago, Suriname ...es the lighting of small clay lamps filled with oil to signify the triumph of good over evil. These lamps are kept on during the night and one's house i

...ਮਜਬੀ ਸਿੱਖ) (also spelt as Mazbhi, Mazbi, Majhabhi or Majabhi) are members of the Rangretta clan who embraced the sikh faith and are mainly found in the ...rength, resilience, orderliness, the ability to work hard for long periods of time, fighting tenacity and military strategy.

...ved and to discuss how Hari Singh Nalwa as able to consolidate the defence of the frontier in these areas. ...ry essential to comprehend the political situation and historic background of the trans-Indus territories.

1813: Maharaja Ranjit Singh obtained Kohinoor from Shahsuja Amir of Kabul. ...m Takhat Sri Kaesgadh Sahib, Anandpur Sahib to Jaito, under the leadership of Sardar Pratap Singh Khurdpuri.

...mage of General Adina Beg Zafar Jang Bahadur who belongs to Arain tribe of India/Pakistan which is a Muslim tribe. For more information see http://www.sikh- ...re]] in [[1801]]. The period is also sometimes described as the [[Misl|Age of the Misls]].

...he Gurdwara is in the Aberdeen Bazaar and caters to the Punjabi community of the {{w|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}. ...five respected Sikhs and their Sikh brothers and Sisters in the building of the Gurdwara. Practically everyone who lived in {{w|Port Blair}} devoted t

...ghal]] authority in the country. The 'Misldar' was the leader or commander of the 'Misl' or 'army group'. ...y, the word means "similitude, alike or equal", and "a file" or collection of papers bearing on a particular topic.

[[Image:Guru HarGobind Singh.jpg|thumb|200px|right|{{c|Father of Miri Piri, [[Guru Hargobind]]}}]] ...d to symbolize the concept of [[Piri]] or spiritual authority. The wearing of two swords was a departure from the previous Guruship tradition when only t

...ndus and Sikhs with the primitive fanaticism characteristic of the Muslims of this area. ...azara District to the Punjab, in the January of 1947 has already been told of.

This article is based on the information provided in the personal diary of Sardar Bahadur Gopal Singh, official record and family information. ...mvir Chakra/Victoria Cross), O.B.I (Order of British India) and given land of 150 acres at village Wagah in district Lahore, Pakistan in 1880. He passed

...Like the cities of Samarkand & Bokhara which declined due to the discovery of sea routes, Bhera too fell victim to a British Imperial order which brought ...ware, red ware and buff ware with red painted designs. A terracotta figure of an elephant has been collected. It is said that when Alexander entered Jhel