Gurmukhi Pronunciation: Difference between revisions

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This section completed with help from [http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/01_paath01.htm www.5abi.com]
This section completed with help from [http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/01_paath01.htm www.5abi.com]
==See also==
* [[Learn Gurmukhi]]
* [[Gurmukhi]]
* [[Painti Akhri]]
* [[Gurmukhi Script]]
* [[Gurmukhi Pronunciation]]
* [[Gurmukhi Letters]]
* [[Gurmukhi to English]]
* [[Gurmukhi Alphabet]]
* [[Gurmukhi Text]]
* [[Words in the Guru Granth Sahib]]
* [[List of Punjabi computing resources]]
===Banis in Gurmukhi===
* [[Japji Sahib in Gurmukhi]]
* [[Jaap Sahib in Gurmukhi]]
* [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji| SGGS page by page]] (pending)
===Setting up Gurmukhi facility on your Computer===
* [[SikhiWiki:Using Punjabi on SikhiWiki|Using Punjabi on SikhiWiki]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Enabling_complex_text_support_for_Indic_scripts Enabling complex text]
* [[Gurmukhi keyboard layout]]
==External Links==
* [http://www.orkut.co.in/Community.aspx?cmm=54250402 To join Gurmukhi Language community, please click here ]
===Learning Tools===
* [http://www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org/animated_stories.html Learn Gurmukhi and Panjabi for advanced learning centre of Panjabi University patiala site ]
* [http://www.rajkaregakhalsa.net/punjabi.htm Learn Gurmukhi lessons from letters to sentences to Shabads - Sound and Graphics]
* [http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/ Free online Diaspora Punjabi (Gurmukhi) lessons]
* [http://www.punjabonline.com/servlet/library.language?Action=Main Learn Gurmukhi - Sound and Graphics]
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/gurmuki.htm omniglot.com]
===Unicode Gurmukhi===
* [http://guca.sourceforge.net/ Punjabi Computing Resource Centre web site]
* [http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/gurmukhi.html Test for Unicode support in Web browsers]
* [http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr24/charts/ScriptChart35.html Unicode script chart]
===Conversion tool===
* [http://punjabi.aglsoft.com/punjabi/converter/?show=text Punjabi Font Converter] This is an online utility which will allow the conversion of ASCII based Gurmukhi characters to Unicode. So for example the phrase : siqgur pRswid will be converted to ਸਤਿਗ੝ਰ ਪ੝ਰਸਾਦਿ
* [http://guca.sourceforge.net/applications/guca/ Application to convert ASCII encoded, font-based Gurmukhi text (usually Punjabi/Panjabi) into Unicode.]
===Dictionary & Translation tools===
{{Template:Dictionary & Translation tools}}
===History of Script===
* [http://ancientscripts.com/sa_ws.html Ancient scripts] [http://ancientscripts.com/landa.html Landa script]
* [http://www.ukindia.com/zalph.htm Indian alphabet comparison page]
* [http://www.koausa.org/Languages/Sharda.html Sharda script]
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/brahmi.htm Brahmi script] [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sharda.htm Sharda script]
* [http://punjabiworld.com/news/Creative-Punjab/gurmukhi.html History of Landa and Gurmukhi Script]
==Typing==
* [http://kaulonline.com/uninagari/gurumukhi/ The no frills Indic typewriter]
===Translation tools===
* [http://www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org/ Dr. G. S. Lehal's site with translation tools]
==References==
*1. Singh , G.B., Gurmukh] Lipi da Janarn te Vikds. Chandigarh, 1972
*2. Teja Singh, Sahit Darshan. Paliala, 1951
*3. Bedi, Tarlochan Singh , Punjabi Vaiiak da Alochnatmak Adhyan. Delhi, n.d.
*4. Arun, V.B., Panjabi Bhasha da ftihds. Ludhiana, 1956
*5. Bedi, Kala Singh, Panjabi Bhashn da Vikds. Delhi, 1971
*6. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar, ed., The Cultural IIni/nge of India. Calculla, 1978
*7. Grierson, G.A., Linguistic Sumey of India. Calcutta, 1916
*8. Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. &
*9. Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972.
[[Category:Gurmukhi]]

Latest revision as of 19:30, 23 November 2013

Pronunciation of Gurmukhi Letters:

The list below explains the way the various Gurmukhi letters are pronounced.

ੳ ਅ ੲ ਸ ਹ ਕ ਖ ਗ ਘ ਙ ਚ ਛ ਜ ਝ ਞ ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ ਯ ਰ ਲ ਵ ੜ

Letter Pronunciation
ਸ is pronounced like the s in snake
ਹ is pronounced like h as in hot
ਕ is said like k as in kite
ਖ does not have an English equivalent, but is pronounced like kh as in khaki.
ਗ is pronounced as g as in goat.
ਘ is the same as gh in ghost.
ਙ is pronounced like the middle of Penguin or the end in wing.
ਚ is pronounced as ch as in the word cheat.
ਛ is pronounced like sh as in shower, robustly aspirated
ਜ is pronounced like j as in Jungle, the tongue being positioned next to the lower teeth
ਝ is pronounced as jh robustly aspirated
ਞ is a sound not found in the western languages, and is uttered with a palatal sound
ਟ is pronounced like t as in the middle of the word constrain, with less discharge of breath and the tongue placed further back
ਠ sounds like the end of wheat, with the last letter robustly aspirated
ਡ is pronounced as d as in dumb, the d rounded heavily, however less expiration of breath and the tongue much further back
ਢ is pronounced as dh is in drummer robustly aspirated
ਣ is a retroflex nasal sound as in ' nah' if the 'a' was deleted
ਤ is softly unaspirated, being similar to a softly said 'Tim'
ਥ is pronounced as th as in the word third, but robustly aspirated
ਦ is pronounced as d as in then, with less expiration of breath
ਧ is pronounced dh as is like 'then', powerfully aspirated
ਨ is pronounced as n as in night, with the tongue firmly placed next to the teeth
ਪ is pronounced as p as in aspirin with less expiration of air
ਫ is pronounced as f as in fight, being the aspirated version of p
ਬ is pronounced as b as in bin and bat
ਭ is pronounced as bh as in bard, if the word was pronounced as a halfway between a p and bh
ਮ is pronounced as m as in marriage or mother
ਯ is pronounced as y as in yard
ਰ is pronounced as r as in matador or in razor , without dropping the r
ਲ is pronounced as l as in like or lion
ਵ pronounced as v and is a cross between a V in vexed and W in wart, without rounding the lips and without the upper teeth being grazed by the lower lip
ੜ the closest example to this is the English name ' Barrat', but said as if a h is placed in between the two R's
ਸ਼ is as in Shimmer
ਖ਼ As in the Scottish Loch
ਗ਼ as in gosh pronounced as if a h follows g
ਜ਼ as in Zebra
ਫ਼ As in Frankenstein


This section completed with help from www.5abi.com

See also

Banis in Gurmukhi

Setting up Gurmukhi facility on your Computer

External Links

Learning Tools

Unicode Gurmukhi

Conversion tool

  • Punjabi Font Converter This is an online utility which will allow the conversion of ASCII based Gurmukhi characters to Unicode. So for example the phrase : siqgur pRswid will be converted to ਸਤਿਗ੝ਰ ਪ੝ਰਸਾਦਿ

Dictionary & Translation tools


Downloadable

More resources

History of Script

Typing

Translation tools

References

  • 1. Singh , G.B., Gurmukh] Lipi da Janarn te Vikds. Chandigarh, 1972
  • 2. Teja Singh, Sahit Darshan. Paliala, 1951
  • 3. Bedi, Tarlochan Singh , Punjabi Vaiiak da Alochnatmak Adhyan. Delhi, n.d.
  • 4. Arun, V.B., Panjabi Bhasha da ftihds. Ludhiana, 1956
  • 5. Bedi, Kala Singh, Panjabi Bhashn da Vikds. Delhi, 1971
  • 6. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar, ed., The Cultural IIni/nge of India. Calculla, 1978
  • 7. Grierson, G.A., Linguistic Sumey of India. Calcutta, 1916
  • 8. Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. &
  • 9. Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972.
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