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| [[Image:Kirpadutt.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Pandit Kirpa Ram with Kashmiri Pandits in [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]'s court.]] | | #redirect [[Pandit Kirpa Ram]] |
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| '''Pandit Kirpa Singh Dutt''' (born Kirpa Ram Dutt) was the son of Bhai Aru Ram, a Saraswati Brahmin of Matan, 65 km east of Srinagar, in Kashmir. Aru Ram had met [[Guru Har Rai]] and sought his blessing at the time of the latter's visit to Kashmir in 1660.
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| Kashmiri Brahmins, came to [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] at [[Anandpur]] in May [[1675]] for protection against atrocities of [[Aurangzeb]]. Kirpa Ram led this group of [[Kashmiri Pandits]] driven to dire straits by State Persecution. They had faced stiff taxes, atrocities, cruelty under Muslim Mughal governor of Kashmir. Honour of their daughters was being lost and they were losing their religion to the fanatic zeal and proletyzation activities of Islamic crusaders.
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| ==Background==
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| Iftikhar Khan, governor of Kashmir (1671-75) was a harsh man and was making forcible conversion to Islam. Kashmiri Brahmins asked Guru for a solution. Guru replied "Such activities can only be stopped by a sacrifice of a great person". Just then 8 years old son of [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]], [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Rai]] came along and saw his father in deep thoughts. He enquired about the reason.
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| He offered a possible solution by saying "who else is greater then you, O father". [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] knew immediately about his [[Dharma]]. He told Kashmiri Brahmins "Go tell Aurangzeb that if they can convert your Guru then you will all become Muslims." Kirpa Ram obliged and Aurangzeb issued summons for Guru. Guru performed the ceremony and declared that next Guru will be his son, Gobind Rai.
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| [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] whose help the visitors sought asked them to go and have it communicated to the Emperor that, if he ([[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]) was converted, they would all voluntarily accept conversion. Kirpa Ram and his companions sent to Emperor Aurungzeb a petition to that effect through Zalim Khan, a governor of Lahore.
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| ==Guru summoned to Delhi==
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| {{main|Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadar}}
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| [[Image:Rakab.jpg|left|200px|Gurdwara Rakab Sahib, Delhi]]
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| In the summer of 1675, the Guru, along with some of his companions were finally brought to Delhi and asked to '''convert to Islam or else face the penalty of death'''. Guru ji was also asked to perform a miracle. [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] averred that he would rather sacrifice his life than give up his faith and his freedom or belief or perform a miracle.
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| Thus, under Aurangzeb's orders, Guru ji and his companions were tortured. The Guru was chained and imprisoned in a cage and was tortured in the cruellest and the most inhuman ways for five long days. In order to terrorise him further into submission, one of his distinguished devotees ([[Bhai Mati Das]]) was sawn alive, another ([[Bhai Dyal Das]]) was boiled in the cauldron and the third ([[Bhai Sati Das]]) was roasted alive before the Guru.
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| [[Image:Sisganj.jpg|right|200px|Gurdwara Sis Ganj, Chandni Chowk, Delhi]]
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| Finally, the Guru himself was beheaded, under imperial warrant, in broad daylight, in the middle of a public square, the most prominent public place in India, called Chandni Chowk, of Delhi, on the charge that he was a stumbling block preventing the spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. '''The exact location of the beheading is marked by [[Gurdwara Sis Ganj]] in Delhi'''.
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| His martyrdom was yet another challenge to the Sikh conscience. It was then realized that there could be no understanding between an insensate power imbrued with blood and a proud people wedded to a life of peace with honour. The sacrifice roused the Hindus from their passive silence and gave them the fortitude to understand the power that comes from self-respect and sacrifice. '''Guru Tegh Bahadur thus earned the affectionate title of "Hind-di-Chadar" or the Shield of India'''.
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| ==Kirpa Ram returns to Anandpur==
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| After [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]'s arrest and martyrdom in [[Delhi]], Kirpa Ram returned to [[Anandpur]]. Gobind Rai became the tenth and final Guru in human form. [[Guru Gobind Singh]] writes in the [[Dasam Granth]] see [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=131 www.sridasam.org page 131]:
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| {{Quoter|Bachitar Nanak www.sridasam.org Page 131 |ਤਿਲਕ ਜੰਵੂ ਰਾਖਾ ਪਰਭ ਤਾ ਕਾ ॥ ਕੀਨੋ ਬਡੋ ਕਲੂ ਮਹਿ ਸਾਕਾ ॥ <br>
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| He protected the forehead mark and sacred thread (of the Hindus) which marked a great event in the Iron age. <br><br>
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| ਸਾਧਨ ਹੇਤਿ ਇਤੀ ਜਿਨਿ ਕਰੀ ॥ ਸੀਸ ਦੀਆ ਪਰ ਸੀ ਨ ਉਚਰੀ ॥੧੩॥ <br>
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| For the sake of saints, he laid down his head without even a sign.13. <br><br>
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| ਧਰਮ ਹੇਤਿ ਸਾਕਾ ਜਿਨਿ ਕੀਆ ॥ ਸੀਸ ਦੀਆ ਪਰ ਸਿਰਰ ਨ ਦੀਆ ॥ <br>
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| For the sake of Dharma, he sacrificed himself. He laid down his head but not his creed. <br><br>
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| ਨਾਟਕ ਚੇਟਕ ਕੀਝ ਕਕਾਜਾ ॥ ਪਰਭ ਲੋਗਨ ਕਹ ਆਵਤ ਲਾਜਾ ॥੧੪॥<br>
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| The saints of the Lord abhor the performance of miracles and malpractices. 14.}}
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| ==1699, Kirpa Ram becomes Kirpa Singh==
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| [[Guru Gobind Singh]] from 1675 until 1690 took an extensive courses in [[Sanskrit]], Persian, Arabic, and [[Punjabi]] in educating himself. According to chronicles, Pandit Kirpa Ram Dutt helped [[Guru Gobind Singh]] in his Sanskrit studies.
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| [[Guru Gobind Singh]] having contemplated the history of Sikhi, the martyrdom of [[Guru Arjan Dev]] (his great grand father), the martyrdom of[[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] (his father) decided to create the [[Khalsa]]. The [[Khalsa]] was created at [[Anandpur]] on March 31st 1699.
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| Pandit Kirpa Ram Dutt became Kirpa Singh after taking Khanda Bate da Pahul. In 1699 he received the holy Amrit and entered the fold of the Khalsa.
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| ==Kirpa Singh becomes a martyr himself ==
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| In 1705 A.D. the Mughal forces siege the fort of [[Anandpur]] and after many months the siege was lifted once Guru agreed to give up the fort of Anandpur in return for safe passage. However, the Mughals broke the promise and attacked the retreating [[Guru Gobind Singh]]'s forces. In this confusion, Guru's soldier and family departed in different directions.
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| [[Guru Gobind Singh]] along with his 40 Sikhs including Kirpa Singh and his the Guru's two sons [[Ajit Singh]], and [[Jujhar Singh]] came to the fort of Chamkaur. Mughals soon surrounded the small mud fort of Chamkaur. Guru and his Sikhs decided to face the battle in the batches of five soldiers each. Pandit Kirpa Singh Khalsa fell a martyr in the [[battle of Chamkaur]] on 7 December 1705.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadar]]
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| * [[Kashmiri pandits]]
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| * [[Guru Tegh Bahadar]]
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| * [[Vaisakhi 1699]]
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| * [[Battle of Chamkaur]]
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| [[Category:Early Gursikh Personalities]]
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| [[Category:Bhai]]
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