https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php?title=Special:NewPages&feed=atom&hidebots=1&hideredirs=1&limit=50&offset=&namespace=0&username=&tagfilter=&size-mode=max&size=0SikhiWiki - New pages [en]2024-03-29T02:35:37ZFrom SikhiWikiMediaWiki 1.39.7https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Baba_Narain_Singh_NabhaBaba Narain Singh Nabha2024-03-28T13:52:43Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "link=Special:FilePath/Photograph of Baba Narain Singh Nabha, father of Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha.jpg "Sh. Baba Narain Singh Father of Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha. Baba Narain Singh(1841-1916AD) was a man of saintly character and he succeeded to the charge of Gurdwara Dera Baba Ajaypal Singh at Nabha, after the deat..."</p>
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<div>[[Image:Photograph of Baba Narain Singh Nabha, father of Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha.jpg|thumb|160px|Photograph of Baba Narain Singh Nabha, father of Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha|link=Special:FilePath/Photograph of Baba Narain Singh Nabha, father of Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha.jpg]]<br />
"Sh. Baba Narain Singh Father of Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha. Baba Narain Singh(1841-1916AD) was a man of saintly character and he succeeded to the charge of Gurdwara Dera Baba Ajaypal Singh at Nabha, after the death of his grandfather Sarup Singh in 1861."<br />
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Thrice in his life he recited the Guru Granth Sahib in one sitting (Ati/Atee Akhand Path). An Atee Akhand Paathee is such Khalsa who can do the whole of Siri Akhand Paath Sahib in one sitting without stopping. This is completed usually in 9 Pehars (ਪਹਰ) or 27 hours<br />
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Once Maharaja Hira Singh of Nabha sat with him to listen to the Akhand Path recitation and on completion of the path was so happy that he offered Bhai Narain singh Nabha a Jagir (estate). On listening to the offer Bhai Narain Singh ji said – is that it ?<br />
Maharaja Hira singh thought – maybe Narain Singh wants more and said – ask anything bhai sahib ji ….<br />
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On listening to which Narain Singh ji said – this is the reason i do not do path at rich peoples home – they try to put a price tag ….. He then humbly requested “If you really want to give me something then PLEASE do ardas for me that Guru Sahib blesses me with his sewa and that he remains a humble servant of Guru Granth Sahib ji till the end”<br />
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As a mark of respect, Maharaja Hira Singh, on that occasion became one of Baba Narain Singh’s palanquin bearers.<br />
“Standing Lto R : Baba Budh Singh and Bhai Gopal Singh Sitting L to R : Bhai Mihan Singh (younger brother of Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha) with Child Bhagwant Singh Hari ji, Baba Narain Singh (Father of Bhai Kahan Singh), Baba Uttam Singh, Bhai Bishan Singh (Younger Brother of Bhai Kahan Singh)”<br />
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Bhai Kulbir Singh ji wrote briefly about baba jee:<br />
"Father of Sardar Kahn Singh Nabha, had whole of Guru Granth Sahib jee memorized and he was an “Atee Akhand Paathee”. An Atee Akhand Paathee is such Khalsa who can do the whole of Siri Akhand Paath Sahib in one sitting without stopping. Once the Nabha-pat (King of Nabha) asked Bhai Sahib (S. Kahn Singh’s father) to recite whole of Siri Akhand Paath in one sitting. Bhai Sahib agreed and he did the whole Akhand Paath in one sitting. He was a great gursikh. His name was Baba Narayan Singh."<br />
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Even pictures of Gursikhs brings anand to the mind!<br />
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Normally I don't think it is right to share openly things such as how much bani a certain Gursikh has kanth (memorized), time they get up for amritvela e.t.c. However once a Gursikh leaves this karam bhoomi (earth) it is ok to share their Gursikhi jeevan with others as this can inspire others towards Gurmat.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Maya_Singh_SainiMaya Singh Saini2024-03-23T10:00:52Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>[[Image:MayaSinghSaini.jpg|thumb|900px|Historical painting of a Sikh Ghorcharra or cavalryman. Maya Singh Saini participated as a Ghorcharra in the Anglo-Sikh wars. After the defeat of Sikhs he became an insurgent against the English occupation. He was finally arrested and incarcerated.|link=Special:FilePath/MayaSinghSaini.jpg]]<br />
'''Maya Singh Saini''', sometimes spelt as '''Mayya Singh Saini''', was a notable Indian freedom-fighter<ref name="India pp87">Freedom Struggle of India by Sikhs and Sikhs in India: The Facts World Must Know, pp87, By Gurdial Singh Grewal, Published by Sant Isher Singh Rarewala Education Trust, 1991, Item notes: v.1, Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized 2 Sep 2008</ref><ref>Kirpal Singh, Bhdl Maharaj Singh : Panjab de Modhi Swatantarta Sangramie. Amritsar, 1966.</ref><ref>Documents Relating to Bhai Maharaj Singh, Died as State Prisoner on 5 July 1856 at Singapur, pp 228, By Nahar Singh, Published by Sikh History Source Material Search Association, 1968, Original from the University of Michigan , Digitized 3 Aug 2007 389 pages</ref><ref>Sant Nihal Singh, Alias Bhai Maharaj Singh: A Saint-revolutionary of the 19th Century Punjab, pp 105 & 114, By M. L. Ahluwalia, Published by Punjabi University, 1972</ref><ref name = "Kripal"/> from Naushahra in [[Amritsar district]] of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. Maya Singh [[Saini]] was an initially a cavalryman and fought in the [[battle of Ramnagar]] on 22 November 1848 during the second Anglo-Sikh war. Although the battle of Ramnagar was inconclusive, the Sikh cavalry caused heavy damage to the British forces, which proved to be a great morale booster for the Sikhs.<br />
<br />
Thereafter he joined volunteer corps of Bhai Maharaj Singh, the leader of the popular revolt against the British. He participated in the '''battles''' of '''Sa`dullapur''' and '''Gujrat'''. After the defeat of the Sikh forces, Maya Singh was in Bhai Maharaj Singh's train at Sujoval near Balala. From the latter place he was sent to Lahore on a mission, and thus escaped arrest when Maharaja Bhagvan Singh and his companions were captured on the night of 28 and 29 December 1849. He, however, fell into the hands of the British soon afterwards his series of ambushes of British and Native Infantry and cavalry trains passing through [[Majha]] and [[Malwa]] 1849-1851.<ref name = "Kripal">Rebels Against the British Rule, pp 190, By Nahar Singh, Kirpal Singh, Published by Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 1989</ref></div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Dr._Sukhpreet_Singh_UdhokeDr. Sukhpreet Singh Udhoke2024-03-20T02:52:46Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* Contact Details */</p>
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<div>[[Image:Dr.Sukhpreet Singh Udhoke.jpg|thumb|900px|Dr.Sukhpreet Singh Udhoke|link=Special:FilePath/Dr.Sukhpreet Singh Udhoke.jpg]]<br />
[[Dr. Sukhpreet Singh Udhoke]] ([https://www.sukhpreetsinghudhoke.com/poetry-section ਡਾ. ਸੁਖਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਉਦੋਕੇ]) is a well-known personality currently working in the research field of [[Sikh history]]. He is also a Sikh Activist. Born into a Jat Family. He is the CEO of ITIHAS(Institute for Training Ideology Heritage and Artifacts of Sikhism) a Institution working on Sikh History. He was originally a student of medical sciences. He became an M.D. qualified doctor and serving wonderful services for his community as well. He completed his graduation from Government College, Sector 11, [[Chandigarh]]. His field of research is Historical Sikh Artifacts,Caste,Religion,Cultural,Gurbani,Historians,Cults-Sects,Philosophy,Political. By this way,he has written a book named "Tabey Ros Jaageo (Punjabi)".<ref>book|isbn = 0978162420</ref> and "1984 Teeja Ghalughara (Punjabi)"<ref>book|isbn = 9383116021</ref>. Along with this critical sikh history publication, he delivered thousands of lectures on history that reach the audience under his name through on youtube<ref>https://www.youtube.com/user/udhoke/videos|title=Dr.Sukhpreet Singh Udhoke|website=YouTube</ref><br />
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He is the author of 7 books, including Tabbe Ros Jageo, Vanjara Lubana Tvareekh, Att da Antt, Kujh khatt Babe nanak de naam and few more.[https://www.sukhpreetsinghudhoke.com/poetry-section]<br />
<br />
==Contact Details==<br />
'''Whatsapp''' :- +91 98722-72004<br />
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'''X''' :- [https://x.com/udhoke?s=09 @udoke]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Tagore_and_SikhiTagore and Sikhi2024-03-16T17:27:53Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>[[Image:Rabindranath, Tagore.jpg|thumb|900px|Rabindranath, Tagore|link=Special:FilePath/Rabindranath, Tagore.jpg]]<br />
Rabindranath, the youngest son of Maharshi Debendranath Tagore was born in Jorasanko on 25th Baisakh, 7th May 1861.Died on 7 August 1941 (aged 80) Rabindranath’s grandfather Prince Dwarkanath Tagore. As the thirteenth child in a wealthy, Bengali brahmin family that was devoutly Hindu yet also strongly political His father and grandfather were deeply involved with an emerging religious movement called the Brahmo Samaj Tagore was against the rituals and practices of Hinduism.<br />
==Rabindranath Tagore, Kashmir and the Sikhs==<br />
by Jasbir Singh Sarna<br />
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Source:-[https://www.sikhnet.com/news/rabindranath-tagore-kashmir-and-sikhs Sikhnet]<br />
It is interesting to note that Tagore had always been deeply influenced by the philosophy and history of Sikh religion. In 1885 Tagore wrote an essay 'Beer Guru' (valiant saint) which was his veneration of Guru Gobind Singh. Tagore wrote three poems on Guru Gobind Singh viz Nishfal-Hpahaar, (1888, Futile Gift), Guru Gobinda (1899) and Shesh Shiksha (1899, last teachings). <br />
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In his another poem 'Prarthonate Daan', the inspiring story of Bhai Taru Singh is mentioned who was executed by the Mughal Governor. In his yet another all-time classic poem 'Bondi Bir' he eulogizes Sikh valor and pays a poetic tribute to "Baba Banda Singh Bahadur", the military commander of Guru Gobind Singh. The famous Punjabi artist Sir Sobha Singh (1901-1886) and renowned folk song compiler Devendra Satyarthi were also deeply influenced by Tagore and adopted Tagore's ideals and even his looks.<br />
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Rabindra Nath Tagore was always an inspiration for Punjabi intellectuals, to boost their mother tongue Punjabi. He inspired Dr Allama Iqbal and the actor Balraj Sahni including many others to love their mother tongue. In one meeting he told harshly to Balraj Sahni, "Hindi is not your mother tongue you are Punjabi. Why are you not writing in Punjabi language I am writing in Bengali, which is regional language. In spite of that, not only India but the whole world reads my writings.<br />
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The question is not of excellence but a writer should be deeply associated with his birthplace, people and language. I do not agree with you that Punjabi is a remote and low language. The language in which Guru Nanak Dev Ji like famous poets wrote poetry is excellent one. Punjabi and Bengali literature are very old. I am trying to translate some verses of of Guru Nanak Dev Ji into Bengali but I am sure I will not do justice. In these circumstances you spend whole of life writing in other languages...".<br />
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Tagore came to Kashmir in 1915 on the invitation of his close friend and Bengali poet Jagdish Chander Chatterjee, who was the superintendent in Kashmirs Government's Research Department. Tagore along with his son and daughter-in-law and one Bengali poet Satindernath Datta came to Kashmir via Rawalpindi. Chatterjee hired a beautiful houseboat 'Paristan' for Tagore and his fellows. They visited a number of places in Kashmir. He felt proud to meet farmers, artists and craftsmen. In Srinagar, a poetic symposium was conducted in Sri Pratap College where poets, intellectuals and artists gathered together. Tagore came to the dais and with beautiful words mentioned the natural sceneries, historic background and Kashmir's cultural aspects.<br />
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A small poetic symposium was also held in the house of Pandit Anand Koul Bamzai, on the right bank of Jhelum (Habba Kadal). Tagore praised the poets like poet Mehjoor and Zinda Koul. Kashmiri literary figures met Tagore in a houseboat and offered gifts to him. The golden shining moon, the dawn, the bright sun rays, cold night, all inspired him. He wrote some poems in Kashmir. The beautiful mountains, forests, sweet springs and natural brooks of Kashmir are absorbed in his writings. Kashmiris along with other Indians celebrated his birthday in 1961-62 in Srinagar. The Government of Jammu & Kashmir established 'Tagore Memorial Hall' in his memory. This hall continues to be a vibrant hub of cultural, literary and intellectual activities till date.<br />
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==RABINDRANATH TAGORE'S PERCEPTION OF THE SIKHS IN HISTORY==<br />
by Ranjit Sen<br />
[[Image:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.jpg|thumb|160px|Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|link=Special:FilePath/Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.jpg]]<br />
Source:-[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44146780 JSTOR]<br />
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'''His Quote for the Book:-Today there is no spirit of progress among Sikhs. They have crystallized into a small sect.'''<br />
[[Image:PreviewOfProceedings of the Indian History Congress.jpg|thumb|600px|PreviewOfProceedings of the Indian History Congress|link=Special:FilePath/PreviewOfProceedings of the Indian History Congress.jpg]]<br />
-Journal Information<br />
The annual journal of the Indian History Congress, entitled The Proceedings of the Indian History Congress carries research papers selected out of papers presented at its annual sessions on all aspects and periods of Indian History from pre-history to contemporary times as well as the history of countries other than India. The addresses of the General President and the Presidents of the six sections generally take up broad issues of interpretation and historical debate. The journal has constantly taken the view that ‘India’ for its purpose is the country with its Pre-Partition boundaries, while treats Contemporary History as the history of Indian Union after 1947. The papers included in the Proceedings can be held to represent fairly well the current trends of historical research in India. Thus there has been a growth of papers on women’s history, environmental and regional history. This journal has appeared annually since 1935 except for five different years when the annual sessions of the Indian History Congress could not be held.<br />
<br />
-Publisher Information<br />
The Indian History Congress is the major national organisation of Indian historians, and has occupied this position since its founding session under the name of Modern History Congress, held at Poona in 1935. In his address the organisation's first President, Professor Shafaat Ahmad Khan called upon Indian historians to study all aspects of history, rather than only political history and to emphasize the integrative factors in the past. Its name was then changed to Indian History Congress's from its second session held in 1938, and three section, 1. Ancient, 2. Medieval and 3. Modern were created for simultaneous discussions. Ever since 1938 the organisation has been able regularly to hold its sessions each year, except for certain years of exceptional national crises. It is now going to hold its 77th annual session at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, on 28-30 December 2016. It has at present over 7,000 ordinary and life members.<br />
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==Tagore and Sikhism==<br />
by Amiya Dev<br />
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Source:-[https://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article5261.html Mainstreamweekly]<br />
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Rabindranath Tagore wrote six poems on Sikh heroism and martyrdom, two in 1888, three in 1898, and one in 1935. Of them three are on Guru Gobind Singh, one on Banda Bahadur, one on Bhai Torusingh, and one on the boy, Nehal Singh.<br />
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The Guru Gobind Singh poems are spaced between his twenty year-long sâdhanâ to be worthy of his leadership, and his death, the height of the sâdhanâ being his refusal to a rich gift brought by a disciple (the theme so enthralled Tagore that he wrote the same poem twice and on the same day), and the death being self sought in expiation for a thoughtless killing.<br />
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The Banda Bahadur and Nehal Singh poems are built around the Mughal siege and eventual fall of the Gurudaspur fort and the subsequent carnage and martyrdom, especially of the two of them, Banda being forced to kill his own son and Nehal Singh defying his mother’s plea that he wasn’t Sikh.<br />
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Martyrdom is also the theme of the Torusingh poem, he offering his head with his braid which his captor had asked him to cut off.<br />
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The poems were preceded in 1885 by three essays addressed to the juvenile readers of the Jorasanko house—one on Guru Nanak’s life in the background of his father’s money-mindedness; a second one on the heroic Guru Gobind Singh ever fighting for Sikh indepen-dence; and a final one on that independence as attained and bloodily guarded by Banda Bahadur and others until the advent of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<br />
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Tagore had visited Amritsar at the age of eleven in 1873 with his father, Debendranath, on their way to the Himalayas. The latter had come to Amritsar before, his interest in Sikh monotheism as propounded by Guru Nanak much influencing his Brahmo faith. In Tagore’s autobiography, My Reminiscences (1912), he recalls his sense of wonder as a boy at the Golden Temple:<br />
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“I remember the Gurudarbar at Amritsar like a dream. Many days with father I walked to that Sikh temple in the middle of a lake. Prayers were being said there all the time. My father would sit among those Sikh worshippers and at some point join in the singing; on hearing their songs of devotion from an outsider they would be much inspired and respect him. ... Once he had a singer from the Gurudarbar come to our house and sing bhajans for him.”<br />
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On his earlier trip in 1857 Debendranath had collected the famous Nanak bani ‘gagan mai thâlu ravi-candu dÑpak bane...’,translated it into Bengali, had that translation printed, and either he himself or had his son Jyotirindranath set it to music. Young Rabi must have sung it at Brahmo festivals. The âratÑ motif of this song (‘kaisÑ âratÑ hai/bhavakhandanâ terÑ âratÑ’) may remind us of a song Tagore wrote a few years later, in 1884: ‘Tânhâre ârati kare candra tapan ...’ (Him the moon and sun offer ârati ...), a song Vivekananda was fond of.<br />
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Similarly, his other devotional songs of the mid-eighties may not be very far from the spirit of Nanak-bani—for instance, ‘e parabâse rabe ke hây ...’ (How go on with this sojourn here ...: 1885) and ‘andhajane deho âlo, mritajane deho prân ...’ (Give light to the blind, give life to the dead ...: 1886).<br />
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Later, in 1909, he came across a pleasant Sikh bhajan—‘bâdoi bâdoi ramyabÑnâ bâdoi ...’—which he translated into Bengali (‘bâje bâje ramyabÑnâ bâje ...’ [The lovely binâ breaks into music ...] and developed into a regular song with two additional stanzas (‘nâce nâce ramyatâle nâce ...’ [Dances in a lovely beat ...] and ‘sâje sâje ramyabeœe sâje ...’ [Dresses in lovely attire ...].<br />
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Another Sikh bhajan he translated and published in 1914 was: ‘e Hari sundar e Hari sundar ...’, the translation being close to the original, with no change in the first line, for instance.<br />
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1909 to 1914, in fact somewhat earlier than 1909 to somewhat later than 1914, was a period in Tagore’s career as a poet-composer when the spirit of Nanak, and Kabir, and a number of other Sants from medieval India seemed to have fit into his creative psyche. We recall that in 1914 he brought out, with assistance from Evelyn Underhill, One Hundred Poems of Kabir. Notwithstanding the scholarly doubt about the full authenticity of his Kabir sources, his regard for Kabir was unbounded. But some of his Western admirers’ putting Kabir and him on the same scale and preferring Kabir to him was misjudgement, for Kabir was primarily a Sant whose poetry, oral, was only an effective medium. Tagore, on the other hand, was primarily a poet and composer (Sant Tagore would indeed be a travesty), fully conscious of his craft, experiencing a degree of devotion in the period we are talking of. Obviously the same distinction applies to Guru Nanak and Tagore, Sant and poet. (Perhaps we would understand this distinction better if we place Tagore beside someone nearer home—Rama-krishna Paramahamsa whose words were as full of faith as wisdom and who by all means was a saint.)<br />
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To Tagore Kabir and Nanak were true propagators of what he meant by dharma; and what he meant by dharma would perhaps be clear from the following excerpts from his essay, ‘The Simple Ideal of Dharma’ (1903):<br />
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“If I have to light a lamp at home, I have to make much effort ... I have to keep track of where mustard is sown, where oil is pressed from it, whereabouts of the oil market, and then there is all the going about dressing up an oil lamp—after such elaborations what meagre light do I get? My immediate purpose may be served, but it only doubles the darkness outside.<br />
<br />
“To get the world-revealing morning light I don’t have to depend on anyone—don’t have to manufacture it; all I have to do is wake up. As I open my eyes and unbar my door that light floods in which no one can stop. ...<br />
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“As this great light is, so is dharma. It too is immense, it too is simple. It is God gifting Himself—it is timeless, it is boundless; ... To have it, we only need to ask for it, to open our hearts.”<br />
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It is in this perspective that we may look up his essay on ‘Shivaji and Guru Gobind Singh’ written in 1910 as preface to Sarat Kumar Roy’s book, Sikh Guru o Sikh Jâti. While Maratha history under Shivaji was political (and a history that eventually failed), Sikh history at the outset was religious.<br />
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‘The freedom that Baba Nanak had felt was not political freedom; his sense of dharma was not constricted by the worship of deities that was limited to a certain land’s or people’s imagination and habit, and did not accommodate the universal human heart, on the contrary restrained it; his heart was free from the bonds of these narrow mythological religions and he dedicated his life to preaching that freedom to all.’<br />
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‘But come to be oppressed by the Mughals the disciples (œishya>Œikh) of Nanak turned into a community of their own, and for that reason their prime effort became defending themselves from harassment and surviving, rather than preaching religion all around. ... Their last Guru was especially devoted to this task.’<br />
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This was the thrust of Tagore’s argument. He summed it up in the following words:<br />
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‘Nanak gave a call to his disciples to be free from selfishness, religious bigotry and spiritual inertia ... Guru Gobind bound the Sikhs to a particular necessity, and so that they are never forgetful of it he imprinted it in their hearts by name, attire, ritual and several other means.’<br />
<br />
Tagore bemoaned the outcome of Sikh history. Like a river it had issued from a snowy mountain peak, but instead of making its way to the ocean it has gone meandering in the sand.<br />
<br />
We know that this reading of Sikh history did not at all go down well with intellectuals and historians, Sikh or non-Sikh, except for Jadunath Sarkar who printed its English version in The Modern Review in 1911. What is of more immediate interest is what caused Tagore’s shift from his earlier admiration for Guru Gobind Singh. His disillusion with karma bereft of dharma must have come from the excesses and the communally exclusive nature of the Swadeshi and Boycott movements in Bengal, keeping the Bengal Muslims at bay and causing Hindu-Muslim riots. He himself had been part of these movements but soon withdrew. The ground was getting ready for his first political novel Ghare-Baire (1916: The Home and the World) which would draw no less fleck than the essay on Sikh history. It was a coincidence, yet perhaps no coincidence, that he would write his Nationalism lectures the same year in Japan that were not without a bearing on nationalism or nationalisms in India.<br />
<br />
Jallianwala Bagh might have been anywhere in India and Tagore would have protested, but it being in Amritsar might have had an extra association for him. Yet the estrangement caused by the Sikh history essay went on for over two decades. Eventually during his visit to Lahore in 1935 things cleared up. Tagore addressed the Fifth Punjab Students’ Conference, read his poetry at the YMCA, had a warm reception from the local Sikh leaders, visited a Gurudwara, and reportedly issued a press statement confirming his regard for Sikhism. And it was on his return to Kolkata that he wrote his sixth and last Sikh poem, the one on Nehal Singh’s martyrdom.<br />
<br />
[All translations from the Bengali are mine. Special acknowledgement: Professor Harjeet Singh Gill.—A.D.]<br />
<br />
==Nobel Prize winner Rabindranath Tagore visited Sikh temple during Vancouver visit==<br />
by CHARLIE SMITH<br />
<br />
Source:-[https://www.sikhnet.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-rabindranath-tagore-visited-sikh-temple-during-vancouver-visit Sikhnet]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Rabindranath Tagore with Sikhs.jpg|thumb|200px|Rabindranath Tagore with Sikhs|link=Special:FilePath/Rabindranath Tagore with Sikhs.jpg]]<br />
BENGALI POET, ESSAYIST, and songwriter Rabindranath Tagore was a literary giant of the early 20th century, becoming the first non-European ever to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.<br />
<br />
And according to local cultural historian Naveen Girn, he visited the West 2nd Avenue Sikh temple when he visited Vancouver in 1929.<br />
Girn, research curator of the Surrey Art Gallery, told the Georgia Straight that while Tagore was at the temple (which is now on Ross Street), a photograph was taken of him surrounded by local admirers.<br />
<br />
"The community knew he was coming," Girn revealed. "They brought together different community leaders—some from the island, and from Vancouver, and also Reverend [Charles Freer] Andrews."<br />
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Andrews, an Anglican priest, was a supporter of South Asians' right to vote and the Indian independence movement. He was a close friend of Mahatma Gandhi and was portrayed in Richard Attenborough's biopic of the Indian independence leader.<br />
<br />
Tagore was aware of Ghadar activists<br />
<br />
This year marks the centenary of Tagore winning the Nobel Prize in 1913.<br />
It's also the 100th anniversary of the creation of the Ghadar party of Indian independence activists along the west coast of North America. Several went back to India to support an armed struggle to try to force the British out of India.<br />
<br />
"They passed articles by Tagore, too," Girn said. "They were very proud of him because he was a Nobel laureate."<br />
<br />
The following year, Canadian immigration officials refused to allow more than 350 South Asian passengers on the Komagata Maru to disembark in Vancouver. The ship was sent back to India, where several were shot by British soldiers.<br />
<br />
Tagore renounced his knighthood in 1919 after British Brig.-Gen. Reginald Dyer oversaw the massacre of peaceful demonstrators at the Jallianwala Bagh Garden in Amritsar in 1919.<br />
<br />
This official death toll was 379 and another 1,100 were reported wounded. To this day, Britain has refused to apologize for the mass shooting, which was depicted in Attenborough's film.<br />
<br />
Nehru also dropped by the temple<br />
<br />
The Hotel Vancouver hosted then-Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and his daughter Indira (a future prime minister) when they visited Vancouver in November 1949.<br />
<br />
"He came to Vancouver because he knew about the community here," Girn said. "He knew about the Komagata Maru; he knew about the Ghadar party. They had been sending him updates about what was happening in the community."<br />
<br />
Girn said that Nehru also spoke at the West 2nd Avenue gurdwara during his visit.<br />
<br />
"He talks in the speech about the assassination of Gandhiji [Mahatma Gandhi], partition, and how South Asians living in Canada need to take an active life in Canadian life and not to ghettoize themselves. So before [Pierre] Trudeau, he’s talking about this idea of multiculturalism and how people should live together."<br />
<br />
''When Tagore visited the Temple for the first time, he'd been in Vacouver for three days already.''<br />
<br />
''Tagore adored Sikhism - didn't he suggest that the point of unity for Hindus and Moslems in a united, free India should be a common admiration the Sikhs - so if he did sleep in the basement of the gurdwara, it was by choice, a great spiritual poet's gesture of faith and love, an act of inspiration, not oppression...''<br />
<br />
''The real story is that this man, born to great wealth gave it all away, then used his world-wide fame to make more money, and gave that away, too. If there was a colour-bar at the Hotel Van, it didn't exist for Tagore. He had immense cultural influence, and carried a massive moral power in the Commonwealth & Empire. Yet, he took most of the day on April 11, 1929 to make his way to the Temple to express his solidarity with the Sikh community of B.C..''<br />
<br />
''He didn't "drop by". He spent his childhood summers away from Bengal in Amritsar, and he went to Temple every night. On West Second, he was welcomed like family, and he spoke to the assembled as family. He envisioned a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, democratic India. He knew that Sikhs got a raw deal in the Punjab and in Canada. He thought that the tenets of Guru Nanak provided the foundation, or a model for such a state.''<br />
<br />
<br />
''Michael Puttonen<br />
AUG 9-12, 2013''<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
*[https://hpcbristol.net/visual/Jn-s42 hpcbristol]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/HavanHavan2024-03-15T16:51:26Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>According to Gurmukh Sense Havan can be explained as the Burning of [[Panj Vikars]] in Agg/Fire of Naam. Havan as a Ritual is not a Part of Sikhism it was introduced by Sikhs of Nirmala Sect who Infiltrated into the Khalsa Panth(Main Stream Sikhs). Also the pangti quoted in my understanding is the sewa lakh paat done in nimrata state will guarantee victory<br />
<br />
At the end of [[Brahm Kavach]], the last line of Dohra which goes "Paatth sava laakh havan kar jeet jung tab hog". Which basically means "When you do 1,25,000 Paatths of Brahm Kavach along with the Havan, you shall be victorious in the battlefield". Here we Should note that Guru Sahib is not telling us to do the Ritualistic Havan but to Burn Our [[5 Vikars]] which are kaam (lust), krodh (wrath), lobh (greed), moh (attachment) and ahankar (ego or excessive pride).<br />
<br />
Some Nihangs perform Havan as a Ritual which is Wrong according to Gurmat. Evidence claims that in old times Nihang Singhs used to Do Gurbani Santhiya, Read Sakhiyaan, and Sing Kirtan near the Fire because It used to be the Only Light Source Big Enough to Light thier Make Shift Camp's. But it later became a Ritual much like the Hindu Havan after Khalsa Panth was Infiltrated.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Brahm_KavachBrahm Kavach2024-03-15T16:21:07Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "The Brahm Kavach is a bola/composition attributed to Guru Hargobind Sahib ji, it is part of Nihang oral tradition. It is found in the Gurbilas Patshahi 10 in Chandi Charitra.. In this, Guru Gobind Singh ji reads out the Brahm Kavach (thus the Patshahi 10 added to the composition in the beginning, in some Gutkas). Old gutke from warriors contains much material of that kind. Bhai Maharaj Singh's gutka for example contained mantras to invoke yoginis, female magical..."</p>
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<div>The Brahm Kavach is a bola/composition attributed to [[Guru Hargobind]] Sahib ji, it is part of Nihang oral tradition. It is found in the Gurbilas Patshahi 10 in Chandi Charitra.. In this, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] ji reads out the Brahm Kavach (thus the Patshahi 10 added to the composition in the beginning, in some Gutkas). Old gutke from warriors contains much material of that kind. Bhai Maharaj Singh's gutka for example contained mantras to invoke yoginis, female magical entities that accompany the goddes Kali or Durga. However they then go on to tell the sangat that it was originally created by [[Guru Hargobind]] Sahib ji. In the Nihang Gutkas the name of the patshah is not writen. It is to be recited 32 times a day by the Nihangs and is supposed to protect against black magic. We are in a constant state of battle, for which the Guru Sahib prepares us mentally to clash against all evil in the world.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Nirmala_SectNirmala Sect2024-03-14T12:37:42Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>[[Image:nirmalasect.jpg|thumb|900px|nirmalasect|link=Special:FilePath/nirmalasect.jpg]]<br />
'''Nirmala''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਨਿਰਮਲੇ, ''lit.'' "those without blemish") also known as ''Nirmala Sampardā or Nirmal Panth'', is a [[Sikh sect]] of [[Asceticism|ascetics]].<ref name="britnirmala">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nirmala Nirmala: Sikhism], Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref> According to the their traditional beliefs, the Sanatan Nirmala Sikh tradition was founded by [[Guru Gobind Singh ji]] in late 17th century when he sent five Sikhs to Varanasi to learn [[Sanskrit]] and [[Vedanta]] texts.<br />
<br />
==Origin==<br />
The origin of the Nirmalas is uncertain. According to Khushwant Singh and other historians, the sect is first mentioned in the Sikh literature during the Guru Gobind Singh ji's era, in the last decade of the 17th century.<ref name="Sulakhan_2000" /> According to ''Nirmal Panth Pardipka'', the Nirmala tradition has roots in the early history of Sikhism.<ref name="Sulakhan_2005" /> In the 19th century, some Nirmala scholars traced their origin to the period of the first Sikh Guru, [[Guru Nanak Dev ji]], but some others such as Khushwant Singh state that the Nirmala tradition was founded by the last Sikh Guru, [[Guru Gobind Singh ji]].<ref name="Sulakhan_2000">cite book |author=Sulakhan Singh |chapter=Heterodoxy in Sikhism: An Exposition of Some Sectarian Developments |editor=Parm Bakhshish Singh |title=Punjab History Conference, Thirty-second Session, March 17–19, 2000: Proceedings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhRDAAAAYAAJ |year=2001 |publisher=Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-722-0 |pages=77–78</ref> The belief that the sect originated in the 17th century, according to [[W. H. McLeod]], is of doubtful historicity because they are "scarcely mentioned" in Sikh literature before the 19th century.<ref name="McLeod2005p148">cite book|author=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma3G-hjh6SwC |year=2005|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-5088-0|pages=148–149</ref><br />
<br />
According to the Nirmalas, in 1686, Guru Gobind Singh ji sent five Sikhs (Bir Singh, Ganda Singh, Karam Singh, Ram Singh and Saina Singh) to [[Varanasi]] to learn Sanskrit and classical Hindu literature. This began the Nirmala tradition.<ref name="Sulakhan_2000" /><ref>cite book |author=Madanjit Kaur |title=Guru Gobind Singh: Historical and Ideological Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG4MycGdpjAC&pg=PA198 |year=2007 |publisher=Unistar |isbn=978-81-89899-55-4 |page=198 </ref> After they returned to Anandpur, they were honoured by the title Nirmala (Sanskrit for "pure" or "unsullied").<ref>cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOY3V9pxcMMC&pg=PA67 |title=Short Sketch of the Life and Works of Guru Gobind Singh |author=Bhagat Lakshman Singh |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1995 |isbn=9788120605763 |page=67 </ref> The Nirmalas took the [[Amrit]] initiation into the Khalsa panth polluting the Main Stream Sikh Beliefs and Introducing Practices like Havan and Aarti.<ref>cite book|last1=Kaur|first1=Madanjit|title=Guru Gobind Singh: Historical and Ideological Perspective|date=2007|publisher=Unistar Books|location=Chandigarh|page=198</ref> <br />
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According to another account found in the late 19th-century ''Nirmal Panth Pardipika'' by the Nirmala scholar and Tat Khalsa supporter Giani Gian Singh ji, Guru Gobind Singh ji met a Sanskrit scholar named Pandit Raghunath in late 17th-century. He asked him to teach Sanskrit to Sikhs. However, Raghunath refused to do so, because he did not want to teach Sanskrit to Lower-Caste People.<ref name="eosnirmala" /> So Guru Gobind Singh ji sent some Sikhs dressed in upper-caste attire to Varanasi, where they became accomplished scholars of Indian theology and philosophy.<ref name="eosnirmala">[https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/n252 Nirmala], The Encyclopedia of Sikhism Volume III, Punjabi University, Patiala, pages 236–237</ref> The Pandit Raghunath-related story of Giani Gian Singh is likely a made up historical fiction.<ref name="Sulakhan_2005" /><br />
<br />
''The historicity of this account has been questioned because there are very few mentions of Nirmalas before the 19th century.''<ref name="Sulakhan_2005">cite book |author=Sulakhan Singh |chapter=Nirmal Panth Pardipika |editor=Sukhadial Singh |title=Punjab History Conference, Thirty-seventh Session, March 18–20, 2005: Proceedings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzduAAAAMAAJ |year=2005 |publisher=Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-990-3 |pages=220–221 |quote=As the Nirmalas do not seem to have been adequately mentioned in the Sikh literature before the 19th century, it is difficult to uphold the contention of Giani Gian Singh as historically true, rather it seems highly improbable.</ref><ref>cite book |author=W. H. McLeod |title=The A to Z of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA148 |year=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 |pages=148–149</ref> ''[[Pashaura Singh]] and Louis E. Fenech hypothesize that the Nirmalas originated much later or may have descended from the [[Udasi]]s, who are similar to them in ascetic lifestyle, celibacy and [[Vedanta|Vedantic]] interpretation of Sikh philosophy.''<ref name="PSLEF_2014">cite book |author1=Pashaura Singh |author2=Louis E. Fenech |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA377 |year=2014 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-100412-4 |pages=377–378 </ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Patronage from Sikh nobles, especially the rulers of the [[Phulkian sardars|Phulkian states]], helped the Nirmalas become a prominent religious order.<ref name="PSLEF_2014" /> Sardar Dhyan Singh of Shahbad willed his estate to Karam Singh Nirmala. In 1766, Sadda Singh of Bahirwala offered seven villages to Bhagat Singh Nirmala, although the latter declined the offer. Sardar Jai Singh's daughter-in-law granted two villages to the Nirmal [[dera (organization)|dera]] at Kankhal.<ref name="SSG_2007">cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZFBp89UInUC&pg=PA971 |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E |author=Surjit Singh Gandhi |publisher=Atlantic |year=2007 |isbn=9788126908585 |pages=971–974 </ref><br />
<br />
Sardar Ganda Singh of [[Bhangi Misl]] offered 13 villages to Jai Singh Nirmala. In 1796, Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] also granted a [[sanad (deed)|sanad]] for land to Nihal Singh Nirmala. On both occasions, the Nirmalas passed on the properties to the Udasi akhara of Santokh Das.<ref name="SSG_2007" /><br />
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== Philosophy and practices ==<br />
[[File:Simhasth2016 Panchayati akhada nirmal Shahi Snan.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Nirmal Akhara procession at [[Ujjain Simhastha]] 2016 (Kumbh Mela)]]Like the Udasis, the Nirmalas interpret the teachings of the Sikh Gurus in context of [[Vedanta]].<ref name="PSLEF_2014"/> They view the first Sikh Guru, [[Guru Nanak Dev ji]], as an [[Advaita Vedanta|Advaita Vedantist]], a follower of [[Adi Shankara|Shankara]], and a defender of the ''[[Sanatana dharma]]''.<ref>cite book |author=Lynn Teskey Denton |title=Female Ascetics in Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ivUAJ1YneQC&pg=PA179 |year=2004 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-6179-2 |pages=179–</ref> Which is Obviously not True. <br />
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Compared to the Udasis, the Nirmalas have now shared a closer relationship the mainstream [[Khalsa]] Sikhs because they have infiltrated into Authentic Sikhism. Many prominent Nirmala [[Sant]]s have preached mainstream Sikhism in Punjab, and Nirmala akharas have played an important role in training Sikhs.<br />
<br />
The Nirmala Sikhs wear ochre-colored/[[Bhagwa]] robes (or at least one item) and keep ''kesh'' (unshorn hair).<ref name="ColeSambhi2005p62">cite book |author1=W. Owen Cole |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vcSRAgAAQBAJ |title=A Popular Dictionary of Sikhism: Sikh Religion and Philosophy |author2=Piara Singh Sambhi |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-135-79760-7 |page=62</ref> They observe the same birth and death rituals as the Hindu ascetics and have an ''akhara'' (martial organization) in Haridwar,<ref name="ColeSambhi2005p62" /> and a number of ''[[dera (organization)|deras]]'' in Punjab (India).<ref name="SinghFenech2014p87">cite book |author1=Pashaura Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |author2=Louis E. Fenech |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-100411-7 |pages=87–88</ref> They have been one of the procession participants in [[Kumbh Mela]]s.<ref name="Misra2019p79">cite book |author=Nityananda Misra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kcSGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79 |title=Kumbha: The Traditionally Modern Mela |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=2019 |isbn=978-93-88414-12-8 |pages=79–80</ref><ref name="eosnirmala" /> They were early missionaries who traveled and spread Sikhism among the masses,<ref name="McLeod2005p148" /><ref name="eosnirmala" /> thus making an important contribution to the growth of Sikhism.<ref name="PSLEF_2014" /> They often served as one of the ''mahants'' in Sikh temples (gurdwaras) during the 18th century.<ref name="ColeSambhi2005p62" /> Nirmalas interpret the [[Sikhism|Sikh]] literature in [[Vedanta|Vedantic]] terms.<ref name="Dhavan2011221">cite book |author=Purnima Dhavan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC&pg=PA221 |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-975655-1 |pages=221 note 3</ref> During the [[Singh Sabha Movement]] of late 19th century and early 20th century, they were condemned by the [[Tat Khalsa]] main stream Sikhs, and cordially supported by the Sanatan Sikhs faction.<ref name="McLeod2005p148" /><br />
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== Locations ==<br />
<br />
The Sri Nirmal Panchayati Akhada or Sri Panchayati Akhada Nirmal at [[Kankhal]], established with grants from the rulers of Phulkian states, has the highest status among all Nirmala chapters.<ref name="PSLEF_2014"/> Other major Nirmala centres are located at [[Haridwar]], [[Allahabad]], [[Ujjain]], [[Trimbak]], [[Kurukshetra]] and [[Patna]].<br />
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== Notable Nirmalas ==<br />
[[File:PunditTaraSingh.png|thumb|130px|right|[[Pundit Tara Singh]] (1822–1891), a noted Nirmala Sikh published a number of works on Sikh theology.]]<br />
* [[Pundit Tara Singh]] (1822–1891), Punjabi and Sanskrit scholar<br />
* [[Kavi Santokh Singh]], (1787–1843), writer of historical [[Suraj Parkash]]<br />
* [[Giani Gian Singh|Giani Gyan Singh]], (1822–1921), scholar<br />
* [[Balbir Singh Seechewal]], prominent environmentalist</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/HIDEBOH_R246--HIDEBOH R246--2024-03-13T14:24:29Z<p>Haruki.Mastana: thanks very thanks</p>
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<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - गेम किस बारे में है<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - गेम में क्या हुआ<br />
<br />
<br />
(Arabic Language for Islam)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (بدعم من جي جيفين ساتي)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (الأصل اليابان)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (هندوستاني راجبوت)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (أفضل أصدقاء العرق المسلمين)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (محرك بحث بلاي ستيشن - جاسبريت هونجان)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - المتصدرين- https://psntrophyleaders.com/user/view/HIDEBOH_R246--#games<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (كان دائما فيراري)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - تم إنجاز الألعاب والألعاب<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - تقدير جميع الألعاب السعرية التي تم جمعها<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ندرة جميع الألعاب التي تم جمعها<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ممارسة لعبة الحياة الحقيقية<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ما هي اللعبة حول<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ماذا حدث في اللعبة<br />
<br />
<br />
(Chinese Language for Taoism)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- -(供电 杰·杰文·萨蒂)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- -(原产地日本)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- -(印度斯坦拉杰普特)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- -(最佳华人朋友)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- -(游戏机搜索引擎 贾斯普雷特·洪詹)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 排行榜- https://psntrophyleaders.com/user/view/HIDEBOH_R246--#games<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- -(一直是法拉利)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 完成了游戏和游戏必须完成<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 估计收集到的所有价格游戏<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 收集的所有游戏的稀有度<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 做游戏现实生活<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 游戏内容是什么<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 游戏中发生了什么<br />
<br />
<br />
(Japanese Language for Shinto)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ジェ・ジェヴァン・サティ提供)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (原産国日本)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ヒンドゥスターニー・ラージプート)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (日本のエスニシティのベストフレンド)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ずっとフェラーリだった)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - リーダーボード - https://psntrophyleaders.com/user/view/HIDEBOH_R246--#games<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 完了しました ゲームとゲームは完了する必要があります<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 収集されたすべてのゲームの価格を見積もる<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 収集されたすべてのゲームのレア度<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ゲームを現実生活でやる<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ゲームの内容<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ゲーム内で何が起こったのか<br />
<br />
<br />
(Korean Language for Confucianism)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (제공: 제 제바인 사티)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (원산지 일본)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (힌두스타니 라지푸트)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (최고의 한국 민족 친구)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (플레이스테이션 검색 엔진 - 재스프리트 훈잔)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (항상 페라리였어)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 리더보드- https://psntrophyleaders.com/user/view/HIDEBOH_R246--#games<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 완료하세요 게임과 게임은 완료되어야 합니다<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 수집된 모든 가격 게임 견적<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 수집된 모든 게임의 희귀성<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 게임 실제 생활하기<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 게임 소개<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - 게임에서 일어난 일<br />
<br />
<br />
(Thai Language for Buddhism)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ขับเคลื่อนโดย เจ เจเวน สติ)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ต้นกำเนิดจากประเทศญี่ปุ่น)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ฮินดูสถานราชปุต)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (เพื่อนเชื้อชาติไทยที่ดีที่สุด)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (เครื่องมือค้นหาเพลย์สเตชัน - จัสปรีต ฮุนจาน)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (เคยเป็นเฟอร์รารีมาตลอด)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - กระดานผู้นำ- https://psntrophyleaders.com/user/view/HIDEBOH_R246--#games<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - เสร็จแล้วเกมและเกมจะต้องเสร็จสิ้น<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ประมาณการราคาเกมทั้งหมดที่รวบรวม<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ความหายากของเกมทั้งหมดที่รวบรวมไว้<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ทำเกมชีวิตจริง<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - เกมเกี่ยวกับอะไร<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - เกิดอะไรขึ้นในเกม<br />
<br />
<br />
(Vietnamese Language for Caodaism)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (Được cung cấp bởi Je Jevain Sati)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (Xuất xứ Nhật Bản)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (Rajput theo đạo Hindu)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (Những Người Bạn Dân Tộc Việt Nam Tốt Nhất)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (Công cụ tìm kiếm PlayStation - Jaspreet Hunjan)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (Luôn luôn là Ferrari)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - Bảng xếp hạng- https://psntrophyleaders.com/user/view/HIDEBOH_R246--#games<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - Làm xong Trò chơi và Trò chơi phải làm xong<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - Ước tính tất cả giá trò chơi được thu thập<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - Độ hiếm của tất cả các trò chơi được thu thập<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - Làm Game Đời Thực<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - Trò chơi là gì về<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - Chuyện gì đã xảy ra trong trò chơi<br />
<br />
<br />
(Punjabi Language for Sikhism)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ਜੀਵਨ ਸਤੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸੰਚਾਲਿਤ)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ਮੂਲ ਜਪਾਨ)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੀ ਰਾਜਪੂਤ)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ਸਰਬੋਤਮ ਸਿੱਖ ਨਸਲੀ ਦੋਸਤ)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ਪਲੇਅਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ ਸਰਚ ਇੰਜਣ - ਜਸਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਹੂੰਜਨ)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - (ਹਮੇਸ਼ਾ ਫੇਰਾਰੀ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ)<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ਲੀਡਰਬੋਰਡਸ - https://psntrophyleaders.com/user/view/HIDEBOH_R246--#games<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ਇਹ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਖੇਡਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਖੇਡਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੈ<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ਇਕੱਠੀਆਂ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕੀਮਤਾਂ ਦਾ ਅਨੁਮਾਨ ਲਗਾਓ<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ਇਕੱਠੀਆਂ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਖੇਡਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਰਲੱਭਤਾ<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ਖੇਡ ਅਸਲ ਜੀਵਨ ਨੂੰ ਕਰਨਾ<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ਗੇਮ ਬਾਰੇ ਕੀ ਹੈ<br />
<br />
HIDEBOH_R246-- - ਖੇਡ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੀ ਹੋਇਆ<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sikh]]</div>Haruki.Mastanahttps://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/SNC_BangaSNC Banga2024-03-13T04:53:44Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Sikh National College Banga.jpg|thumb|900px|Sikh National College Banga|link=Special:FilePath/Sikh National College Banga.jpg]]<br />
[[Sikh National College Banga|Sikh National College, Banga]], is a multi-faculty, multi-disciplinary, co-educational institution fulfilling the educational aspirations of rural students and weaker sections of the society. Established in 1953, with a mission to strengthen socio-cultural, moral and ethical values and to instill spirit of patriotism among the youth, the institute has grown to its present glorious stature as a premier institute in the sphere of higher learning. It is situated in Doaba region on 8 acres of land in the precincts of the serene environs of ‘Gurdwara Charan Kanwal’ on Chandigarh-Amritsar National Highway.<br />
<br />
Sikh National College was conceived and translated into reality by Late S. Harguranad Singh, the then local MLA, in 1953. It was later on transferred to the control of Sikh Educational Society in 1964. The society has its head office in Chandigarh and has always played a pivotal role in providing timely guidance, support and visionary leadership. The institute has experienced and gained through the ingenious and innovative ideas put forth from time to time by its leaders S Kapur Singh, S Ajit Singh Sarhadi and S Gurcharan Singh Tohra. The committee is presently headed by illustrious S. Gurdev Singh Brar [Retd. IAS], as President and Col. (Retd.)Jasmer Singh Bala, as virtuoso Secretary and other executive members of high calibre. Besides the central management, there is a local managing committee comprising of eminent personalities of the area and S Rajbinder Singh Bains as its Secretary. The College is all set to take long strides under the able guidance of these luminaries.<br />
<br />
This heritage institution had a wider mission at the time of its birth, not only to cater to the educational needs of the region, but to become a beacon light for other institutions of North India – owing to its innate dynamism and historicity. This college has already proved its mettle by becoming alma mater of many doctors, engineers, military officers, renowned politicians and high ranking bureaucrats. Though the list of old students of this college, who won laurels in their respective fields, runs very long, yet the names of S. Amrik Singh Pooni IAS, former Chief Secretary, Punjab; Sh. Shingara Ram IAS; Sh. S R Ladhar IAS, Dr. Randhir Singh IAS; Sh. Charan Dass IAS; Sh. Dharam Pal IAS, S. Harcharn Singh IRS, S Jasbir Singh IFS, Sh. BudhDass Virdhi IES, Major Gen. Amritpal Sandhu (Vir Chakra); Brigadier R.S. Mann; Col. Sukhdev Raj IPS, Lt.Col. BalKrishan Sekhri, S. Gian Singh Bal PCS; Sh. D P Sahdev, Chief Engineer, PSEB ; S. Raghbir Singh Chokar, Deputy Chief Engineer and S. Mohinder Singh, Supdt. Engineer; Dr. Gursharan Singh an eminent Scientist, Doctorate from Oxford University, Dr. N S Neki, Professor of Medicine, Dr. H.S. Mann and Dr. Dinesh Nagi (U.K.), Doctorate on Diabetes, from USA, Dr. DPS Sandhu, Former Director Health, Punjab, Dr. Kultar Singh, Sh. Narinder Kumar Gaur PCS (J) and S Sarbjit Singh Panesar PCS(J), Principal Bhagwant Singh and Sh. Satnam Singh Manak, Executive Editor, Ajit Group Publications (News Paper) are worth mentioning. The College and its staff always seek to strive for the academic excellence. Annual results of our college always show much higher pass percentage than the university results. A large number of our students bag top positions in GNDU Examinations. Likewise, in the field of politics the College has among its proud alumni, S. Sukhdev Singh Bhaur, Ex- Gen. Secy. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Amritsar; Sh. Satnam Singh Kainth, former MP; Sh. Harbhajan Singh Lakha, former MP, S. Jatinder Singh Kariha MLA and S Balwant Singh Sarhal MLA.<br />
<br />
There are a considerable number of old students who are now settled abroad. Living in alien lands, they have many nostalgic memories of the college where they grew and studied in the formative years of their lives. Whenever the occasion demands they come up to the expectations of their mother institution. Names of Tejinder Dosanjh, Darshan Mahil and Salwinder Pal Singh are worth mentioning who have contributed a lot in mobilizing our NRI alumni to contribute monetarily in building their mother institution. The College is especially thankful to S John Singh Gill of America who has contributed a lot to this college. This building of Library cum Gurbux Singh Memorial Hall where we organize the functions has been funded single handedly by him in the memory of his worthy teacher. A forerunner in the field of sports, Sikh National College, Banga, has many achievements to its credit. It has created history in producing sports persons of national and international fame. The college is proud of its sportsmen like Tara Singh (weight-lifting) Arjuna Awardee, P.L. Sondhi (National Coach – Wrestling), Surjit Kaur (Athletics), Champion, International Athletic meet, Hardev Singh, Champion (Athletics- Asian Cross Country and World Cross Country), Narinder Singh (Decathlon) International Athletics, Kamaljit Singh Rasulpur and Satpal, participants in World Cross Country, Malkiat Singh Gosal second in Asia in 1500 meters race, and a number of other athletes and players who represented the college at various levels.<br />
<br />
The college has highly qualified and experienced members on the faculty and equally competent non-teaching staff. It offers Post-graduate courses along with various Undergraduate programs, Post Graduate and Undergraduate Diplomas. Under-graduate courses include the streams of Arts, Science, Commerce, Economics and Computer Science, Home Science, Fashion Designing. Keeping pace with the latest developments and changing demands of the market and society, the college authorities have the vision and power to introduce new streams and subjects. The College has two well-equipped computer laboratories for imparting technical skills to the learners at undergraduate and post graduate levels. Vocational subjects like Computer Applications, Dress Designing & Tailoring, Functional English and Office Management & Secretarial Practices along with add-on courses have been introduced to impart skills to the students. All these departments have their own well equipped laboratories/workshops.<br />
<br />
Art and Cultural Wing has always been active as it organizes talent search competition every year and prepares the students for youth festival and other cultural competitions.<br />
<br />
Sikh National Sr. Sec. School is also in operation in the institution’s campus catering the needs of Arts, Science and Commerce students of 10+1 and 10+2 classes along with classes of 9th and 10th. Very competent teachers are appointed here.<br />
<br />
The college has in place a beautiful outdoor stadium along with a magnificent indoor sports complex. Newly constructed buildings and renovated and modernized infrastructure with Lush green lawns in the Campus enhance scenic splendor of this excellent center of learning.<br />
<br />
The college administration remains committed to the cause of promoting and propagating higher learning and serving humanity by irradiating the light of knowledge far and wide.<br />
<br />
==Main Page==<br />
*https://www.sncbanga.ac.in/</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/TiwanaTiwana2024-03-10T17:12:48Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* See also */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Tiwana''' or ''Tawana'' is a widespread [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] tribe that claims both [[Rajput]] and [[Jat]] affiliation.<ref>cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1596833 |title=Sargodha's citrus claim to fame|author=Amjad Mahmood|date=21 December 2020|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|access-date=26 February 2023|quote=With a population of around 4.9m in the district, Jatt is the major tribe whose sub-clans like Noons, Ranjhas, Pirachas, Cheemas, Gondals, Midhianas, Chatthas, Tiwanas and Luks are mostly engaged with farming.</ref><ref name="Lamba 2003 j013">cite web | last=Lamba | first=Puneet Singh | title=BiographiesKhushwant Singh: "Japji Sahib is Based on the Upanishads" | website=The Sikh Times | date=2003-02-15 | url=http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_021503a.html | access-date=2023-07-25</ref>Originally they are Rajputs like other BAR Punjab tribes e.g. Chadhar, Syyal, Wattu<br />
<br />
Some Tiwana claim to be descended from [[Jagadeva|Jagadev Parmar]] through his direct descendant [[Rai Shankar]]'s son Teo. The lore further states that Teos descendants founded the village of Mataur in what is now [[Jind district]] and from there they spread through the rest of [[Punjab]].<ref>cite book |author=Ian Talbot |title=Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEldAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 |year=2013 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-136-79036-2 |pages=13–14 </ref><br />
<br />
==Notable People==<br />
Notable people with this surname include:<br />
* Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana (died 1848), Punjabi landowner and politician during the Sikh Empire<br />
* Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana (1900 – 1975), Pakistani military officer and politician<ref>cite web|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/malik-khizr-hayat-khan-tiwana |url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2018|website=Story of Pakistan website|title=Profile of Malik Khizr Hayat Khan Tiwana|access-date=26 February 2023 <br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030194101/http://storyofpakistan.com/malik-khizr-hayat-khan-tiwana</ref><ref name="Jinnah Wavell Garewal 1986 p. ">cite book | last=Jinnah | first=M.A. | last2=Wavell | first2=A.P.W.E. | last3=Garewal | first3=S.M. | title=Jinnah-Wavell Correspondence, 1943-47 | publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab | series=Publication (Research Society of Pakistan) | year=1986 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WXlCAAAAYAAJ | access-date=2023-07-25 | page= | quote=Khizr Hayat Khan, b. August 7, 1900; belonged to Tiwana (Jat) family of Sargodha</ref><br />
* Malik Khuda Buksh Tiwana, Member of [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] from Khushab District<ref>cite web|url=http://khushab.gop.pk/html/About_District.html#About_District|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 January 2014|access-date=27 February 2023|website=District Government Khushab website|title=Politics of the region (read about Malik Khuda Buksh Tiwana under this title)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108172305/http://khushab.gop.pk/html/About_District.html#About_District</ref><br />
* [[Dalip Kaur Tiwana]] (born 1935), Indian writer<br />
* [[Harpal Tiwana]] (born 1935), Indian playwright<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* Hassanpur Tiwana, the Union Council of the Khushab District of Punjab in Pakistan<br />
* Mitha Tiwana, a municipal committee in the Khushab District of Punjab in Pakistan<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Dr._Gurtej_Singh_SandhuDr. Gurtej Singh Sandhu2024-03-10T14:06:34Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Dr. Gurtej Singh Sandhu.jpg|thumb|600px|Dr. Gurtej Singh Sandhu|link=Special:FilePath/Dr. Gurtej Singh Sandhu.jpg]]<br />
Gurtej Sandhu is Senior Fellow and Vice President at Micron Technology. In his current role, he is responsible for Micron’s end-to-end (Si-to-Package) R&D technology roadmaps. The scope includes driving cross-functional alignment across various departments and business units to proactively identify technology gaps, and managing the engineering organization to resource and execute on developing innovative technology solutions for future memory scaling. Dr. Sandhu’s responsibilities include leading several internal project teams worldwide and managing interactions with research consortia around the world.<br />
<br />
At Micron, Dr. Sandhu has held several engineering and management roles. He has been actively involved with a broad range of process technologies for IC processing and has pioneered several process technologies currently employed in mainstream semiconductor chip manufacturing.<br />
<br />
Dr. Sandhu received a degree in electrical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, and a Ph.D. in physics at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, in 1990. He holds over 1,300 U.S. patents and is recognized as one of the top inventors in the world. Dr. Sandhu is a Fellow of IEEE. In 2018, he received the IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award for outstanding contributions to silicon CMOS process technology that enables DRAM and NAND memory chip scaling.<br />
----<br />
Gurtej Singh Sandhu, also known as Gurtej Sandhu, is an inventor in the fields of thin-film processes and materials, VLSI and semiconductor device fabrication. He is recognized for being the all-time seventh most prolific inventor as measured by number of U.S. utility patents. Gurtej has 1382 U.S. utility patents as of October 19, 2021. He was Senior Fellow and Director of Advanced Technology Developments at Micron Technology, before becoming Senior Fellow and Vice President of Micron Technology.<br />
<br />
The publication Kiplinger reports, "Sandhu developed a method of coating microchips with titanium without exposing the metal to oxygen, which would ruin the chips. Initially, he didn't think his idea was a big deal, but now most memory-chip makers use the process." The publication also states that Gurtej earned an electrical engineering degree at the Indian Institute of Technology – Delhi in India and a physics PhD at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.<br />
<br />
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) awarded Sandhu the 2018 IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award for outstanding contributions to solid-state devices and technology. They said his "pioneering achievements concerning patterning and materials integration have enabled the continuation of Moore’s Law for aggressive scaling of memory chips integral to consumer electronics products such as cell phones, digital cameras and solid-state drives for personal and cloud server computers." The IEEE states: "Sandhu initiated the development of atomic layer deposition high-κ films for DRAM devices and helped drive cost-effective implementation starting with 90-nm node DRAM. Extreme device scaling was also made possible through his pitch-doubling process, which led to the first 3X-nm NAND flash memory. Sandhu’s method for constructing large-area straight-wall capacitors enabled the formation of double-sided capacitors that extended the scaling of important one-transistor, one-capacitor (1T1C) device technologies. His process for CVD Ti/TiN is still in use for making DRAM and NAND chips."<br />
<br />
Gurtej Singh Sandhu is a Prolific Inventor and has the record of the highest number of patents ever issued to a person of Indian origin. Gurtej has 1375 patents and works at Micron.<br />
<br />
Records held by Gurtej Singh Sandhu:<br />
<br />
Highest number of patents ever issued to a person of Indian origin (see complete list)<br />
6th Highest number of patents ever issued to an person (Worldwide)<br />
<br />
Name: Gurtej Singh Sandhu<br />
Patents: 1375<br />
Associated: Micron Technology<br />
First patent on: 1991<br />
Education: PhD (Electrical Engineering)<br />
<br />
B. Tech in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT, Delhi)<br />
PhD in Electrical Engineering from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill<br />
Award: IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award in 2018<br />
He is a notable employee of Micron Technology, a company developing Computer memory and data storage devices such as RAM and USB. He was a major player in driving the growth of Micron in early 2000s.<br />
<br />
Background of Gurtej Singh Sandhu<br />
Gurtej Singh Sandhu was born in London (in 24th October 1960) to parents of Indian origin (Sarjit Sandhu and Gurmit Sandhu) and moved to India at the age of 3 years in 1963.<br />
<br />
He completed in Bachelors' degree in India from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi following which he moved to United States of America (USA). IIT, Delhi is known to be one of the best premium Engineering Institute in India ranking in top 3 nationally.<br />
<br />
He moved in USA in 1985.<br />
<br />
Gurtej completed his PhD in Electrical Engineering from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.<br />
<br />
Initially, Gurtej's career has been as follows:<br />
<br />
Process development engineer at Micron Technology (1989-1991)<br />
Senior engineer at Micron Technology (1991-1993)<br />
Section head at Micron Technology (1993)<br />
Currently, Gurtej works as Senior Fellow and Director of Technology Development at Micron Technology, USA.<br />
<br />
From a personal point of view, Gurtej got married in 21st June 1987 and has 2 children.<br />
<br />
He is associated with Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar and helps in running the University founded in 2007.<br />
<br />
==Patents by Gurtej Singh Sandhu==<br />
Gurtej Singh Sandhu holds the record for the most patents by an Indian. He has over 1340 utility patents and is Senior Fellow and Vice President at Micron Technology. He works in the field of Electrical Engineering.<br />
<br />
Gurtej's first patent was in 1991 at the age of 31.<br />
<br />
Gurtej's research focus is on:<br />
<br />
Thin film processing<br />
VLSI and semiconductor device fabrication<br />
Significant contributions by Gurtej Singh Sandhu:<br />
<br />
Started development of atomic layer deposition high-k films for DRAM devices at Micron in 2000 along with Trung T. Doan<br />
Helped initiate cost effective implementation of 90 nanometer node DRAM<br />
Developed a pitch doubling process which made it possible for high device scaling<br />
His inventions resulted in 3X nanometer NAND flash memory<br />
Developed method for constructing large area straight wall capacitors<br />
His methods for CVD Ti/TiNi is used in making DRAM and NAND industry wide.<br />
He is a notable researcher in this field.<br />
<br />
Some Example patents by Gurtej Singh Sandhu:<br />
<br />
Resonator for thermo optic device<br />
Chemical vapor deposition of titanium<br />
Waveguide for thermo optic device<br />
Enhanced atomic layer deposition<br />
Resistive heater for thermo optic device<br />
Process for growing a dielectric layer on a silicon-containing surface using a mixture of NO and O<br />
Atomic layer deposition and conversion<br />
Small grain size, conformal aluminum interconnects and method for their formation<br />
Memory device with chemical vapor deposition of titanium for titanium silicide contacts<br />
Apparatus having a titanium alloy layer<br />
Use of DAR coating to modulate the efficiency of laser fuse blows<br />
Conductive container structures having a dielectric cap<br />
Chemical vapor deposition of titanium<br />
Slurry with chelating agent for chemical-mechanical polishing of a semiconductor wafer and methods related thereto<br />
Methods of forming a contact having titanium formed by chemical vapor deposition<br />
DRAM and NAND memory chip scaling<br />
A method to coat microchips with titanium without exposing the metal to oxygen<br />
Method to develop atomic layer deposition high-k films for DRAM devices<br />
All Patent by Gurtej Singh Sandhu on USPTO. <br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*https://iq.opengenus.org/gurtej-singh-sandhu/<br />
*https://patents.justia.com/inventor/gurtej-singh-sandhu<br />
*https://alumni.gndu.ac.in/our_team/dr-gurtej-singh-sandhu/</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Rahul_SainiRahul Saini2024-03-09T15:04:46Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:RahulSaini.jpg|thumb|900px|RahulSaini|link=Special:FilePath/RahulSaini.jpg]]<br />
'''Rahul [[Saini]]''' is a contemporary Indian author. His work has strong comic tones and present up-beat stories that portray the fun loving, free spirited and out going character of today's Indian youth. His first look, was published in 2008 and made it to several bestsellers' list across the nation.<ref>title=Bestseller|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091026/jsp/entertainment/story_11656569.jsp|work=the students | location=jaipur, India|date=26 October 2009</ref><ref> web|title=Bestseller book|url=http://www.ndtv.com/reading-room/booksbestsellersnew.asp?src=oxford|work=NDTV</ref><ref>6 news|title=Bestseller|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article2468845.ece|work=The Hindu | location=Chennai, India|date=20 September 2011</ref><br />
He believes that today's youth likes fast-paced stories which are either larger than life{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} or which they can relate to. In order to broaden his works' appeal, he avoids addressing themes regarding sex and sleaze.<ref> journal|title=Book Reviews|date=January 2011|pages=4|url=http://www.vitastapublishing.com/images/stories/january-issue.pdf</ref><br />
<br />
His novels have numerous references to many movies and T.V. Shows.<ref> web|title=Official website|url=http://rahulsaini.in/about.php|work=Interview with the author</ref><br />
<br />
He has signed a two-book contract with [[Penguin Books|Penguin India]] and the first book has been titled Paperback Dreams.<ref> journal|title=Author Interview|date=December 2013|pages=1|url=http://epaper.tribuneindia.com/198329/Life-Style/LS_15_December_2013</ref><br />
<br />
His book Paperback Dreams fueled a controversy as an exposé detailing the inner workings of the commercial fiction publishing Industry in Delhi; calling it out as the "casting couch for the publishing industry". The term "casting couch" is a euphemism for a process where newcomers must, in order to gain access to the industry, perform sexual favors with the more established members.<ref> journal|title=Author Article|date=January 2014|pages=1|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/books/delhi-casting-couch-capital-for-authors/article1-1169316.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104214317/http://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/books/delhi-casting-couch-capital-for-authors/article1-1169316.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 January 2014</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
<br />
=== Biography===<br />
He was born and brought up in Jalandhar, a small town in Punjab. His keen interest in film, drama and literature drove him to writing after he graduated as an architect attaining a thorough knowledge of Fine Arts and Design apart from Architecture. His first book was a huge nationwide success and within months after the release of the Look, he was considered among the top-selling contemporary Indian authors.<ref> news|title=Top selling contemporary Indian authors|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Book-worms/Article1-414557.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125100825/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Book-worms/Article1-414557.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times</ref><br />
<br />
== List of works ==<br />
<br />
=== Novels ===<br />
* ''[[Those Small Lil' Things]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Just Like in the Movies]]'' (2010)<br />
* ''[[The Orange Hangover]]'' by [[Jaico Publishing House|Jaico]] (2012)<br />
* '' Paperback Dreams by [[Penguin Books|Penguin India]] '' (2013)<br />
* '' Just for you '' (2014)<br />
* '' Love to Hurt You '' by [[Juggernaut Books]] (2019)<br />
* ''The Part I Left With You'' by Juggernaut Books (2021)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://rahulsaini.in Rahul Saini's official site]<br />
* http://bookreviews.bookrack.in/2010/05/those-small-lil-things-in-love-and-life.html<br />
* http://www.thestatesman.net/news/66123--publishers-do-not-pay-authors-as-shown.html?page=6</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Dr._Khem_Singh_GillDr. Khem Singh Gill2024-03-08T14:12:15Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Dr.Khem Singh Gill.jpg|thumb|900px|Dr.Khem Singh Gill|link=Special:FilePath/Dr.Khem Singh Gill.jpg]]<br />
TIRELESS AGRICULTURAL LEGEND, PADMA BHUSHAN AWARDEE AND FORMER VICE-CHANCELLOR OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, DR KHEM SINGH GILL died on 17th September 2019 at the ripe age of 89 years. Departed yet not disheartened, ever inspiring, and vibrating in the hearts of thousands of people in Punjab.<br />
<br />
Born on 1 September 1930 in village Kaleke, Moga, Punjab in the family of Sardar Lakha Singh and Sardarni Tej Kaur, this educationist transformed the world of agriculture learning in India and especially in the Punjab.Married to Surjit Kaur Gill he had 3 Children- Dr. Baljit Singh Gill, Dr. Davinder Kaur Saran, [[Kuki Gill|Ranjit Singh "KUKI" Gill]]. <br />
<br />
Living up to the ideal of being a Saint-Soldier as mandated by the Gurus, he was an outstanding agricultural scientist. His commendable research on wheat is today feeding millions across the globe.<br />
<br />
The farmers of Punjab admire Dr Khem Singh Gill for his expertise as an agricultural scientist and for his humble and tireless Sewa. His volunteerism for the cause of uplifting rural education was exemplary. He touched thousands of lives and enriched them with his reckon how many lives have been touched and enriched by his perseverance and Midas touch.<br />
<br />
True to his name – Khem, which in Punjabi means happiness, bliss, one always found him cheerful and forward-thinking. He invariably greeted everyone with a beaming smile. An agricultural scientist of international repute, he dressed modestly donning a white turban and supporting a white flowing beard. One could easily take him as a saint.<br />
<br />
Though none of his ancestors, either on the paternal side or on the maternal side had ever gone to school, Khem Singh stood first in his middle school examination. Sardar Sarwan Singh, Headmaster, Bhupindra High School, Moga, paid ten rupees from his pocket for his college admission. It was he who mentored him to join Khalsa College, Amritsar for pursuing higher studies in agricultural sciences. This snowballed into a huge contribution for the Green Revolution in India.<br />
<br />
Dr Gill joined Punjab Agricultural University in 1962. He was selected for the Rockefeller Foundation fellowship for pursuing a doctorate degree from the University of California, Riverside Campus. He was the only Sikh student with unshorn hair and turban at the Campus and always got respect from everyone.<br />
<br />
A dedicated Plant Breeder, Dr Gill developed more than 30 varieties of different field crops. These include 17 improved varieties of wheat, five high-yielding hybrids and composites of pearl millet, three varieties of linseed, two of sesame, one of barley and two of cluster bean. Of these, nine varieties of wheat and five of pearl millet were released at the national level. Most of these varieties were resistant to diseases like yellow rust, brown rust, Karnal bunt, ergot, etc.<br />
<br />
As the team leader of Wheat Improvement Programme, Dr Khem Singh Gill did stupendous work on the development and identification of improved cultivars of wheat, which revolutionized wheat production. He joined as Vice-Chancellor of the Punjab Agricultural University in 1990 and played a key role in strengthening research facilities at the Regional Research Stations of the University.<br />
<br />
‘Shabash-Shabash’ -Well done, were his favourite buzz words to encourage his fellow scientists. Anyone who showed him results, he invariably patted with a ‘Shabash’. According to his juniors, this used to be so inspiring that one would go back to work with an invigorated spirit.<br />
<br />
Dr Gill was a Fellow of Third World Academy of Sciences, Italy; Indian Society of Agricultural Sciences; Indian National Science Academy; and so many other organisations of international repute. He was decorated with several awards including Padma Bhushan by the Government of India (1993), Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Memorial Prize in 1976, National Professor of Eminence (ICAR), Fellow, Indian National Science Academy, Team Research Award by ICAR, etc.<br />
<br />
Dr Gill founded the Crop Improvement Society of India. He was also the President, Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Vice President of Indian Society of Genetics.<br />
<br />
A widely travelled, noble soul with a multifarious persona, Dr Gill clad in his ubiquitous white turban, white kurta-pyjama, was, in fact, a Saint-Solider-Scientist. Through the Akal Academies under the Kalgidhar Trust, Baru Sahib he started a value-based quality education in rural areas of northern India under the spiritual leadership of Baba Iqbal Singh.<br />
<br />
The Punjab Agricultural University has published a biography of Dr Gill under the name ‘Path of a Legend,” which is deeply inspiring.<br />
<br />
What more can I say, “There lived a man; Whose radiance lighted many lamps; A robe of glory; Thy benign countenance left a magnetic charm; Thy discoveries created a landmark; Long live thy glory!”<br />
<br />
Source:- [https://www.theworldsikhnews.com/remembering-saint-scientist-dr-khem-singh-gill-of-pau/ theworldsikhnews]<br />
<br />
==More Info==<br />
*https://drssbhatti.ca/2020/09/05/dr-khem-singh-gill/</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Kuki_GillKuki Gill2024-03-08T13:47:53Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:KukiGill.jpg|thumb|900px|KukiGill|link=Special:FilePath/KukiGill.jpg]]<br />
[[Ranjit Singh Gill]] is the son of [[Dr. Khem Singh Gill]], former Vice-Chancellor of Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana (PAU). He is an Activist,a Writer and a Broadcaster.<br />
<br />
At the age of 24 he was pursuing his Masters in Plant Breeding and Genetics at PAU and was due to submit his thesis. He had received an offer of fellowship from Kansas State to undertake doctoral research which he was planning to take-up soon after. But just months later in 1985, Kuki Gill found himself charged with the murder of prominent Congress politician Lalit Maken and his wife Geetanjali following the aftermath of the 1984 genocide in Delhi.<br />
<br />
To evade capture he had escaped to the USA where he spent 13 years in New York’s Metropolitan Correctional Center. In May 2000, Kuki Gill along with companion and fellow inmate Sukhwinder Singh relinquished their appeals to remain in the US of their own volition and opted to return to India. Upon arrival, Kuki was immediately imprisoned.<br />
<br />
In 2003, having spent 17 years in detention Kuki was released from prison on parole under strict conditions restricting his movement, whilst awaiting a final hearing to determine his future. At this time his mother was terminally ill and she passed away some time after.<br />
<br />
From that time Kuki remained within the confines of Ludhiana along with his supportive father and the devoted wife whom he married after being released.<br />
<br />
Early in 2009, the lengthy trial concluded by reaffirming the life sentence that was facing Kuki Gill, and after surrendering himself to police in Delhi he entered the prison system once again. But finally, almost 25 years after the event that changed his life forever, Ranjit Singh Gill became a free man when his sentence was commuted by the Chief Minister of Delhi.<br />
<br />
Today, Ranjit Singh ‘Kuki’ Gill is rebuilding his life by working hard with young people from across the Punjab, inspiring them to expect better from their own lives and the society in which they live. He is encouraging countless more Punjabis and Sikhs across the globe through his work with us at Naujawani.com and we are proud to provide the platform to do so.<br />
<br />
Source:-[https://naujawani.com/ranjit-singh-kuki-gill/]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Tarkhan_Surname_ListTarkhan Surname List2024-03-02T15:46:16Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with " ==List of Tarkhan clans== The following is a list of clans/gotras of the Tarkhan community of Punjab (India) in alphabetical order: A *Aatli *Ahdi *Ajimal *Arrii *Assi *Attalia B *Babra *Bachu *Bade *Bahra *Bamrah *Bambrah *Bansal *Bara *Barhey also spelt as bade *Bassan *Bari *Baharha *Bhachu *Bhachoo *Bhaika *Bangra(bhangra) *Bhamber *Bhambher *Bhambra *Bhamra(bhanwra) *Bhella *Bhelay *Bhumber *Bhara *Bhamra *Bharmi *Bharaj (Bharj) *Bhari *Bheley *Bhoday *Bhog..."</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
==List of [[Tarkhan]] clans==<br />
The following is a list of clans/gotras of the Tarkhan community of Punjab (India) in alphabetical order:<br />
<br />
A<br />
<br />
*Aatli<br />
*Ahdi<br />
*Ajimal<br />
*Arrii<br />
*Assi<br />
*Attalia<br />
<br />
B<br />
<br />
*Babra<br />
*Bachu<br />
*Bade<br />
*Bahra<br />
*Bamrah<br />
*Bambrah<br />
*Bansal<br />
*Bara<br />
*Barhey also spelt as bade<br />
*Bassan<br />
*Bari<br />
*Baharha<br />
*Bhachu<br />
*Bhachoo<br />
*Bhaika<br />
*Bangra(bhangra)<br />
*Bhamber<br />
*Bhambher<br />
*Bhambra<br />
*Bhamra(bhanwra)<br />
*Bhella<br />
*Bhelay<br />
*Bhumber<br />
*Bhara<br />
*Bhamra<br />
*Bharmi<br />
*Bharaj (Bharj)<br />
*Bhari<br />
*Bheley<br />
*Bhoday<br />
*Bhogal (very popular sikh ramgarhia name)<br />
*Bhui (Bhooi/Bhuee/Bhuie)<br />
*Bhurjee<br />
*Bhurji<br />
*Bilkhu<br />
*Birmi<br />
*Birdee (also spelt Birdi/Virdi/Virdy/Virde/Verdi/)<br />
*Birdi (also spelt Birdi/Virdi/Virdy/Virde/Verdi/)<br />
*Bubbra<br />
*Budhoo<br />
*Burmy<br />
<br />
C<br />
<br />
*Caveeshar<br />
*Chadha<br />
*Chaggar<br />
*Chamak<br />
*Chana<br />
*Channa<br />
*Chani<br />
*Channy<br />
*Chharote<br />
*Chilotra<br />
*Chita<br />
*Chodha<br />
*Chudhe<br />
D<br />
<br />
*Daddoo<br />
*Dadiala<br />
*Dadyala<br />
*Daffu<br />
*Dahale<br />
*Dahelay<br />
*Dahley<br />
*Daphu<br />
*Darhalay<br />
*Deerhe<br />
*Deogan<br />
*Deogun<br />
*Deosi<br />
*Devgan<br />
*Devgun<br />
*Devsi<br />
*Dhaffu<br />
*Dhammi<br />
*Dhamu<br />
*Dhanni<br />
*Dhanjal<br />
*Dheeraj<br />
*Dhiman<br />
*Dhonsi<br />
*Dhoopar<br />
*Dhulphir<br />
*Dhuphar<br />
*Dogra<br />
*Dulphir<br />
*Duphar<br />
*Dadhwal<br />
<br />
F<br />
<br />
*Fagla<br />
*Flora<br />
*Full or Phull<br />
<br />
G<br />
<br />
*Gabri<br />
*Gabriah<br />
*Gahir<br />
*Gaidu<br />
*Gallad<br />
*Galsinh<br />
*Gansie<br />
*Garai<br />
*Gargaj<br />
*Ghardhora<br />
*Ghatorhe<br />
*Ghatora (Ghattora)<br />
*Gharial<br />
*Ghariall<br />
*Gharyal<br />
*Ghattore<br />
*Ghattaurhae<br />
*Ghir<br />
*Ghura<br />
*Gilla<br />
*Gillar<br />
*Gohlar<br />
*Ganshiha<br />
H<br />
<br />
*Harbias<br />
*Hunjan<br />
*Hunjoon<br />
*Hunzan<br />
*Hussainpura<br />
*Hussainpuri*Hussanpura<br />
*Hyothi<br />
<br />
J<br />
<br />
*Jabbal<br />
*Jagdeo (chivalrous people)<br />
*Jagdev<br />
*Jagdey<br />
*Jandoo<br />
*Jandu<br />
*Jaswal<br />
*Jetlay<br />
*Jhass<br />
*Jheeta<br />
*Jhita<br />
*Jouble<br />
*Jutla (also spelt Juttla/Jutley)<br />
<br />
K<br />
<br />
*Kalha<br />
*Kalah<br />
*Kallahuygf<br />
*Kainthal<br />
*Kalsi<br />
*Kaundal<br />
*Khalsi<br />
*Kharyal<br />
*Kharey<br />
*Kaunsel<br />
*Kharl<br />
*Khattia<br />
*Khambay<br />
*khaamba<br />
*Khural<br />
*Kukreja<br />
*Kular<br />
*Kundral<br />
* [Khurl]<br />
*KUNDU<br />
*Khaamba<br />
<br />
L<br />
<br />
*Lall<br />
*Leel<br />
*Lohar<br />
*Lota<br />
*Lotay<br />
*Lottay<br />
*Lyall<br />
*Lubana<br />
*Layal<br />
M<br />
<br />
*Main<br />
*Mahon<br />
* Marway<br />
*Marwaha<br />
*Mandaley<br />
*Mankoo<br />
*Manku<br />
*Matharu (also spelt Matharoo)<br />
*Matyar<br />
*Meen<br />
*Momrath<br />
*Mion<br />
*Mudarh<br />
*Mudan<br />
*Mudhan<br />
*Mudhar<br />
*Multani<br />
*Mundae<br />
*Munde<br />
*Mundey<br />
*Muttair<br />
*Mahal<br />
* Misan<br />
<br />
N<br />
<br />
*Neyta<br />
*Neta<br />
*Nadoia<br />
*Nagi<br />
*Nandhra<br />
*Nandra<br />
*Nanery<br />
*Nanre<br />
*Nanra<br />
*Narma<br />
*Nautay<br />
*Nawetay<br />
*Notah<br />
*Notay"<br />
<br />
Italic text<br />
<br />
"*Note<br />
*Notta<br />
*Nottra<br />
*Narang<br />
<br />
O<br />
<br />
*Obhi<br />
*Osahan<br />
<br />
P<br />
<br />
*Padam<br />
*Palhora<br />
*Palne<br />
*Panesar<br />
*Pawar<br />
*Phadale<br />
*Phadaley<br />
*Philoura<br />
*Phull<br />
*Phul<br />
*Plaha<br />
*Palahi<br />
*Plania<br />
*Pohli<br />
*Puaar<br />
*Paik<br />
*pihne<br />
R<br />
<br />
*[[Ramgarhia Sikhs|Ramgarhia]]<br />
*[[Ramgarhia|Ramgharia]]<br />
*Ranauta<br />
*Rathor<br />
*Rayat<br />
*Rehal<br />
*Rehnsi<br />
*Riat<br />
*Rihal<br />
*Riyat<br />
*Rayet<br />
*Rooprai (Ruprai)<br />
*Rupal<br />
*Roopra<br />
*Rode<br />
*Ruprah<br />
*Rayat<br />
*Rattan<br />
*Rallan<br />
*Rahgo<br />
*Ralhan<br />
<br />
S<br />
<br />
*Sagoo<br />
*Saggu<br />
*Sahans<br />
*Salh--> Salh lives in village Saheri (village of Gangu Bharmin ) Distt. Roper.<br />
*Saimbi<br />
*Sains<br />
*Sambhi<br />
*Saond<br />
*Saund<br />
*Sayan also spelt Sian, Seyan or Syan<br />
*Semi<br />
*Sihra (also spelt Seehra/Sehra/Sira)<br />
*Sembhi also Sehmbey, Sembi, Sembhy<br />
*Seol<br />
*Sian also spelt Sayan, Syan or Seyan<br />
*Singhpal<br />
*Singhraj<br />
*Singhrao<br />
*(Sohal) Most of Sohal living in Chandigarh and Mohali are from Pind Rurky Didtt. Roper.<br />
*"Sohanpal" (mostly famous in distt. Ropar, and in Vill. Marauli Kalan near Morinda.)<br />
*Sond<br />
*Sondh<br />
*Soor<br />
*Soora<br />
*Soorma<br />
*Soodhar<br />
*Spal<br />
*Sullar<br />
*Sund<br />
*Sura<br />
*Suraj<br />
*Surajbansi<br />
*Suri<br />
*Sutardhar<br />
*Syan also spelt Sayan, Seyan or Sian.<br />
<br />
T<br />
<br />
*Tanda<br />
*Tattar (mostly living in hoshiarpur, punjab & canada,u.k.,usa,)<br />
*Tarar<br />
*Tethi<br />
*Thethi<br />
*Thoka<br />
*Takhi<br />
*Taklia<br />
<br />
U<br />
<br />
*Ubhi (also spelt Ubbi)<br />
<br />
V<br />
<br />
*Vahra<br />
*Vasdev<br />
*Vasir<br />
*Virdee (also spelt Birdi/Virdi/Virdy/Virde/Verdi/)<br />
*Vilkoo<br />
*Vilku<br />
<br />
W<br />
<br />
*Waryah<br />
*Wariah<br />
<br />
Z<br />
<br />
*Zandy<br />
*Zinta<br />
*Zorr</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/JotJot2024-03-01T08:25:04Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* Bani by Bhagat Kabir Ji */</p>
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<div>When One meditates on the Name of God and overcome the 5 thieves: Kam (Lust), Krodh (Wrath), Lobh (Greed), Moh (Attachment) and Ahankar (Ego or Excessive Pride).You become One with the creator, you lose your "I", you cease to have an identity and are only One with the Creator. Such was the case with the Gurus. Hence, The Gurus had One Jot Passed Down to the Next One. We need to overcome the 5 thieves to overcome the "I" and merge back with God. Here Jot being The Knowledge/The Enlightenment of the Gurbani.<br />
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One who meditates on the Nam of God becomes One with the God. <br />
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Jin Saeviaa Jin Saeviaa Maeraa Har Jee Thae Har Har Roop Samaasee ||<br />
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ਜਿਨ ਸੇਵਿਆ ਜਿਨ ਸੇਵਿਆ ਮੇਰਾ ਹਰਿ ਜੀ ਤੇ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਰੂਪਿ ਸਮਾਸੀ ||<br />
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This shabad raagu aasaa mahlaa 4 so purkhu is by Guru Ram Das in Raag Asa on Ang 10 of Sri Guru Granth Sahib.<br />
<br />
One can become like that However, What separates us from The Gurus is that the Guruship was passed on from one Guru to another (when the other person had achieved that state) and that they received specific messages from God (as they are one with god) to establish and spread Sikhi. We won't get that as we are not the Gurus. However, we can be Gurmukhs. By leaving the Ways of a Manmukh. <br />
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A Jyot being passed on is like one candle lighting another candle. It does not mean that there can only be one candle at a time. Guru Nanak Dev ji was present for a little while after he passed on the Guruship to Guru Angad Dev Ji. Some people claim that Jyot means Soul but that is not the Case. Jyot is actually the Wisdom being Passed on. The Gurus had the Qualities of God. God is one, all of them derived the same attributes of the One God so their thinking, actions, and reasoning were the exact same.<br />
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For Proof, Five Gurus were From the Same Family and Atleast Three have Existed at the Same time in this World. This Andhvishwaas is a Result of Bahmanwaad. People of Other Faiths in this Case i.e. Hinduism tampering with Gurbani Translations.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gurbani on Jot==<br />
''Following Vaars of Bhai Gurdas ji; Vaar 3, Pauri 12, 4 respectively put Prakash over it.<br />
''<br />
ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਉ ਗੁਰਾ ਗੁਰੁ ਹੋਇਆ। Satguru (the True Guru) Guru Nanak Dev Ji was Guru of the Gurus.<br />
<br />
ਅੰਗਦੁ ਅਲਖੁ ਅਭੇਉ ਸਹਜਿ ਸਮੋਇਆ। He raised Guru Angad to a state of equipoise and merged him in the imperceptible and indistinguishable God.<br />
<br />
ਅਮਰਹੁ ਅਮਰ ਸਮੇਉ ਅਲਖੁ ਅਲੋਇਆ। Guru Angad merged Amar Das in the eternal Lord and showed him the imperceptible Lord.<br />
<br />
ਰਾਮ ਨਾਮ ਅਰਿਖੇਉ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤੁ ਚੋਇਆ। Ram Das was served the ambrosial nectar of Nam by Guru Amar Das Ji.<br />
<br />
ਗੁਰ ਅਰਜਨ ਕਰਿ ਸੇਉ ਢੋਐ ਢੋਇਆ। Guru Arjan Dev Ji served Guru Ram Das Ji well and was blessed with the boon of Nam Simran.<br />
<br />
ਗੁਰੁ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦੁ ਅਮੇਉ ਅਮਿਉ ਵਿਲੋਇਆ। Hargobind (Guru) churned the divine word and with the grace of Guru Arjan Dev Ji reached unfathomable state.<br />
<br />
ਸਚਾ ਸਚਿ ਸੁਚੇਉ ਸਚਿ ਖਲੋਇਆ। The truth of the Eternal and True Lord dwelt in the hearts of the Sikhs by the grace of all these God-like divine personalities.<br />
<br />
ਆਤਮ ਅਗਹ ਅਗਹੇਉ ਸਬਦੁ ਪਰੋਇਆ। And the minds of the Sikhs were stringed with the unfathomable Word of the Lord.<br />
<br />
ਗੁਰਮੁਖ ਅਭਰ ਭਰੇਉ ਭਰਮ ਭਉ ਖੋਇਆ ॥ These Gurmukhs allayed all the doubts and suspicions by filling their unfillable minds with Guru's words<br />
<br />
•<br />
<br />
ਸਬਦੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੁਰੁ ਵਾਹੁ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਇਆ। Guru's Shabad (Word) is Guru and blessed is the Gurmukh (Guru-oriented person) who has received it from him.<br />
<br />
ਚੇਲਾ ਸੁਰਤਿ ਸਮਾਹੁ ਅਲਖੁ ਲਖਾਇਆ। The disciple (Guru Angad) merged his consciousness in the Shabad and showed others the imperceptible Supreme Being.<br />
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ਗੁਰ ਚੇਲੇ ਵੀਵਾਹੁ ਤੁਰੀ ਚੜਾਇਆ। When the union of disciple (Guru Angad) took place with Guru Nanak, he guided him to reach the ultimate blissful stage of oneness with Him.<br />
<br />
ਗਹਰਿ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਅਥਾਹੁ ਅਜਰੁ ਜਰਾਇਆ। As a result, he became serene, tranquil and tolerant so as to bear the unbearable.<br />
<br />
ਸਚਾ ਬੇਪਰਵਾਹੁ ਸਚਿ ਸਮਾਇਆ। Becoming carefree he merged into the ultimate truth.<br />
<br />
ਪਾਤਿਸਾਹਾ ਪਾਤਿਸਾਹੁ ਹੁਕਮੁ ਚਲਾਇਆ। He became emperor of emperors and imposed his authority on them.<br />
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ਲਉਬਾਲੀ ਦਰਗਾਹ ਭਾਣਾ ਭਾਇਆ। He liked and accepted the divine dispensation with Grace.<br />
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ਸਚੀ ਸਿਫਤਿ ਸਲਾਹਿ ਅਪਿਉ ਪੀਆਇਆ। He himself drank the ambrosial nectar of true eulogies of the Lord and served the same to others as well.<br />
<br />
ਸਬਦੁ ਸੁਰਤਿ ਅਸਗਾਹ ਅਘੜ ਘੜਾਇਆ ॥ He reformed many fools by blessing them with Shabad and helping them lodge it in their consciousness.<br />
<br />
The Guru chose the true disciple who merged himself in His totality and became His essence, became the essence of the Guru, embodiment of Truth. Guru Parmesar Eko Jaan. Vaar or essence of all Gurus is thus same.<br />
<br />
===Bani by Bhagat Kabir Ji===<br />
'''ਮਾਰਗਿ ਮੋਤੀ ਬੀਥਰੇ ਅੰਧਾ ਨਿਕਸਿਓ ਆਇ ॥'''<br />
<br />
''The pearls are scattered on the road; the blind man comes along.''<br />
<br />
(ਪਰਮਾਤਮਾ ਦੇ ਗੁਣ, ਮਾਨੋ) ਮੋਤੀ (ਹਨ ਜੋ ਇਨਸਾਨੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਦੇ ਸਫ਼ਰ ਦੇ) ਰਸਤੇ ਵਿਚ ਖਿੱਲਰੇ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ (ਭਾਵ, ਇਹ ਮੋਤੀ ਲੈਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕੋਈ ਧਨ-ਪਦਾਰਥ ਨਹੀਂ ਖਰਚਣਾ ਪੈਂਦਾ; ਪਰ ਇਥੇ ਗਿਆਨ-ਹੀਣ) ਅੰਨ੍ਹਾ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਆ ਅੱਪੜਿਆ ਹੈ।<br />
<br />
'''ਜੋਤਿ ਬਿਨਾ ਜਗਦੀਸ ਕੀ ਜਗਤੁ ਉਲੰਘੇ ਜਾਇ ॥ ११४॥'''<br />
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''Without the Light of the Lord of the Universe, the world just passes them by. ||114||''<br />
<br />
ਪਰਮਾਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਬਖ਼ਸ਼ੀ ਹੋਈ (ਗਿਆਨ ਦੀ) ਜੋਤਿ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਜਗਤ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਮੋਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪੈਰਾਂ ਹੇਠ ਲਤਾੜਦਾ ਤੁਰਿਆ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ (ਮਨੁੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਪਰਮਾਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਸਿਫ਼ਤ-ਸਾਲਾਹ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਕਦਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਪੈਂਦੀ, ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਆਪ ਹੀ ਮੇਹਰ ਕਰੇ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਜੀਵ ਗੁਣ ਗਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ) ॥੧੧੪॥<br />
<br />
•'''Vocabulary'''<br />
*ਜੋਤਿ/Jot = ਚਾਨਣ/Wisdom<br />
*ਜਗਦੀਸ/Jagdeesh = ਜਗਤ-ਈਸ/Lord of the Universe<br />
*ਉਲੰਘੇ ਜਾਇ/Ulnghae Jayi= ਉਲੰਘਦਾ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ/Passing By<br />
<br />
-Guru Granth Sahib Ji,ਸਲੋਕੁ ਭਗਤ ਕਬੀਰ ਜੀਉ ਕੇ, ਅੰਗ:1370<br />
<br />
==Jyot in Gurudwaras==<br />
The [[Jot|Jyot]] lit in the Gurudwaras may be symbolic of the Jyot inside us.<br />
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==Jot Swaroop by [https://www.gurbani.org/gurblog/author/ T.Singh]==<br />
The Gurmat Wisdom of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) teaches us that the ONE Creator is Omnipresent in the Creation, including Within all of being.<br />
<br />
However, ‘Within’ is NOT a physical or metaphysical location.<br />
<br />
Instead, its a Process of Realization, process of BECOMING the ‘Jot Saroop‘ through internalizing the Enlightening spiritual Message of the Shabad (Enlightenment) — making our ‘Surat‘ (Conscience) a Sikh (learner, seeker) of the Shabad, and thus letting the Conscience reign in the Realm of spirituality.<br />
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ਸਬਦੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਸੁਰਤਿ ਧੁਨਿ ਚੇਲਾ ॥ : The SHABAD is my GURU, and my consciousness (Surat) is the disciple (of this SHABAD GURU). (sggs 943).<br />
Call it the Creator, God, Gobind, Rabb, Raam, Hari, Jot (ਜੋਤ), Allah, ‘Noor’ (ਨੂਰ), Light or whatever name you like, but according to the SGGS, the ONE Creator / Hukam is the common denominator of all that exists (Universal Energy).<br />
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===Mind’s True Identity – Jot Saroop===<br />
The Gurbani says we are THAT — the form of God (Jot Saroop: ਰੱਬ ਦਾ ਰੂਪ), part of God: ਰੱਬ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ) or of the same essence as God. We are Jot Saroop. THIS is our Original Nature. THIS is our Mool. We are part of the same Universal Energy which connects and flows through all beings, things and space. The matter and energy that constitutes the entire Universe is also a part of the individual.<br />
<br />
•ਇਉ ਕਹੈ ਨਾਨਕੁ ਮਨ ਤੂੰ ਜੋਤਿ ਸਰੂਪੁ ਹੈ ਅਪਣਾ ਮੂਲੁ ਪਛਾਣੁ ॥੫॥ : This is what Nanak says: O my mind, you are the ‘Jot Saroop’ or embodiment of Light (God)! Recognize your Mool (ORIGIN, Source…) ||5|| (sggs 441).<br />
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•ਕਹੁ ਕਬੀਰ ਇਹੁ ਰਾਮ ਕੀ ਅੰਸੁ ॥ ਜਸ ਕਾਗਦ ਪਰ ਮਿਟੈ ਨ ਮੰਸੁ ॥੪॥੨॥੫॥ : Kabeer says, now I understand that this (soul / mind) is part and parcel or an offspring of the Omnipresent God (i.e. of the same Essence, Qualities as God). Both God and soul are linked together just as ink from the paper cannot be removed. ||4||2||5|| (sggs 871).<br />
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•ਜੋਤਿ ਸਰੂਪੀ ਸਭੁ ਜਗੁ ਮਉਲੋ ॥ : (The Universal Energy) is Jot Saroop (with this Jot or Light) the whole world blossoms forth. (sggs 1083).<br />
<br />
•ਏਕ ਨੂਰ ਤੇ ਸਭੁ ਜਗੁ ਉਪਜਿਆ ਕਉਨ ਭਲੇ ਕੋ ਮੰਦੇ ॥੧॥ : Ek Noor Tae Sabh(u) Jag(U) Upajiaa… (sggs 1349).<br />
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''In short, the Gurbani’s edict (ਫੈਸਲਾ) is that each person (at the level of the mind) is his or her own God (ਰੱਬ ਦਾ ਰੂਪ)!''<br />
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However, the mind is ‘Jot Saroop‘ (God-like-ਰੱਬ ਦਾ ਰੂਪ) ONLY when it has realized its Mool Within. Otherwise, the Gurbani compares it with ‘monkey‘ (ਮਰਕਟ), ‘elephant‘ (ਕੁੰਚਰੁ, ਮੈਗਲੁ), ‘donkey‘ (ਖਰ, ਗਦਹਾ), Camel (ਕਰਹਲਾ), Crow (ਕਊਆ), Deer (ਹਰਣ), Dog (ਸੁਆਨ), Frog (ਦਾਦਿਰਾ), ‘crookedness‘ (ਕੁਟਿਲਤਾ), ‘craziness‘ (ਕਮਲਾ), ‘animals‘ (ਪਸੂ …), ‘wind‘ (ਪਉਣੁ), and so on.<br />
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The Gurbani thus REJECTS all nonsense and illogical belief that Rabb or God is separate from man, sitting ‘up there’ somewhere on a lofty planet as concocted and propagated by the self-serving clergy (Pujaaree).<br />
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'''Creator is not separate from man'''<br />
As ocean is the base of the wave and gold of golden ornaments, similarly, the One Reality is the Substratum of individual consciousness and all subsequent manifestations. Ocean is the metaphor for the one’s True ownself, and the wave is the metaphor for the false ego-sense (Haumai), individual identity or manifestation of the objective world. <br />
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•ਤੋਹੀ ਮੋਹੀ ਮੋਹੀ ਤੋਹੀ ਅੰਤਰੁ ਕੈਸਾ ॥ ਕਨਕ ਕਟਿਕ ਜਲ ਤਰੰਗ ਜੈਸਾ ॥੧॥ : You are me, and I am You—what is the difference between us? We are like gold and the bracelet, or water and the waves ||1|| (sggs 93).<br />
<br />
•ਤਤੁ ਨਿਰੰਜਨੁ ਜੋਤਿ ਸਬਾਈ ਸੋਹੰ ਭੇਦੁ ਨ ਕੋਈ ਜੀਉ ॥ : The Essence which is free from the influence of Maya, the Light/Jot of all — I am He and He is me — there is no difference. (sggs 599).<br />
<br />
Our body is the food for this false ego-sense (Haumai) without which the manifestation or Maya is not present. When the wave subsides, only ocean remains, which was there before the wave. Similarly, when the false ‘I’ consciousness subsides or when the false ego-sense is annihilated, only the Jot Saroop remains, which was present prior to the movement of the false ego-sense (Haumai) or body-consciousness.<br />
<br />
However, this false ego-sense (Haumai) kills our True Nature.<br />
<br />
False ego-sense (Haumai) feels real because we attach our ego to some perceived parameters in some form, such as power, status, beauty, youth, strength, wealth, possessions, education or knowledge, Jaat Paat etc. Prior to the movement of the false ego-sense (Haumai), the Gurbani tells us our mind is Jot Saroop.<br />
Baabaa Nanak makes it crystal clear in the following Shabad who we already are at this very moment, HERE and NOW!<br />
<br />
•ਸਹਸ ਤਵ ਨੈਨ ਨਨ ਨੈਨ ਹੈ ਤੋਹਿ ਕਉ ਸਹਸ ਮੂਰਤਿ ਨਨਾ ਏਕ ਤੋਹੀ ॥ ਸਹਸ ਪਦ ਬਿਮਲ ਨਨ ਏਕ ਪਦ ਗੰਧ ਬਿਨੁ ਸਹਸ ਤਵ ਗੰਧ ਇਵ ਚਲਤ ਮੋਹੀ ॥੨॥ ਸਭ ਮਹਿ ਜੋਤਿ ਜੋਤਿ ਹੈ ਸੋਇ ॥ ਤਿਸ ਕੈ ਚਾਨਣਿ ਸਭ ਮਹਿ ਚਾਨਣੁ ਹੋਇ ॥ ਗੁਰ ਸਾਖੀ ਜੋਤਿ ਪਰਗਟੁ ਹੋਇ ॥ ਜੋ ਤਿਸੁ ਭਾਵੈ ਸੁ ਆਰਤੀ ਹੋਇ ॥੩॥ : (Being pervasive everywhere and in all beings) Thousands of eyes of all of us are Rabb’s eyes — Rabb has no separate eyes. Thousands of forms of all of us are Rabb’s forms — (being Formless) Rabb has no separate form. Thousands of feet of all of us are Rabb’s feet — Rabb has no separate feet. Thousands of noses of all of us are Rabb’s noses — Rabb has no separate nose. I am amazed by this wonder. ||2|| The light flowing in everyone is from the same Supreme Light (i.e. the One Creator). The Light that aluminates all is from the same (One Creator). But the knowledge of this ‘Joti’ comes only with the Teachings of the Guru (through the Guru’s Wisdom it is understood that Rabb is present within all beings as ‘Joti’ and that we are jot-Saroop.). The Aarti (i.e. meaningful Poojaa of this all-pervading ‘Joti‘) is that whatever is happening in Hukam (System-Rule-Law of Nature, Universal Energy) is pleasing to beings. ||3|| (sggs 663).<br />
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'''Gurbani says know yourself'''<br />
The Gurbani asks the mind to retrace its steps back to its Original Nature it was born with — ‘Saabat Soorat’ or Jot Saroop, which is unaffected by the duality.<br />
<br />
•ਬਾਬਾ ਨਾਂਗੜਾ ਆਇਆ ਜਗ ਮਹਿ ਦੁਖੁ ਸੁਖੁ ਲੇਖੁ ਲਿਖਾਇਆ ॥ : O brother, one has come naked in this world (not only physically naked, but also mentally naked – Intact Consciousness, Saabat Soorat, NO vices/Bikaar…); it is here in life that Jiva has written his/her own account of sorrow and happiness in life). (sggs 582).<br />
<br />
•ਜੇਹਾ ਬੀਜੈ ਸੋ ਲੁਣੈ ਕਰਮਾ ਸੰਦੜਾ ਖੇਤੁ ॥ : Life is the field of actions; I alone will reap all that I sow. (sggs 134).<br />
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Having said that, the true Dharma of the mind is to imbibe in in its True Nature. The mind has no other religion or Dharma.<br />
<br />
•ਜਿਨਿ ਆਤਮ ਤਤੁ ਨ ਚੀਨ੍ਆਿ ॥ ਸਭ ਫੋਕਟ ਧਰਮ ਅਬੀਨਿਆ ॥ : Whoever does not Realize the Essence or Reality of the Soul (ਆਤਮਾ ਦੀ ਅਸਲੀਅਤ…), all his religious acts are of no value – worthless (sggs 1351).<br />
<br />
However it is not easy for a mortal to recognize or accept this Truth. Because it is not easy for the mortal to ignore the immediate reality of the enchanting world of gross objects in which he is born into and conditioned into. From the very childhood, our minds are filled with non-facts, biases, rigidity, lies, doubts, confusion, Pakhand (hypocrisy), anti-Gurmat stand of the self-serving Pujaaree (clergy), meaningless rituals or Karamkaand in homes and Gurdwaras, superstitions etc.<br />
<br />
In short, the Truth or the mind’s Original Nature (Jot Saroop) is hidden among the layers of attractions of this mundane world, which seems enchanting and mirage-like. Furthermore, it is hidden among the layers of the false ego-sense or Haumai (layers of lust, anger, greed, attachment, pride, etc.).<br />
<br />
That is why the Gurbani in SGGS repeatedly stresses the basic truth of the mind’s Original Nature or Jot Saroop as that which is Eternal, Unchanging (‘ਅਚੁਤ ਅਬਿਨਾਸੀ’…) etc., which transcends the finite worldly existence.<br />
<br />
•ਆਤਮ ਮਹਿ ਰਾਮੁ ਰਾਮ ਮਹਿ ਆਤਮੁ ਚੀਨਸਿ ਗੁਰ ਬੀਚਾਰਾ ॥ : Omnipresent God (Universal Energy…) is in soul, and soul is in Omnipresent God. This is realized through Reflecting on the Guru’s Shabad. (sggs 1153).<br />
<br />
But, due to our readiness to engage and associate with doubts, likes and dislikes (i.e., duality), worldly traps, Vaasnaas (latent tendencies…), Haumai, etc., some of us may not grasp this Truth. For when we engage in this search (ਖੋਜ) while caught in the worldliness (Mayaic deeds), the effort becomes a self-defeating one.<br />
<br />
That’s where the Gur-Wisdom (Gur-Giyan) guides us and rescues us. The Gur-Giann urges us to Understand that the entire universe is a manifestation of the One Formless Reality (Jot). The Gurbani wants us to remember at all times that mind’s Original or Original Nature is this Jot Saroop. For that, the Gurbani advises us to surrender and look inward and search for our True Identity – Jot Saroop, which is beyond all limiting features and functions of the gross body-frame.<br />
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•ਗਤਿ ਮਿਤਿ ਪਾਈ ਆਤਮੁ ਚੀਨੀ ॥੪॥ : Understanding my ownself, (now, I) have come to realize the value of development (i.e., expansion-progress-blooming of intellect). (sggs 227).<br />
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''Non-apprehension of Jot Saroop''<br />
This Energy ‘Jot Saroop‘ is always active, urgent and compelling. Our mind and false ego-sense numbs and blinds our senses hampering our ability to reach experience our Jot Saroop within. This is why a precondition for Happiness is that the mind has to be stilled and silenced.<br />
<br />
•ਜੋਤਿ ਸਰੂਪ ਸਦਾ ਸੁਖਦਾਤਾ ਸਚੇ ਸੋਭਾ ਪਾਇਦਾ ॥੩॥ : Jot Saroop is ever the giver of Happiness. The mortal who realizes his Jot Saroop becomes glorious. ||3|| (sggs 1036).<br />
<br />
Consider a man walking at night imagines a snake on a rape lying on the ground. He runs for a stick to hit the snake. When he realizes that there is no such thing as a snake, but there is only an innocent rope, his fear disappears since the snake vision itself is falsified. His problem is dissolved and his search for a stick also ends. <br />
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•ਗੁਰ ਕੈ ਬਾਣਿ ਬਜਰ ਕਲ ਛੇਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਗਟਿਆ ਪਦੁ ਪਰਗਾਸਾ ॥ ਸਕਤਿ ਅਧੇਰ ਜੇਵੜੀ ਭ੍ਰਮੁ ਚੂਕਾ ਨਿਹਚਲੁ ਸਿਵ ਘਰਿ ਬਾਸਾ ॥ : The Gur-arrow (of Wisdom or Giyan) has pierced the dark state (of my mind -imaginations, ਫੁਰਨੇ…) and the state of illumination (light of Wisdom) has dawned upon me. In the darkness of Maya, I mistook the rope for the snake, but that is over, and now I dwell in the Home (within – state of ever Bliss, Jot Saroop…). (sggs 332).<br />
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Hence, the experience of a deluded mind is only due to the non-apprehension of its real ‘Aadhaar’ (Support or Substratum). Knowledge or apprehension of this real ‘Aadhaar’ would remove the illusion called mind (Gurmukh Lifestyle…).<br />
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In short — according to the Gurmat Wisdom — False ego-sense (Haumai or deluded mind) disappears by realizing the Satigur’s Giyan-Wisdom, then ONLY the shining Jot remains, within!<br />
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•ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਮਿਲਿਐ ਹਉਮੈ ਗਈ ਜੋਤਿ ਰਹੀ ਸਭ ਆਇ ॥ : When the Satigur (Giyan-Wisdom) is realized, the false ego-sense is dispelled, then ONLY the shining Jot remains or stays behind, within! (sggs 510).<br />
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•ਕਉਨ ਵਡਾ ਮਾਇਆ ਵਡਿਆਈ ॥ ਸੋ ਵਡਾ ਜਿਨਿ ਰਾਮ ਲਿਵ ਲਾਈ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥ … ਕਹੁ ਨਾਨਕ ਇਹੁ ਤਤੁ ਬੀਚਾਰਾ ॥ ਬਿਨੁ ਹਰਿ ਭਜਨ ਨਾਹੀ ਛੁਟਕਾਰਾ ॥੩॥੪੪॥੧੧੩॥ : Nobody is great (high, big etc.) with the glory he got due to Maya (material wealth) in the world. (He) alone is great, who is attuned to Raam (Mool, Jot Saroop etc.). ||1||Pause|| … Says Nanak, after consideration (I) have come to this point or conclusion: Without connecting with ‘Hari’ (i.e., Mool, Jot Saroop etc.) there is no escape (freedom or liberation from Maya, Trishanaa etc.). ||3||44||113|| (sggs 188).<br />
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Thus the term ‘Jot’ or Light conferred in the Gurbani is not used in the sense of grosser light of candles, electric bulbs, and so on. It denotes the Universal or Cosmic Energy, Infinite Wisdom, System-Rule-Law of Nature etc. that vibrates, creates, guides, controls, directs, sustains and animates every particle of the Cosmos.<br />
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•ਜੋਤਿ ਸਰੂਪੀ ਤਤ ਅਨੂਪ ॥ ਅਮਲ ਨ ਮਲ ਨ ਛਾਹ ਨਹੀ ਧੂਪ ॥੧੧॥ : That Jot Saroop which is the Essence of the whole world is incomparable. (Jot Saroop) is stainless, there is no darkness of ignorance and there is no fire (of Bikaar: lust anger, greed, etc.). ||11|| (sggs 344).<br />
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Source:- [https://www.gurbani.org/gurblog/nature-of-joti-svaroopa/ Gurbani.org]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Giani_Surinder_Singh_SamratGiani Surinder Singh Samrat2024-02-28T18:36:04Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "Mahakaal Giani Surinder Singh Khalsa Samrat ji is the Head granthi of Budha Dal, he is also a Katha Vachak."</p>
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<div>Mahakaal Giani Surinder Singh Khalsa Samrat ji is the Head granthi of Budha Dal, he is also a Katha Vachak.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/ChhinaChhina2024-02-26T13:58:54Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* Notable people from this clan */</p>
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<div>==Chhina or Cheena Jats==<br />
Chhina (छीना)<ref>[[B S Dahiya]]:[[Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)]], p.237, s.n.42 </ref> Chheena (छीना)<ref>[[Dr Pema Ram]]:[[Rajasthan Ke Jaton Ka Itihas]], p.300</ref><ref>[[Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I]],s.n. छ-13. </ref> <ref>[[Dr Ompal Singh Tugania]]: [[Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu]], p.38, sn-760.</ref> is a gotra of Jats dwelling in Punjab , India and Pakistan . Hiuen-Tsang mentions a kingdom of Chinabhukti in eastern Punjab. <ref>A. Cunningham, op. cit., p. 230</ref> The Chhina are distinct from the Cheema, also well-known tribe of Jats. The Chhina are also an important clan of the Thal desert, and I would ask the reader to look at my post on the Bhachar tribe, which gives some background information on the region, and tribes found there. They are among the most widespread of the Jat tribes stretching from the Mianwali Thal to the Jalandhar Doab. In the Doab region, the Chhina are largely Sikh.<br />
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==Origins==<br />
They are said to be descendants of Chandravanshi King Yayati 's son Anu . It is originated from China (चीना), one of The Mahabharata Tribes .<br />
According to tribal traditions, they are really a branch of the Bhatti Rajputs. Almost all the various Chhina groups claim to have come from Bhattiana, a region which now covers Sirsa, northern Rajasthan, and the old Firozpur district. Horace Arthur Rose, the early 20th Century British ethnologist wrote the following about this region:<br />
On the south-east border of the Punjab the subject population of Bikaner is largely composed of Bhattis, and tradition almost always carries us back to the ancient city of Bhatner, which lies on the banks of the long since dry Ghaggar, in the territory of that State bordering on Sirsa. But in that tract, which corresponds to the old Bhattiana, the Bhatti is no longer a dominant tribe and the term is loosely applied to any Muhammadan Jat or Rajput from the direction of the Sutlej, as a generic term almost synonymous with Rath or Pachhada. <br />
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Indeed prior to partition, there were three Chhina Jats village in the Sirsa Tehsil, along the border with Bikaner, now district in Haryana. The Bahawalpur Chhinas claimed to have from this region. They closely connect themselves with the Wattu and Joiya tribes, and give the following genealogy: The Muslim Chhina of southern Punjab and the Thal claim descent from Pheru, 18th in descent from Chhina, who was converted to Islam by Bawa Farid-ud-Din of Pakpattan ((c. 4 April 1179 – 7 May 1266). Their genealogy gives them a common origin with the Wattus : —<br />
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Uchchir → Jay-Pal → Chhina<br />
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Uchchir → Raj-Pal → Wattu<br />
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==History==<br />
[[B S Dahiya]]<ref>[[Jats the Ancient Rulers (A clan study)/Jat Clan in India]],p. 249</ref> writes that Hiuen-Tsang mentions a kingdom of Chinabhukti in eastern Punjab . Chhinas are now found near Jalandhar and it is the place where certain Chinese prisoners were kept by the Kushana rulers. Markandeya Purana <ref>Ch.57. verse, 39</ref> and Mahabharata places them with the Kambojas . Mahavatsu mentions their assembly whose decisions were binding. <ref>Vol. I, p. 171</ref><br />
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Chhinas are also mentioned by Varahamihira , along with ' Jatasura ' ( Jata + Asura ), Potals , Bhallas etc.<ref>[[Bhim Singh Dahiya]]: [[Jats the Ancient Rulers]], p. 268</ref> Mahabharata Bhisma Parva in Sanskrit mentions about the province of Chhinas along with Mirdhas and Mali clans.<ref>तदैव [[Mirdha|मरधाश]] [[Chhina|चीनास]] तदैव दश [[Mali|मालिकाः]] । कषत्रियॊपनिवेशाश च वैश्यशूद्र कुलानि च (VI .10.65)</ref> Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned it as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia . <br />
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Chhina is mentioned in Sabha Parva Mahabharata.<ref>[[Chhina|चीनान]] [[Huna|हूनाञ]] [[Saka|शकान]] [[Odra|ओडून]] पर्वतान्तरवासिनः । वार्ष्णेयान हारहूणांश च कृष्णान हैमवतांस तदा (II.47.19)<br />
</ref><br />
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==H.A. Rose on Chhina==<br />
H.A. Rose<ref>[[A glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province By H.A. Rose Vol II]], p.168</ref> writes that '''[[Chhina]] (छीना)''' [[Jat]] clan is found in [[Shahpur]] and [[Amritsar]]. The Chhina are undoubtedly distinct from the Chima Jats of Sialkot and Gujranwala, though the two tribes are frequently confused. That there are Chhina in Sialkot appears from the fact that the town of Jamke in that District was founded by a Chhina Jat who came, from Sindh and retained the title of Jam, the Sindhi equivalent for Chaudhri. Yet if the Chhina spread up the Chenab into Sialkot and the neighbouring Districts in large numbers, it is curious that they should not be found in the intermediate Districts through which they must have passed. The Chhina are also found in Mianwali and in Bahawalpur state. In the latter they are mainly confined to the Minchinabad kārdāri, opposite Pakpattan, and there have three septs, Tareka Mahramka and Azamka, which own land. Other septs are tenants. Their genealogy gives them a common origin with the with the Wattu”.<br />
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However, I believe Rose is wrong to say that there were no Chhina in the intermediate districts. Gujranwala and Sheikhupura both had a large Chhina presence.<br />
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There are a number of other traditions as to the origin of the Chhina. In a second genealogy, claimed by the Chhina of Sialkot, Chhina was a descendant of Jaypal, the brother of Rajpal, from whom are descended the Wattu. Rose also lists an alternate theory of the Chheena being descended from Raja Agarsen Surajbansi. According to the Manjha tradition, where the Chheena had a slight Sikh majority, they were a clan of the Jadubansi Kshatriya. Their ancestor was a Chheena Rao, who was one of the sixteen sons of Raja Salawan, the mythical ruler of Punjab. He held the lands between the Ravi and the Beas. However, Sir Lepel Henry Griffin alludes to Miru, the founder of the Chheena villages in Amritsar district, as a Gill Jat. The Bhatti are also a Jadubansi clan, therefore the claim of the Manjha Chhina to be Jadubansi does not contradict the claim of the Muslim Chhena of the Ghaghar and Sutlej to be Bhatti.<br />
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Finally Dr Lal Bux Naich, who has written extensively on the Jat tribes of Punjab gives the following geneology:<br />
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Moolraj → Chachak Raj → Saroya → Mal Raj (ancestors of the Malhi Jats) → Naich → Naul→ Cheena Pal<br />
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The trouble with this geneology, which connect the Chhina will the Naul and Naich tribes, generally goes against most Chhina origin stories, which connects them with the Wattu and Bhatti from the Bhattiana region.<br />
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==Migration into Western Punjab==<br />
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Rose mentions that there was a migration of various Jat clans, including the Chheena from Bahawalpur and Multan, in the early 15th century. These clans went up the Indus, gradually occupied the country on the edge of the Mianwali Thal, and then crossed the Indus. The Chhina were one of these clan, and came to hold large tracts in the Thal. In the Thal, the Chhina country lies between the Thal Desert and the part of Chenab river valley, which flows after its confluence with the Jhelum River at Atharan Hazari in Jhang district. Parts of the districts of Jhang, Bhakkar, Muzaffargarh, and Layyah form this region. In Bhakkar, the Chhina lands extend across from Chhina, Behal, Lappi and Notak, on the edge of the Kachha, to Mankera and Haidarabad on the further side of the Thal. These Chhina are interesting, as they founded an independent principality, which was destroyed by the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh. The Chhina Maliks of Mankera in Bhakkar District have maintained their influence in this part of the Thal throughout Sikh and British rule and remain influential now. Malik Ghazanfar Abbas Cheena was the member of the Punjab Assembly until the last election in 2018.<br />
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A second group of Chhinas migrated northwards, founding the town of Jamke, near Sialkot. All the other Chhinas of Sialkot and Gujrat claim to have originated from Jamke. Chheena settlement in then spread further north of Punjab, which the Chhina settling in Jhelum and Gujarkhan Tehsil of Rawalpindi. Rose claims that founder of the tribe held the held the title of Sindhi title Jam. Its hard to confirm this fact, as the Chhina in Thal, and the river valleys of Jhelum and Chenab hold the title Malik. The village of Jajopur near Pasrur, was found by a group of Chhina who moved from Jamke. Similarly, the village of Chhina near Khankah Dogaran in Shiekhupura District, was also founded by immigrants from Jamke.<br />
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The Chhina are now found in Gujrat, Jhelum and Rawalpindi, these Chhina all claim to have orignated in Jamke. In Jhelum District, they are found in the villages of Malikpur and Shah Kamir.<br />
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==Distribution==<br />
===Distribution in Madhya Pradesh===<br />
'''Villages in Nimach district'''<br />
They are found in Nayagaon Jawad in Nimach district in Madhya Pradesh .<br />
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===Distribution in Haryana===<br />
'''Villages in Hisar district'''<br />
Budana , Mirachpur ,<br />
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'''Villages in Kaithal district'''<br />
Kathana ,<br />
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===Distribution in Punjab===<br />
Villages in Mansa district<br />
Kasampur Chhina<br />
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'''Villages in Amritsar district'''<br />
Chhina population is 5,838 in Amritsar district.<br />
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Harse Chhina ( Ajnala ), Sathiala ,<br />
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'''Villages in Gurdaspur district'''<br />
Chinna Veeran named Village is in Batala tahsil in Gurdaspur district in Punjab .<br />
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Chhina , Chhina Bet , Chhina Reetwala Villages are in Gurdaspur tahsil in Gurdaspur district in Punjab .<br />
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===Distribution in Pakistan===<br />
The Chhina are completely distinct from the Cheema , although the two clans are often confused. They claim descent from the Johiya Rajputs. The Chhina are found throughout Punjab. Historically, the Chhina were also found in Amritsar , Gurdaspur and Jalandhar districts of East Punjab. In west Punjab they were found in Lahore , Sargodha , Gujranwala , Gujrat , Jhelum , Rawalpindi and Mianwali . The Chhina are one of the larger tribes of the Gujar Khan Tehsil of Rawalpindi . In Bhakkar , they occupy the northern third of the district. In Multan , they were one of the larger of the Saraiki-speaking tribes.<br />
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According to 1911 census, this was the principal Muslim Jat clan in districts with population:<br />
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'''Gujranwala District''' - Chhina (3,252)<br />
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'''Lahore District''' - Chhina (742)<br />
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'''Amritsar District''' - Chhina (739)<br />
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'''Gurdaspur District''' -Chhina (395)<br />
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'''Rawalpindi District''' - Chhina (692)<br />
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'''Shahpur ( Sargodha District) District''' - Chhina (1,299)<br />
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'''Lyalpur District''' ( Faisalabad District)<br />
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'''Mianwali District''' - Chhina (3,076)<br />
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'''Dera Ghazi Khan District''' - Chhina (706)<br />
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==Notable people from this clan==<br />
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•[[Bhai Bidhi Chand Chhina]] (d. 1640) was a gursikh warrior as well as religious preacher of the time of Guru Hargobind.<br />
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•[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comrade_Achhar_Singh_Chhina Comrade Achhar Singh Chhina] - (1899–1981) was a communist politician and freedom fighter. He served as an MLA in the Punjab Legislative Assembly for two terms. In 1962, he contested Lok Sabha election from Tarn Taran but was defeated by 1990 votes.<br />
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•HS Chhina – IAS, Chief Secretary Government of Punjab in 1976<br />
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•Bishan Singh of Chhinah , Chhina-Jat, From Amritsar district was in the List of Punjab Chiefs.<br />
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==Sources==<br />
[https://newpakhistorian.wordpress.com/tag/chhina-surname-caste/ Pakhistorian]<br />
[https://www.jatland.com/home/Chhina Jatland]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Jathedar_Baba_Avtar_Singh_Ji_SursinghJathedar Baba Avtar Singh Ji Sursingh2024-02-26T13:17:24Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created blank page</p>
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<div></div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sampardaye_Dal_Panth_Baba_Bidhi_Chand_sahib_jiSampardaye Dal Panth Baba Bidhi Chand sahib ji2024-02-26T13:16:50Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created blank page</p>
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<div></div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/ChhapolaChhapola2024-02-11T14:45:39Z<p>Namansank: Added categories</p>
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<div>Chhapola or Narula is the surname in [[Khatri|Punjabi khatris]] Along with Mohan Khatris 'Chhapola' is a part of khatri caste in the series of Khosla, Narula, Chhabra and so on.<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Social Groups]]<br />
[[Category:Social Groups of India]]</div>Namansankhttps://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sajjan_Singh_RangrootSajjan Singh Rangroot2024-02-06T18:15:18Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>[[Image:Sajjan Singh Rangroot.jpeg|thumb|800px|Sajjan Singh Rangroot|link=Special:FilePath/Sajjan Singh Rangroot.jpeg]]<br />
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Sajjan Singh Rangroot is a 2018 Indian Punjabi-language war drama film directed by Pankaj Batra. It stars Diljit Dosanjh ,Yoghraj Singh and Sunanda Sharma.<br />
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Sajjan Singh Rangroot was a real-life Indian soldier who served in the British Indian Army during World War I. He was known for his bravery and leadership during the war. His story has been the subject of a Punjabi-language film titled "Sajjan Singh Rangroot". The film portrays the experiences of Indian soldiers fighting in the trenches of the Western Front during World War 1.<br />
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Sajjan Singh Rangroot, whose full name was Subedar Sajjan Singh, was born in the village of Dalowal in Punjab, India, in 1888. He belonged to the Sikh Rajput community and was known for his physical strength and courage. During World War I, he joined the British Indian Army and served as a soldier in the 15th Sikh Regiment. “Recruit” of English language, in colloquial Punjabi is spoken as “Rangroot” rather than recruit.<br />
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Sajjan Singh Rangroot fought in various battles on the Western Front, including the Battle of Neuve Chapelle, Battle of Festubert, and Battle of Givenchy. He displayed exceptional bravery and leadership skills during these engagements, earning the respect of his fellow soldiers and commanding officers.<br />
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One incident that highlights his bravery is the Battle of Hollebeke in 1915. During the battle, Sajjan Singh Rangroot led a small group of soldiers in capturing a German machine gun position. Despite being severely wounded, he continued to inspire his men and hold the position until reinforcements arrived. His actions in this battle earned him the prestigious Indian Order of Merit (IOM), an award for gallantry in the face of the enemy.<br />
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Sajjan Singh Rangroot's story gained wider recognition through the Punjabi-language film titled "Sajjan Singh Rangroot," which was released in 2018. The film, directed by Pankaj Batra and starring Diljit Dosanjh in the titular role, portrays the experiences of Indian soldiers during World War I and highlights the challenges they faced on the Western Front.<br />
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Sajjan Singh Rangroot's story serves as a reminder of the contributions and sacrifices made by Indian soldiers during World War I, who fought alongside their British counterparts in the conflict. His bravery and dedication continue to be remembered as part of India's military history.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Gurbar_AkaalGurbar Akaal2024-02-04T10:03:13Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "GURBAR AKAAL! (Wahe)gur(u) Bar(ra) Akaal 'The Great Waheguru, The Timeless Lord' or 'The Almighty One'."</p>
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<div>GURBAR AKAAL!<br />
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(Wahe)gur(u) Bar(ra) Akaal<br />
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'The Great Waheguru, The Timeless Lord'<br />
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or 'The Almighty One'.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Shaheed_Bhai_Tarsem_SinghShaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh2024-02-04T06:22:32Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "Khalistan Commando Force “Chu kar az hama heelte dar guzasht, halal ast burdan ba shamshir dast” “When all other means have failed, it is righteous to draw the sword.” To put a stop to the betrayal and attacks on Sikhs in India, the son of Guru Gobind Singh Ji stepped forward to put an end to all this, he glowed like the sun. The name of the man with great power is Sant Jarnail Singh Ji Khalsa Bhindranwale, such a name that is caused the minds of the enemies t..."</p>
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<div>Khalistan Commando Force<br />
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“Chu kar az hama heelte dar guzasht, halal ast burdan ba shamshir dast”<br />
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“When all other means have failed, it is righteous to draw the sword.”<br />
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To put a stop to the betrayal and attacks on Sikhs in India, the son of Guru Gobind Singh Ji stepped forward to put an end to all this, he glowed like the sun. The name of the man with great power is Sant Jarnail Singh Ji Khalsa Bhindranwale, such a name that is caused the minds of the enemies to tremble, but also was a conqueror of the revolution movement. Sant Ji was blessed with god’s grace that with every word he uttered, he inspired Sikh youth so much that they treaded on sharp petals without caring about their lives. Warriors like Bhai Jagtar Singh Hawara, Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana, and Professor Davinderpal Singh Bhullar etc are inspirations to the world.<br />
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After the attack on Sri Darbar Sahib in 1984, many Khadku groups were established. One of them was Khalistan Commando Force. The name of the deputy chief of KCF Shaheed Bhai Sukhwinder Singh Pappu Gora, still beats in the heart of the Sikh Sangat. Whenever Bhai Pappu Gora is talked about, his close companion Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh alias Jatt, who was the lieutenant general of KCF is always mentioned too. When fighting against the enemy these warriors would put aside their differences and unite together, which made the golden history for the Sikh Kaum. This year will be the 25th anniversary of the attack on Sri Darbar Sahib, even after all these years the pain of the Sikh Kaum has never decreased. Rather than help heal the wounds of the Sikh Kaum, the Hindu nation supported the genocide in November 1984.<br />
[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg|thumb|800px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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Tears of blood flowed from the eyes of Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh when talking about the attack on Sri Akal Takhat Sahib, Bhai Sahib attained Shaheedi to uphold the pride of the Sikh Kaum. This brave warrior was born in the village of Divaniwal (Gurdaspur) near the city of Batala. Bhai Sahib was born in the house of Sardar Sharan Singh and from the womb of Mata Harnam Kaur in 1950. From childhood Bhai Sahib’s nature was sweet and warm. Bhai Sahib wasn’t educated much, he helped his father in their home business of farming. In 1978 Bhai Sahib got married to Bibi Dalbir Kaur, who was from the village of Shahpur Poorbiya, according to Gurmat traditions in front of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Three boys and one girl were born in Bhai Sahib’s house. Bhai Sahib was so inspired by Sant Jarnail Singh Ji Khalsa Bhindranwale’s Sikhi parchar that in 1983 Bhai Sahib and Bibi Dalbir Kaur took Amrit at Gurdwara Falahi Sahib near Batala. After taking Amrit Bhai Sahib became nitnemi and started to concentrate on memorising Gurbani off by heart.<br />
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Bhai Sahib would often go to Manji Sahib Diwan Hall in Amritsar with Sangat to listen to Sant Jarnail Singh Ji Khalsa’s parchar. Bhai Sahib had a lot of love for Baba Maan Singh Malakpur, he had allot of respect for him and Sant Jarnail Singh Ji Khalsa Bhindranwale.<br />
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Sant Jarnail Singh Ji Khalsa Bhindranwale would hug the warriors who would stand up against the evil Hindu system. The enemies of the Sikh Kaum couldn’t tolerate the progress that was being made by the Sikh Kaum, so they and the Indian Army launched an attack on Sri Darbar Sahib in June 1984, on the day of the 5th Guru’s Shaheedi Purab to target the pilgrims and the Sikh revolutionaries. Another 37 other Gurdwara Sahib’s were also attacked. The Hindutva people tried very hard to crush the Sikh Kaum, that same Kaum that happily sacrificed their lives for Hindustan. The ruthless Indian Army blew up the most beloved Sikh shrine Sri Akal Takhat Sahib with Tanks and missiles. The army stole precious artefacts from the Sikh Reference Library. The Sikh youth were left with nothing but disappointment, which lead to the courage of fighting and dying, which is still alive today.<br />
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The Singh’s of KCF gave Bhai Tarsem Singh the nickname of Jatt. During them days Bhai Sahib was in the village of Kalliya (Gurdaspur). Bhai Tarsem Singh was born in the village of Divaniwal, his land was in Malakpur, and Bhai Sahib went from Malakpur to Kaliyan quiet regularly. Bhai Sahib buried the weapons given by Bhai Gora Sahib at a secret location. A good person had informed Bhai sahib that the police were headed in the direction of the village. This was the police of Dera Baba Nanak who was going from village to village to get information.<br />
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Bhai Tarsem Singh was in the Gurdwara Sahib, he had bowed down to Guru Ji and took permission and left, he managed to hide the weapons before the police came and was out of the village by the time the police got to there. When the police arrived in the village they asked a villager, “Which one is Jatt’s bambi (water tubal)?” The villager replied, “Brother all of these bambiya are owned by jatts.” On Hearing this, the inspector got angry and started swearing at the villager and beat him up badly. Houses were searched and the innocent villages were harassed, eventually at 11am the Dera Baba Nanak Police left.<br />
<br />
The Khadku Singh’s shook the throne of Delhi. One afternoon the Batala police arrived at the village Kalliya (Gurdaspur). It was worth mentioning that Bhai Sahib was very sharp and quick, just like Baba Bidhi Chand, who never let the enemies get their hands on the precious weapons. The police force from Batala arrived at Bhai Sahib’s door step. The police committed such a cowardly act, they tied up Bhai Sahib’s Bhujangi Singh’s and beat them up, they were tied up for many hours and were humiliated and were asked were there father was. What could the children have said? Even Bibi Ji and Bhai Sahib’s daughter weren’t spared and were pushed around. The police officers would stand on the fingers off their feet and put all their weight on them. On the other side Bhai Sukhwinder Singh Pappu Gora, Bhai Tarsem Singh Jatt and other KCF companions received the full news of what happened because Bhai Pappu Gora had more informers then the Indian security forces. The reason is selfless sewa. A kind hearted police man secretly gave the children milk to drink. The police force wrecked Bhai Sahib’s house. Two days later BSF arrived at the house. The deputy chief of KCF Bhai Sukhwinder Singh Pappu Gora secretly sent a message to the family to get out safely, as they are going to attack the Hindustani forces and wipe them out. The words of Bhai Sahib and Bhai Pappu Gora were, “We will tell the Hindu forces what the consequences of turning a Khadku Singh’s house into a police station are.”<br />
<br />
The Khalistan Commando’s were in full swing to attack the security forces, but Bibi Ji and Bhai Sahib’s children were under strict surveillance and couldn’t get out the house without being seen, so the Singh’s had to change their plan. If they had attacked then Bhai Sahib’s family wouldn’t have been able to survive. The security forces never managed to get their hands on the Khadku Singh and neither their weapons. After 14 days the security forces left the house but the police stopped by every few days. After that whenever Bhai Sahib and his Jatha done an action the police would end up going to Bhai Sahib’s house straight after. Sometime later, one day Bhai Sukhwinder Singh Gora, Bhai Sahib and their armed Jatha arrived at village Kalliya. The family served the Singh’s with allot of love and dedication. Bhai Sahib’s son went up to Bhai Sahib and made a request, he said, “Papa Ji, please get me a cycle.” Bhai Sahib replied to his son, “We haven’t left our homes so we can buy a cycle.” Bhai Pappu Gora was standing nearby and said, “Don’t worry son, I’ll get you a cycle.” This incident shows how Singh’s who are ready to sacrifice themselves for the Kaum are connected to their family. Bhai Sahib had to go to the other end of the country to get ammunition, the Jathebandi had very less of money to complete this mission. Bhai Sahib sold his crops and his cattle and used the money for this mission. Bhai Sahib became a living example for all. The Chief of Bhindranwale Tigers Force of Khalistan, Bhai Sukhwinder Singh Sangha also sold his land and jewellery and raised 70,000 rupees. The Sikh struggle moved up a phase due to all the ammunition which was bought.<br />
<br />
In the Batala area there was one place where Bhai Sahib and his Khadku Singh companions would stay, near that place was an active railway line. The Singh’s would remain alert as the Indian forces could come by rail and attack them. Bhai Sahib stopped the train by passing through the area by spraying bullets and causing terror, but no one was hurt. To wake up the Indian Government the Singh’s would stop a bus and take the passengers off it then wreck the bus and set it on fire. In whatever area these incidents would take place the police would never come anywhere near them.<br />
<br />
Bhai Sahib would normally need to cross the border to get the best weapons. Bhai Sahib had collected allot of ammunition and weapons for battle. It just so happened that the person Bhai Sahib left the ammunition with turned out to be a backstabber. He handed over the trolley full of arms to the police. The Singh’s were ready to finish him off but he went in hiding and saved himself. The Hindustani system will never be able to forget the attack that was carried out on the police station in Dyalgarh by the Jatha. This action was to have the police station removed from its location, the Singh’s done this action after giving many warnings to the police. Bhai Sahib’s Jatha is remembered for the Vadhala bank robbery and the attack on the police station. Talking about finishing off the evil forces, Bhai Sahib and his companions had tied a Thanedar to a tree and burned him alive for raping women and for causing so much harassment to innocent Sikh families. Talking about social work, Bhai Sahib would help poor families get their children married off. WhenBhai Sahib would help the poor Christian girls of the local community get married, for them it would be no less than a celebration. Due to Bhai Sahib’s effort to keep the progress of children as the main aim, Bhai Sahib built Shaheed Baba Deep Singh Academy Dhupsari on Kanuwal Road. Bhai Tarsem Singh Jatt and his beloved Khadku companions Bhai Amar Singh Kaarnama and Bhai Mahant Singh Malakpur went to the suburb of Ferozpur in their last days in 1990.<br />
<br />
They had to go pick up arms but Bhai Sahib had already paid the man earlier. That man who Bhai Sahib had given the sewa to pick up the weapons had many cases pending on him so he made a deal with the police that if he gives them information on the Singh’s then they would need to drop the cases against him. Now the police officers were dressed as civilians at the Gurdwara sahib, where Bhai Sahib had called the other Singh’s to meet. As the Singh’s bowed down to Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji and looked up, the evil Indian officers grabbed the Khalistan commandos, due to the police calling for more back up the 3 Singh’s were outnumbered and arrested. After being arrested the Singh’s taunted the backstabber and shouted slogans like “Khalistan Zindabad, Khalistan Commando Force Zindabad.” These slogans can still be heard in the ears of their loved ones and causes fear in the hearts of the enemies. The Singh’s were taken to Zeera police station and for two days they were mercilessly tortured. While being tortured, the Singh’s recited Waheguru.<br />
<br />
After not being able to retract any information from Bhai Sahib and the singhs, the police took a cowardly route which made thousands tremble, that is the route of fake police encounter. On the 1st of January 1992, the police took Bhai Sahib, Bhai Amar Singh Kaarnama and Bhai Mahant Singh Malakpur to a riverside of village Danewal near Zeera, where the cowardly Punjab police set up a fake police encounter. The warriors attained Shaheedi. They showed the path of how to host orange flags at the Delhi Red Fort.<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh01.jpg|thumb|180px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh01|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh02.jpg|thumb|180px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh02|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh03.jpg|thumb|180px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh03|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh04.jpg|thumb|180px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh04|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh05.jpg|thumb|180px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh05|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh06.jpg|thumb|180px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh06|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh07.jpg|thumb|180px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh07|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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[[Image:Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh08.jpg|thumb|180px|Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh08|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed Bhai Tarsem Singh.jpg]]<br />
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Via Reddit User Id:- u/Simple-Attorney5849</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Daily_AjitDaily Ajit2024-02-01T15:37:26Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "Daily Ajit is the world's largest selling Punjabi language newspaper. The newspaper is owned by the Hamdard family who are Sainis. The newspaper is run by Sadhu Singh Hamdard Trust and was founded in 1942 in Urdu language when the late Sadhu Singh Hamdard who became its first editor. Veteran journalist and ex-Rajya Sabha member, Dr. Barjinder Singh Hamdard, is the current Editor-in-Chief of this newspaper. In 2007–08, it claimed a circulation of more than 333 t..."</p>
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<div>Daily Ajit is the world's largest selling Punjabi language newspaper. The newspaper is owned by the Hamdard family who are [[Sainis]]. The newspaper is run by Sadhu Singh Hamdard Trust and was founded in 1942 in Urdu language when the late [[Sadhu Singh Hamdard]] who became its first editor. Veteran journalist and ex-Rajya Sabha member, Dr. Barjinder Singh Hamdard, is the current Editor-in-Chief of this newspaper. In 2007–08, it claimed a circulation of more than 333 thousand.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Ajit started its circulation with an Urdu language weekly edition in 1941 from Shaheed Sikh Missionary College Amritsar. Ajit Singh Ambalvi was its first editor. In November 1942, it became a daily newspaper and began printing from Lahore. After independence it moved its base to Jalandhar and Sadhu Singh Hamdard became its editor. In 1955, its name was changed to Ajit Patrika and the language was changed from Urdu to Punjabi. Later in 1957, its name was changed back to Ajit. After Hamdard's death in 1984, its present editor Barjinder Singh Hamdard took charge. In 1996, a Hindi edition titled "Ajit Samachar" was commenced and in 2002 its website was launched. Ajit established a new milestone in its historic journey by starting Hindi daily Ajit named "Ajit Samachar" to further widen the circle of its readership. It was a new and fresh message in the field of journalism. It is gratifying indeed, that Ajit Samachar, keeping its traditions alive has not only made big strides on the chosen path but has also been discharging its responsibilities in a very effective manner. This newspaper has widened the horizons of the group. Today it is successfully hosting its flag in Haryana Himachal and Jammu Kashmir.<br />
<br />
==Editors==<br />
•Ajit Singh Ambalvi (1941–1947)<br />
<br />
•Sadhu Singh Hamdard (1947–1984)<br />
<br />
•Barjinder Singh Hamdard (1984–Present)</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/BanwaitBanwait2024-01-30T13:48:56Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "The '''Banwait''' or '''Banvait''' or '''Banait''' is a sub clan of the Saini caste found in the Mohali, Ropar, Doaba and Punjab regions in India. The hierarchy of castes in Punjab varies by the region. In the Doaba region of Punjab, Sainis are ranked at the top and are a highly affluent and influential group. The word ''banait'' is also mentioned in the Dasven Padshah Da Granth, meaning a well-dressed soldier or warrior.<ref>[h..."</p>
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<div>The '''Banwait''' or '''Banvait''' or '''Banait''' is a sub clan of the [[Saini]] caste found in the [[Mohali]], [[Ropar]], [[Doaba]] and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] regions in India. The hierarchy of castes in Punjab varies by the region. In the [[Doaba]] region of Punjab, Sainis are ranked at the top and are a highly affluent and influential group. The word ''banait'' is also mentioned in the [[Dasven Padshah Da Granth]], meaning a well-dressed soldier or warrior.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110717135635/http://www.searchgurbani.com/dasam_granth/page_by_page Search Gurbani].</ref><br />
n England: Banwaits are owning dealerships/ film production house/ hotels/ business/ professionals.<br />
<br />
IN UAE: Banwaits are gold merchants and involved in government sector. <br />
<br />
Brief History:<br />
Avnash Singh Banwait-Principal at mainland Engineering collage, Surry, British Columbia, Canada<br />
<br />
==Notable Banwait Sainis==<br />
* [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]]<br />
* Gagan Singh Banwait<br />
* [[Sadhu Ram Chaudhari]]<ref>http://www.sainionline.com/sainis-in-army-and-police</ref><br />
*Manj Banwait - Punjabi Singer<br />
*MOHIT BANWAIT -FILM DIRECTOR<br />
*SANTOKH SINGH BANWAIT-CLIA LIC OF INDIA:-JATHERE AT RAKRAN DHAHAN,S.B.S NAGAR</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/TamberTamber2024-01-30T13:20:36Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "The Tamber surname is part of the Saini Jatt caste who dominate in many villages across Hoshiarpur, Nawansher, Jalandhar and Gurdaspur. Their occupancy is mostly farming and agriculture and hold a strong position in the areas they live in. Many of these communities have become successful, especially from their hard work they contribute in society, and many of the Saini Jatt community becoming NRIs. Source:- [https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Tamber Urb..."</p>
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<div>The Tamber surname is part of the [[Saini]] Jatt caste who dominate in many villages across Hoshiarpur, Nawansher, Jalandhar and Gurdaspur. Their occupancy is mostly farming and agriculture and hold a strong position in the areas they live in. Many of these communities have become successful, especially from their hard work they contribute in society, and many of the Saini Jatt community becoming NRIs.<br />
<br />
Source:- [https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Tamber UrbanDictionary]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Are_saini%27s_original_rajputs%3FAre saini's original rajputs?2024-01-30T13:12:05Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>If you are referring to Sainis of Punjab who do not intermarry outside the state, then the asnwer is Yes. They are largely descendants of Tanwar-Jadaun Rajputs who ruled Mathura, Bayana, Delhi , etc till 1100 AD. This Tanwar-Jadaun Rajput line coming down from Pandvas and Yadavas of ancient time was called "Saini" as short form of "Shoorsaini". Delhi and Mathura area was part of Shoorsaini (Surasena) kingdom and its rulers were accordingly called "Saini". The Chaunsat Khamba mural in Kaman contains the names of many Saini kings of this region.<br />
<br />
According to native accounts they came to Punjab around 11 00 AD to fight Muhammad Ghazni and other Turk invaders. Their clan names have a large overlap with Hill/Dogra Rajputs, in particularly Pathania Rajputs who are also Tanwar descent. Pathania Rajputs have a similar story of their migration from the kingdom of Delhi and Mathura around the same time. Their ancestor founded the fort of Dhameri in Pathankot which was renamed to Nurpur later on. It is to be noted that Dhamrait is a major and dominant clan of Sainis in Hoshiarpuir and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab. In the hills the same clan is found among Pathania Rajputs as Dhamrial. This clan is linked with the fort of Dhameri. Further, there is a Dhameri near Delhi as well which gives the suggestion that the identical ancestors of Pathanias and Saini Rajputs moved from this region and founded another town with the same name to preserve the memory of original home near Delhi and Mathura.<br />
<br />
Some people say that Tanwars are not Yadavs but Pandavas. But Col. Tod believed Tanwars are Yadavs. Sri Krishna also had a son called Tamra Bhadra. This line may have been named after him as Sainis of Punjab who have large number of Tanwar Rajput clans such as Badwal, Biloria, Mangar, Dhamrait (Dhamrial) , etc invariably claim Jadaun Rajput descent. Even if Tanwars are descendants of Pandavas they would still be linked with Maharaja Shoorsen (the founder of Saini dynasty) through matrilineal blood line. Truth may be somewhat in between as descendants of Yadavas and Pandavas got deeply interfused due to intermarriages.<br />
<br />
ABO blood group analysis of Sainis and Hill Rajputs published in American Journal of Physhical Anthropology in 1961 showed almost identical strains (with non-significant differences) which further gives credence to the view that the latter or the former have originated from each other. The term "Saini" or "Shoorsaini" is much older in history than the term Rajput which also gives the indication that many of Jadaun and Tanwar Rajput clans originated from Saini rulers of Mathura and Delhi.<br />
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Source:- [https://history.answers.com/world-history/Are_saini%27s_original_rajputs answers.com]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/DhamraitDhamrait2024-01-30T13:10:15Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>"Dhamrait" (sometimes also written as "Dhamrial" or "Dhamial). It is derived from the name of "Dhameri" which is the old name of Nurpur. Dhamrait is among the largest [[Saini]] clans.<br />
<br />
Further , the reviver of the Shoorsaini lineage is also described as Dharmapal , a Yadava dynasty king who rule [[Shoorsaini]] kingdom around 7-8 CE. The town of Dhameri is given in Tarik-e-Alfi as "Dahmala" where a Rajput fort was located and it which fell to Muslims after a fierce battle. The town of "Dhameri" (now Nurpur) which in turn was most likely named after the Shoorsaini king Dharmapal (Pkt. Dhampal) who was the ancestor of Jeth Pal (per Bhat Mookji).<br />
<br />
It is to be noted that Dhamrait is a major and dominant clan of Sainis in Hoshiarpur and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab. In the hills the same clan is found among Pathania Rajputs as Dhamrial. This clan is linked with the fort of Dhameri. Further, there is a Dhameri near Delhi as well which gives the suggestion that the identical ancestors of Pathanias and Saini Rajputs moved from this region and founded another town with the same name to preserve the memory of original home near Delhi and Mathura.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Is_any_relation_of_Punjabi_saini_caste_with_pathania_caste%3FIs any relation of Punjabi saini caste with pathania caste?2024-01-30T13:01:42Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "First understand the meaning of terms "Pathania" and "Saini" . Pathania is derived from "Pratishtana", meaning "the firmly established place." It does not signify any ancestry or tribe per se. This name was given to a place near modern Pathankot by Rajputs who had migrated from Delhi and Mathura in around 11 C.E. The term "Saini" is the short for "Shoorsaini". Shoorsaini was the name of Tomara-Yaduvanshi tribe which ruled areas surrounding Delhi, Mathura, Bayana and Bha..."</p>
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<div>First understand the meaning of terms "Pathania" and "Saini" . Pathania is derived from "Pratishtana", meaning "the firmly established place." It does not signify any ancestry or tribe per se. This name was given to a place near modern Pathankot by Rajputs who had migrated from Delhi and Mathura in around 11 C.E.<br />
<br />
The term "Saini" is the short for "Shoorsaini". Shoorsaini was the name of Tomara-Yaduvanshi tribe which ruled areas surrounding Delhi, Mathura, Bayana and Bharatpur.<br />
<br />
Pathania as the caste exists today claims to be a chandravanshi Tomara Rajput tribe found in sub mountainous Punjab and HP. They claim origin from the rulers of Delhi which was a part of Shoorsaini kingdom. Further , according to their bardic records, they came to sub mountainous Punjab around 11 CE under the leadership of Raja Jeth Pal of Delhi. Jeth Pal is given in the lineage of Shoorsaini (skt. Surasena) kings per the bard Mookji (the bard of Khichi Chauhans). It is said that when Jeth Pal came to Punjab he founded a place in Bari Doab and it was called "Pratisthana" (whence modern Pathankot). Later the name of this place also assumed a tribal identity as "Pathania" but the origin of Rajputs by this name originally lies amongst the Shoorsainis who ruled the kingdoms of Delhi and Mathura (as Jeth Pal is given in the Yaduvanshi Shoorsaini lineage by reputed bards and this lineage was in control of Delhi and Mathura in the time frame given for the migration). So the connection of Pathanias with the Shoorsainis of Delhi and Mathura is not very difficult to understand.<br />
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Sainis of Punjab also claim to be a Yaduvanshi Rajput tribe with origin from the Shoorsainis of Mathura and Delhi.<br />
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The term "Saini", as can be seen, is easily explained as a short for Shoorsaini as the tribe claims to be connected with Rajputs of Krishna's clan (from Maharaja Shoorsen, Krishna's grandfather) and also by their folk memory of origin from Mathura which was the theo-political capital of the Shoorsaini kingdom founded by Yadava king Shoorsen in the time of Mahabharata.<br />
<br />
So the connection between the two is quite obvious just from the oral legends collected from independent and unrelated sources. But the similarity does not just stop here. A number of their clan names are also identical. Some are given as follows:<br />
<br />
Dhamrait (Dhamrial/Dhamial)<br />
<br />
Salaria<br />
<br />
Mangar (Mangral)<br />
<br />
Mundra (Mundial)<br />
<br />
Thinde (Thandial)<br />
<br />
Budwal<br />
<br />
Bilowria<br />
<br />
Oghre (Oghial)<br />
<br />
Dolay (Dolariye)<br />
<br />
Annhe (Anotra)<br />
<br />
Gangawatia (Gangait)<br />
<br />
Luria (Lair)<br />
<br />
Harial (Hadwal)<br />
<br />
Dheri (Dheria)<br />
<br />
Chera (Chaharia)<br />
<br />
Janglia<br />
<br />
Jaggi (Jagait)<br />
<br />
Tirotia<br />
<br />
Taral (Talaria?)<br />
<br />
Please note that some of these clan names predate the migration of Shoorsainis to Punjab to take on Ghazni's generals as they are also found among Marathas of Tambar and Jadhav clans who also derive their ancestry from same sources.<br />
<br />
Most significant in the above list the clan name of "Dhamrait" (sometimes also written as "Dhamrial" or "Dhamial). It is derived from the name of "Dhameri" which is the old name of Nurpur. Dhamrait is among the largest Saini clans. Dhameri incidentally was the name given to the capital of Pathanias. Both have unmistakable linkage. Further , the reviver of the Shoorsaini lineage is also described as Dharmapal , a Yadava dynasty king who rule Shoorsaini kingdom around 7-8 CE. The town of Dhameri is given in Tarik-e-Alfi as "Dahmala" where a Rajput fort was located and it which fell to Muslims after a fierce battle.<br />
<br />
So the link now becomes even more obvious. Dhamrait/Dhamial is a dominant clan among both Sainis and Pathanias and is linked with the town of "Dhameri" (now Nurpur) which in turn was most likely named after the Shoorsaini king Dharmapal (Pkt. Dhampal) who was the ancestor of Jeth Pal (per Bhat Mookji).<br />
<br />
It is not difficult to see the connection thus as the origin of both Sainis and Pathanias appear to be the identical stock of Shoorsainis of Delhi and Mathura. Placed in correct historical chronology the origin of Pathanias is from the Saini Rajputs ,i,e. the Shoorsainis of Mathura.<br />
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At what time in history and for what reason the tribe bifurcated is not difficult judge. Saini areas fell in Muslim ruled plains where Hindu Rajputs were actively persecuted through forced marriages and conversions. They took up agriculture to hide themselves from Muslim persecutors, while another Saini Rajput group escaped to hills and formed a new identity as Pathania.<br />
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
(Following copied from Saini Online )<br />
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Tomara Rajputs have been described by some historians as Panduvanshis, i.e., the descedants of Pandavas. However, there are a number of historical traditions and epigraphs which would indicate that Tomaras are infact Yadavas or Shoorsainis of Krishna's tribe. Cunningham considered Tomaras to be a Yadava lineage only. Colonel Tod considered them Yaduvanshis as well but reluctantly conceded that they could be of Pandava descent based solely on a tradition given in "Prithviraj Raso" of Chand Bardai. But bardic traditions such as "Prithvi Raj Raso" are no longer regarded as reliable sources of history. It is now believed that this text contains a number of interpolations and it kept evolving till 16th or 17th century A.D. based on ahistorical speculations and embellishments of a number of bards (Ahmad, 1963 ; Gahlot et al , 1989)<br />
<br />
It could be that since Tomaras ruled Delhi as well, the later bards linked them on this basis with Pandavas because Indraprashtha (an ancient town in Delhi region) was associated with Pandavas in popular mind. It is also a likelihood that descendants of Pandavas got completely assimilated with the Shoorsainis, and the two celebrated kshatriya lineages became identical as there are no inscriptions or works dating back to Tomara rule of Delhi which link them to Pandavas. As noted before a closer examination of Tomara genealogies, which contradict not only each other but also the inscriptions associated with the Tomara rulers (Henige,1975) , reveals certian names which are also found in the Shoorsaini genealogies of Mookji and Bayana Bhat. All of these observations would indicate them only as a branch of the famed Yadavas or Shoorsainis who ruled neighboring cirties of Mathura, Bayana, Kaman, etc and other Maha Vanas, or groves, which were located close to Delhi.<br />
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Source:- [https://www.answers.com/Q/Is_any_relation_of_Punjabi_saini_caste_with_pathania_caste answers.com]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Signature_(dance_group)Signature (dance group)2024-01-29T12:45:15Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* Source */</p>
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<div>Signature are English dance duo Suleman Mirza and Madhu Singh. Their style of dance is British Bhangra and they frequently base their performances around Michael Jackson songs, such as "Billie Jean" and "Thriller". They gained wide recognition during their performances in the second series of Britain's Got Talent, in which they were runners-up to the winner street dancer George Sampson.<br />
[[Image:SignatureDanceGroupBGT.jpg|thumb|800px|SignatureDanceGroupBGT|link=Special:FilePath/SignatureDanceGroupBGT.jpg]]<br />
==Early years==<br />
Suleman Mirza is a trainee solicitor/lawyer His involvement concerns the Michael Jackson tribute moves of the dance. Madhu Singh works at PC World in Terminal 5 at Heathrow Airport. Singh's main involvement is entering part-way through the act and performing Bhangra dance. Mirza, a British Muslim of Pakistani descent, and Singh, a British Sikh of Indian descent, met when they were both auditioning separately for a student talent contest in 2000 at the University of Westminster. Being from the same part of South Asia, Punjab (a region that was carved into modern Pakistan and India during the Partition of 1947), a place well known for its dance and music, they were both interested in performing together. At the time, Mirza was a full-time economics and business student at the University of Westminster.[citation needed] This led to the formation of their dance group, Signature, in 2001. Since then, they performed their acts in various British Asian and Bollywood-themed shows, sometimes alongside several Bollywood movie stars.<br />
<br />
In addition, Mirza has worked with Chris Brown, Leona Lewis, McFly, Dannii Minogue, Jay Sean, Alexandra Burke, Sugababes, and choreographer Lavelle Smith Junior (who has choreographed for Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, and Beyoncé Knowles). In 2006, Mirza performed for Michael Jackson at the televised World Music Awards 2006 held at the Earls Court Exhibition Centre, London, where he had met Jackson in person. Singh, meanwhile, has hosted television shows on the Zee Music channel, and had also appeared on the music video for Jay Sean's "Eyes on You" in 2004.<br />
<br />
==Britain's Got Talent==<br />
===Audition===<br />
On Britain's Got Talent in their audition in London, which aired on 24 April 2008, Signature performed to "Nachna Onda Nei" by Tigerstyle featuring Kaka Bhaniawala—a bhangra tune mixed to the beat of Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean". They combined the Michael Jackson lyrics and style of dancing with traditional bhangra style music and dancing in a comedy dance act. Before the audition, Mirza said: "I don't think the judges will have ever seen an act like mine before...in this act there will be a lot of moon walking, but there is a twist, and if they weren't Michael Jackson fans before they may even turn into one."<br />
<br />
Mirza is then shown moonwalking around the stage, and performing Michael Jackson style dance moves. As he dances, Madhu Singh, dressed in a white coat, walks past the show presenters Ant & Dec at the side of the stage and makes his way onto the stage with a broom. The two then start a Bhangra/Michael Jackson "dance off", bringing with it a standing ovation from the audience and one of the judges, Amanda Holden.<br />
<br />
===Semi-final===<br />
In the first semi-final on 26 May they performed to "Thriller", winning the public vote and so went through to the final.<br />
<br />
===Final===<br />
Before the final show, Simon Cowell said that he believed that Signature were one of five acts who could win the show. In the final they again performed to "Nachna Onda Nei" and finished in the top three alongside street dancer, George Sampson and boy soprano, Andrew Johnston. Sampson won the show with Signature finishing as runners-up.<br />
<br />
==After Britain's Got Talent==<br />
Following the end of the second series of Britain's Got Talent, Signature were given the "official stamp of approval by Michael Jackson himself", while members of the Jackson family have become their fans and got in touch with Signature soon after the show ended.<br />
<br />
In June 2008, Signature were "offered a six-figure deal to be the face of Virgin Media" for its forthcoming "Bollywood on Demand" TV service. The managing director of marketing at Virgin Media, James Kydd, has commented, "Getting Signature on-board could be the perfect way for new audiences to find out more about Bollywood."<br />
<br />
In December 2008, it was announced that Signature would appear on the live tour for the fifth series of The X Factor.<br />
<br />
On 29 January 2009, they appeared as contestants on Ready Steady Cook, where they announced that they were working on a sitcom and movie script.<br />
<br />
In May 2009 they appeared in series 2, episode 5 of The Omid Djalili Show where they danced and Djalili joined in with their dance act. Signature also appeared at the Spice Times Awards 2010 as the main act. On 27 July 2012, Signature made an appearance at the opening ceremony of the London Olympics.<br />
<br />
On 21 May 2016, they performed in one of London's biggest Asian comedy and entertainment events hosted by Studio1 Media. They performed alongside many other notable faces such as; Nadia Ali, Ezza (Ezzakins), Rumena Begum (Rumena_101), Sham Idrees, Karim Metwaly (AreWeFamousNow), Sheikh Akbar, Tasha Tah, Zack Knight, Mumzy Stranger, Char Avell, Shaful Khan, Jernade Miah, Babrul Hoque (Bengali Blitz), Kawsar Ahmed (Kash), Nishat Monsur (Nish), Islah Abdur-Rahman and Michael Truong from the Corner Shop Show, Dulzy Ahmed, Hussnain Lahori, Humza Arshad, Rameet Kaur, Iksy and Bambi Bains (TeamPBN).<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_(dance_group) Wikipedia],[https://bgt.fandom.com/wiki/Signature Fandom]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Beant_ButcherBeant Butcher2024-01-27T10:21:20Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "link=Special:FilePath/Beant Singh Jhajj.jpg Beant Singh (19 February 1922 – 31 August 1995) was an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Punjab from 1992 to 1995. He was a member of Indian National Congress. He was assassinated in a Revenge bombing. ==Early life== Beant was born in Jhajj Sikh Family of Jatt Community from Bilaspur village near Doraha in Ludhiana District. The family migrated to Ca..."</p>
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<div>[[Image:Beant Singh Jhajj.jpg|thumb|800px|Beant Singh Jhajj|link=Special:FilePath/Beant Singh Jhajj.jpg]]<br />
Beant Singh (19 February 1922 – 31 August 1995) was an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Punjab from 1992 to 1995. He was a member of Indian National Congress. He was assassinated in a Revenge bombing.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Beant was born in [[Jhajj]] Sikh Family of Jatt Community from Bilaspur village near Doraha in Ludhiana District. The family migrated to Canal colonies of the West Punjab but shifted to village Kotli (Kotla Afghana) near Payal in the Ludhiana district after partition. He completed his education from the Government College Lahore. At the age of 23, he joined the army but after two years of service, decided to make a switch to politics and social work.<br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
After the 1947 partition, Beant Singh entered the Punjab politics. In 1960 he was elected chairman of block samiti (committee) of Doraha, in Ludhiana district. After serving for some time as Director of the Central cooperative bank in Ludhiana, Beant Singh entered the Punjab Vidhan Sabha (assembly) as an independent candidate in 1969.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
His son Tej Parkash Singh was minister in the Punjab government led by Harcharan Singh Brar who succeeded him. His daughter Gurkanwal Kaur is a former minister of state for social welfare and Parliamentary secretary in the Amarinder Singh government. His grandson Ravneet Singh is an MP from Ludhiana. Another grandson, Gurkirat Singh Kotli, is an MLA from Khanna. Another grandson Guriqbal Singh is DSP Punjab Police. His wife died in 2010.<br />
<br />
==Assassination of CM Butcher Beanta==<br />
[[Image:Beant Buther Dead.jpg|thumb|600px|Beant Buther Dead|link=Special:FilePath/Beant Buther Dead.jpg]]<br />
Beant Singh became the Chief Minister of Punjab on 25thFebruary 1995, with only 10% of votes and now Punjab was under the rule of Congress. Majority of the Panthic parties had boycotted the elections and the minority that did vote and given the power to the Congress party. In reality this was a one sided win for Congress.<br />
<br />
After becoming the Chief Minister of Punjab, Beant Singh gave open orders to evil men like KPS Gill, Sumedh Saini, Ajit Singh Sandhu, Izhar Alam and Ajit Phoola Nang to eliminate the Sikh freedom fighters. These orders made the Indian security forces treat Sikhs with brutality and unfairly. Everyday under rule of Beant Singh, Sikh youth were hunted and killed, the Indian security forces were killing Sikhs like mad dogs for higher ranks. Punjab had been flooded with fake police encounters. No day would pass without the police killing 8-10 Sikhs. Beant Singh had put rewards on the head of Singh. The police were also given orders to loot and kill suspicious (innocent) Sikh families. Dead bodies were seen on every street of Punjab. The Punjab police had killed innocent families and destroyed homes. Punjab had become the battlefield of Kurukshetra, dead bodies were all over Punjab. Beant Singh and KPS Gill had drowned Punjab in blood. There was no sign of this mass murder of Sikhs coming to an end, the only way to finish this was to eliminate Beant Singh before he eliminates the Sikhs, killing Beant Singh would solve all the problems of Punjab.<br />
<br />
Bhai Wadhawa Singh Babbar, Bhai Mahal Singh Babbar and Bhai Jagtar Singh Hawara held a meeting in Lahore, Pakistan in the month of November 1994. These singhs of Babbar Khalsa International had met up to find a solution of the killings of Sikhs in Punjab. “Not once, not twice but I have said many times that the killer of Punjab, CM Beant Singh must be killed as soon as possible.” This is what Bhai Wadhawa Singh Babbar said to his fellow singhs.<br />
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“Since this evil man CM Beant Singh has come into power, Punjab has turned into a slaughter house. There is not a single house in Punjab where we can’t hear mourns of a young death, there is not a single place in Punjab where there aren’t any dead bodies of Sikhs lying on the ground.” Bhai Mahal Singh Babbar added his thoughts.<br />
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“If this killing of Sikhs is not stopped then Khalistan will remain a dream. I will stop CM Beant Singh, even if it means I have to die.” Bhai Jagtar Singh Hawara said fearlessly.<br />
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“It won’t be easy killing the Chief Minister of Punjab. He has been given the Z security. We have to make a perfect plan to have any chance of completing this mission.” Said Bhai Wadhawa Singh Babbar and continued to say, “Beside Z security, Beant Singh has to groups of NSG, 120 commandoes of CRPF and 100 self-chosen police officers from Punjab police force protecting him. Breaking through these security forces to get to Beant Singh isn’t just difficult, it’s impossible.”<br />
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“Beant Singh can have as much security as he wants, I will definitely get to him.” Bhai Jagtar Singh Hawara said with confidence, “He can’t have more security then Indira Gandhi. If singhs can read her Kirtan Sohila then of which farms daikon is Beant Singh.”<br />
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“If you can complete this mission, then okay. Tell us how we can assist you in this mission.” Said Bhai Mahal Singh Babbar as he wanted to finish Beant Singh off at all costs, because since Beant Singh the Chief Minister came into power the Khalistan movement was dying day by day.<br />
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“Reaching Beant Singh is my responsibility that is my promise. You guys get me the currency and the goods to carry out this mission.” Said Bhai Jagtar Singh Hawara. A great idea was coming together in the mind of Bhai Jagtar Singh Hawara. In Pakistan, Bhai Hawara was given the training of combat and making bombs at the Khadku training camp of Pakistan.<br />
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“Okay.” Bhai Wadhawa Singh Babbar and Bhai Mahal Singh Babbar gave the answer to Bhai Jagtar Singh Hawara’s question. “We will provide the money and the RDX, let us know how much you need. That’s our responsibility, you don’t stress about that.”<br />
<br />
After making the plan of Beant Singh’s assassination, Bhai Jagtar Singh Hawara came back to Punjab, India. Bhai Hawara met Bhai Dilawar Singh and Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana, both of these singhs were police officers. Bhai Hawara now knew that the mission was possible with the inside help. Bhai Dilawar Singh was good friends with Bhai Lakhwinder Singh Lakha as they both worked in the police force and also lived in the same area, Guru Nanak Colony of Patiala. Bhai Dilawar Singh had been suspended from the police force. Bhai Lakha had another friend, Bhai Gurmeet Singh Engineer who worked in the BPL branch in Chandigarh. Bhai Lakha introduced Bhai Dilawar Singh to Bhai Engineer. Bhai Lakha and Bhai Engineer had links with Babbar Khalsa’s well-known Khadku, Bhai Jagtar Sigh Tara. These singhs always met in a rented house in the Uttar Pardesh state’s village Ratoli, this was done to not come under the radar. The singhs would regularly meet to plan the assassination of Beant Singh. Here the singhs also met Bhai Paramjit Singh Bheora and Bhai Shamsher Singh Shere. Bhai Shere was a truck driver and knew Bhai Hawara and Bhai Tara. Bhai Shere also introduced Bhai Hawara and Bhai Tara to rest of the singhs in village Ratoli. Now all these singhs had come on to one platform, to kill Beant Singh.<br />
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In August 1995, Bhai Hawara received a message that according to the promised made in Pakistan, Bhai Wadhawa Singh Babbar and Bhai Mahal Singh Babbar have delivered the currency and the goods to a village near Ajnala and now its Bhai Hawara’s duty to take care of the mission. As soon as Bhai Hawara got this message, on 10thAugust 1995, he and Bhai Shere went to Ajnala in truck, upon reaching Ajnala the singhs collected two bags of money and RDX. The bags were put in the tool box of the truck while Bhai Shere drove the truck back to Patiala. One bag was kept at Bhai Shere’s house and the other bag was kept at Bhai Hawara’s friend’s house in a nearby village. Now all the currency and goods needed to carry out this mission was in the possession of the singhs.<br />
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Now Bhai Hawara was thinking, who should the bomb be tied to kill Beant Singh via suicide bomb? How should the suicide bomber be prepared? This part of the mission was difficult, Bhai Hawara had the training in making all sorts of bombs but as this type of mission was the first on the Indian soul and it would have been difficult to prepare a singh to become a suicide bomber, but Bhai Hawara did not lose courage. “If no one wants to be a suicide bomber then I will tie the bomb to myself and become the human bomb.” Bhai Hawara thought to himself.<br />
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All the singhs met at the rented house on Ratoli village, where they would plan on how to read Beant Singh’s Kirtan Sohila. “Okay then Brothers, to kill Beant Singh one of us has to become a human bomb. Now tell me who wants to do this part of the mission, who wants to be the human bomb?” Bhai Hawara asked the question while looking at every singh in the eye. “I will be the human bomb.” Said Bhai Dilawar Singh, at this moment everybody started staring at Bhai Dilawar Singh. “No, I will be the human bomb.” Insisted Bhai Rajoana.<br />
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“One minute.” Said Bhai Hawara and the continued after a pause, “I forgot to say one thing. Whoever becomes the human bomb will definitely destroy everything in its path but also he would blow himself into pieces.”<br />
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“No problem, I will be the first human bomb.” Replied Bhai Dilawar Singh fearlessly, but Bhai Rajoana again insisted, “No, I will be the first human bomb.” Bhai Rajoana was ready to punish Beant Singh but Bhai Dilawar Singh made it clear and said, “No, first it’s my umber to be the human bomb as I was the first one to stand up to this sewa.” Knowing what will if they became the human bomb, both singhs were trying to be the first human bomb. Bhai Hawara was watching these two singhs and went into deep thought. Bhai Hawara saw his mission being complete. For a moment Bhai Hawara was seeing Beant Singh being blown into small pieces in his thoughts. Bhai Hawara sent Bhai Dilawar Singh and Bhai Rajoana to be trained in bomb carrying and making. The responsibility of making the belt that would carry the bomb was given to Bhai Engineer as he was an expert in this field.<br />
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Now Bhai Hawara, Bhai Tara and Bhai Bheora had a discussion. “The human bomb problem is now solved. Now we need an Ambassador car that will get the singhs close to the target.” Said Bhai Hawara, Bhai Tara agreed and said, “Let’s buy any old Ambassador car and get the dents and paint repaired. This isn’t a very hard job, we can buy a Ambassador car from Delhi.” Bhai Hawara smiled and said, “Okay then let’s quickly go Delhi and get the car. Delaying is the mother of destruction.”<br />
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Bhai Hawara, Bhai Tara and Bhai Bheora got ready without any delay and on 20thAugust 1995 went to Delhi on motorcycle. The singhs bought the newspapers in Delhi, not to look at the local headlines but in fact to look at advertisement of Ambassador cars. Bhai Hawara found an ad on the Hindustan Times newspaper of a navy Ambassador car in the western part of Delhi, the car was being sold by a man named, Subash Dutta. All the singh mounted onto the motorcycle and moved in the direction of Subash Dutta’s house in west Delhi. The singhs found the house, Subash Dutta came out to see who was at the door. One of the singhs said, “Hello Sir, we are from eastern Delhi and saw the advertisement for your navy Ambassador car in today’s paper.” Upon hearing this Subash Dutta showed the car with the number plate, DBA 9598 to the singhs. The singhs inspected the car like they were car dealers, as the singhs wanted Subash Dutta to think that they knew a lot about cars.<br />
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“We like your car Mr Subash, what is your price?” one of the singhs said. “Forty thousand rupees.” Replied Subash Dutta. “The price is very high. I will give 32,000 rupees. If you agree the okay or else will leave.” Said Bhai Hawara. After much hustle Subash Dutta agreed with the singhs. The singhs promised to bring the money the following morning and take the car then. The next morning, Bhai Hawara and Bhai Bheora when to Subash Dutta’s house and gave 32,000 rupees and bought the car to Bhai Tara who was resting at his brother’s house in Delhi’s Safdarjung. Bhai Tara stayed at his brother’s house with the car, while Bhai Hawara and Bhai Bheora came back to Punjab.<br />
<br />
Bhai Tara bought the car to Bhai Lakha’s house the following day. Bhai Tara told Bhai Lakha, “To kill Beant Singh and to get close to him, this car has to look like VIP car. We have to change the colour of this car to white.” Bhai Lakha answered, “I’ll get that done. I know a mechanic who will do this. I always take the VIP cars to him to be repaired.”<br />
<br />
Bhai Tara and Bhai Lakha took the car to the mechanic. Bhai Lakha told the mechanic, “This car needs repairing and painting white as soon as possible.” The mechanic said it will take 4 days for the work to be fully complete, Bhai Lakha said, “Okay, I’ll leave the car here, I will come on the fourth day.” After 4 days Bhai Tara and Bhai Lakha went back to the mechanic. When the mechanic showed the singhs their car, the singhs could not recognise the car as it looked new and like a VIP car. The singhs were happy to see the car. Bhai Tara took the car to Chandigarh. The next day Bhai Tara received a secret message from Bhai Hawara to bring Bhai Bheora with him to Punjabi University, Patiala. When the singhs reached here another message was given to them by Bhai Hawara to come to Gurudwara Dukh Nivaran Sahib. When Bhai Tara and Bhai Bheora reached the gurudwara, Bhai Hawara, Bhai Dilawar Singh and Bhai Rajoana were waiting for them. From here all five singhs drive towards the village of Kurali. From village Kurali the singhs collected the remote controlled RDX from Bhai Naseeb Singh’s house and drove to Mohali.<br />
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It was 30thAugust 1995, Bhai Dilawar Singh and Bhai Rajoana were ready to become the human bomb. The VIP Ambassador car was also ready, as well as the police uniforms. The remote controlled RDX belt was ready too. To read the Kirtan Sohila of Beant Singh, everything was ready. All the singhs were now in Chandigarh. On 30thAugust 1995, Beant Singh was not in Chandigarh, which was the only thing missing from carrying out the mission. The singhs decided to carry out the action the following day. Till then the whole team of singhs were discussing each and every point of this mission.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Bhai Dilawar Singh and Bhai Rajoana were still being stubborn on who will be the human bomb. Bhai Hawara said, “We respect your feelings, but this stubbornness is bad for the mission. Let’s do a lottery and see who gets to be the human bomb out of you two. One slip will have Bhai Dilawar Singh’s name and the other will have Bhai Rajoana’s name. The slip that is picked becomes the human bomb. Is that ok?” Bhai Dilawar Singh and Bhai Rajoana agreed. The two slips were thrown on the floor, at this moment both singhs, Bhai Dilawar Singh and Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana were doing ardas that their name is picked to be the human bomb. The slip that was picked had the name of Bhai Dilawar Singh. Bhai Dilawar Singh jumped up with excitement as his wish had come true.<br />
<br />
“Don’t worry brother Rajoana, your turn will soon come also, KPS Gill, Bhajan Lal and Rao are still alive and need their Kirtan Sohila read to them. Let’s see whose name is written on your chest.” Bhai Hawara tried to give courage to Bhai Rajoana. Bhai Dilawar Singh rang his close relatives and said, “Tomorrow something big is going to happen in Punjab. For this reason, I want you to go underground away from the police. Don’t worry about me.”<br />
<br />
On 31stAugust 2012, the VIP car of Beant Singh arrived at Chandigarh’s Secretariat. The doors of the car opened, a commando of CRPF came out of the car first then it was Beant Singh. The Indian security forces at the Secretariat which had been deployed to protect this evil man saluted Beant Singh as he walked into the Secretariat. It was roughly about 1.30 in the afternoon when Beant Singh reached the secretariat. Bhai Tara and Bhai Rajoana were already present in the Secretariat before Beant Singh reached there. Both singhs had been waiting for almost an hour for Beant Singh to arrive. Soon as Beant Singh had arrived, these two singhs got into the Ambassador car they had bought from Delhi and drove to Bhai Engineer’s house, where Bhai Dilawar Singh was. “You alright brother, has he (Beant Singh) come?” Bhai Dilawar Singh asked. “Beant Singh has reached the Secretariat.” Bhai Tara answered. There was no ending to Bhai Dilawar Singh’s happiness and said, “Very good.” Bhai Engineer made Bhai Dilawar Singh aware of his mission, “He (Beant Singh) better not reach home today.”<br />
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“He won’t reach home, my dear, he won’t reach home. No one can save Beant Singh from me, I will kill him at any cost today. Just keep your television on because before sunset the news will state that Chief Minister Beant Singh has been killed in bomb blast.” After saying this Bhai Dilawar Singh tied the RDX belt to himself. This belt had been made by Bhai Engineer. At the time of tying this belt, Bhai Dilawar Singh had no signs of regret. Bhai Dilawar Singh was looking beautiful and smart in the police uniform. Before leaving Bhai Engineer’s home, Bhai Dilawar Singh did Ardas and did a loud war cry of, “Bole So Nihal, Sat Sri Akaal” which shook the whole house. The Bhai Dilawar Singh looked at his fellow singhs and came out of the room. Bhai Dilawar Singh sat in the driving seat of the VIP Ambassador car, he smiled at the singhs setting him of and then drove the car towards the Secretariat. The VIP Ambassador car was slowly fading away in the sights of the fellow singhs.<br />
<br />
The porch of the Secretariat is full of Ambassador cars and the latest model cars of that time. Three of those have the same number plate, which are used to transport Beant Singh by the Z security to fool attackers. It was 5 o’clock in the evening, when the Chief Minister Beant Singh came out of his office to go home. All of his bodyguards had now surrounded Beant Singh and he walked towards his car with ease. No one could have guessed that the Chief Minister was getting close to death with every step he took. At that time a white Ambassador car came into the Secretariat and stopped not too far from Beant Singh’s Ambassador car, Bhai Dilawar Singh was in this car. As Bhai Dilawar Singh was in his police uniform, no one stopped him, now Bhai Dilawar Singh was in front of his target. On one side Beant Singh was getting ready to get into his car and on the other side Bhai Dilawar Singh quickly got out of the car to move towards the Chief Minister. No one was to question Bhai Dilawar Singh as he was in the police uniform. All the security guards of Beant Singh were busy looking at Beant Singh, Bhai Dilawar Singh took advantage of this and infiltrated the security forces of Beant Singh to get close to his target. Beant Singh finally sat in his car and as the driver started the engine, the commandoes started getting into the car. One bodyguard shouted, “Grab that man” pointing at Bhai Dilawar Singh, but it was too late. Soon as someone could react, Bhai Dilawar Singh was close to Beant Singh and detonated his bomb with the remote control. The explosion shook the Secretariat of Chandigarh to its root, breaking many windows. Blood and flesh could be seen all over the Secretariat. The car was blown into pieces. The Secretariat was filling up with smoke from the RDX explosion. Shaheed Bhai Dilawar Singh had completed his mission of killing the butcher of Sikhs, Chief Minister Beant Singh. The whole Sikh nation salutes the great martyr of the Sikh faith, Shaheed Bhai Dilawar Singh.<br />
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===The following day all the newspapers all over the world were talking of this action:===<br />
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A bomb that exploded inside an official car today killed the top official in the Indian state of Punjab and 12 others, including at least three members of an elite Indian security force. It was the most serious episode in the state since a decade-long insurgency by Sikh separatists was quelled two years ago. The Punjab official, Beant Singh, who was 71 years old, held the post of Chief Minister in the state of 22 million people. Witnesses said the blast occurred as Mr Singh was stepping into a heavily armoured car at the main government building in Chandigarh, the capital. Accounts from Chandigarh said the explosion threw human remains and debris more than 100 yards, and wounded 23 people, some of whom were in critical condition. State’s Police Commander, KPS Gill characterized the blast as sabotage and said there had been a “serious lapse” in security for Mr Singh, who had escaped several previous attempts on his life.<br />
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(''New York Times, 1 September 1995'')<br />
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<br />
<br />
The assassination has been called India’s most important since the killing of Rajiv Gandhi in May 1991.<br />
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(''Le Monde, 2 September 1995'')<br />
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<br />
<br />
A powerful car bomb blast in Chandigarh late in the afternoon of 31 August 1995 killed Punjab’s chief minister, Beant Singh, along with 12 others, and shook official confidence that the Sikh militancy was all but dead.<br />
<br />
(''The Guardian Weekly, 10 September 1995'')<br />
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<br />
<br />
Yet the assassination took place outside his office in an area considered very secure. A suicide bomber is suspected.<br />
<br />
(''India Today, 30 September 1995'')<br />
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Bomb Blast – Sukhdev Singh Bhullar<br />
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Source:- [[https://www.1984tribute.com/assassination-of-cm-butcher-beanta/]]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Chamkaura_JattChamkaura Jatt2024-01-27T09:39:42Z<p>Gurusinner: Added correct information, citations and books name for the whole page</p>
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<div>Meeting Chamkauriye Jat with Guru Sahib ( Another Guru-Maria Gangu ) '''He was a Namberdar of ( village Majre ) previous name of Village Chamkaur Sahib'''. He belongs to Jatt community, and his betrayal to GURU GOBIND SINGH JI is less known. And many do not accept it. '''But Court Poets ( Darbari Kavi ) of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, Mention this betrayal. Koer Singh Kalal And Senapati mention all this in their hand written verses and manuscripts.'''<ref name=":0">https://archive.org/details/SriGurSobha</ref><br />
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'''According to Guru Gobind Singh Sahib 's court poet Senapati, Koer Singh Kalal. Naranjan Aarfi Ji also mention this all in his book, and mentioned every detail and research on this subject matter.''' <br />
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Sikh historians do not hold their breath when they divide Gangu, Wajeeda and Chandu because Gangu took the younger Sahibzade and Mata Gujri to their village Saheri and ruled over them was handed over to Wajide had killed the head-eating children of Guru Sahib by hanging all the principles and prema of Islam and Chandu had the main role in making Guru Arjan Sahib a martyr. But why Chamkaure Jat was not called Dhrigkar-Dhrigkar lakhs of times who destroyed Guru Sahib's Sarbans behind kicks. Gangu was a victim of Brahmanical rites, but Chamkaura Jat was a 'Sudra', the community which Guru Sahib was responsible for giving honor to. But look at what this ungrateful Jat did to stop the Guru-was. When Guru Sahib arrived in a garden in Chamkaur, Chamkaure Jat, who was also the village's numberdar, who eats and drinks well and was influential in the area, got the news of Guru Sahib's arrival. He knew that Guru Sahib was a fugitive from the government.<ref>https://archive.org/details/rangreta-sikh-and-hindu-ranghar-history-by-naranjan-aarfi</ref><br />
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== Chamkaura Jatt Betrayal to GURU GOBIND SINGH JI ( Incident ) ==<br />
The government had laid siege to Anandgarh by spending lakhs of rupees, so if he somehow captures Guru Sahib, his task will be far greater than that of Wajeeda and his companions and the entire military power of Baidhar, because Wajeeda is still Even Guru Sahib did not succeed in capturing or capturing him alive. If he succeeds in doing this, the emperor may give him the province of Kitun. With these feelings, this number went to Guru Sahib and after much flattery, he persuaded Guru Sahib to rest in his fortress. When Guru Sahib and his companions started resting in the fort, he killed Jindra outside and informed the government. The government surrounded the fort by bringing all the army. As a result, both the great Sahibzades of Guru Sahib were martyred here, many of Guru Sahib's beloved Singhs were also martyred. Guru Gobind Singh Sahib broke through the fort and left. If Guru Sahib was captured here alive, his death would have been like Baba Banda Singh. Guru Sahib had gone far away from the reach of the enemy. If this Nambardar had not cheated and betrayed Guru Sahib, then Guru Sahib's great sons would never have been martyred. Then Vajide had to think a hundred times before killing even the younger Sahibzades. Because he always had to fear Guru Sahib's immense military power. Even Mata Gujri would never have made it to the end and in that situation Guru Sahib would have tried to occupy Anandgarh fort again. They might not even have gone south and the attack of the Pathan sons Gul Khan and Ataullah Khan would not have come. When Guru Sahib escaped from Garhi Chamkaure and later Chamkaur and Wajide came to know that Guru Sahib was consolidating power at Talwandi Sabo which Aurangzeb was also worried about. They were of the opinion that if Aurangzeb asked Guru Sahib for help against the Mahrattas, then Guru Sahib would have to ask both of them as cover and then the condition of both of them would surely be like that of Chandu. Therefore, these two conspired and put the Pathan sons behind the Guru Sahib, so that this Guru Sahib, as soon as he got a chance.<br />
<br />
== Guru Gobind Singh Ji Poets References ==<br />
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=== Court Poet Senapati ===<br />
Guru Sahib's court poet Senapati describes the deceit, hypocrisy and treachery of this Jat-zamindar as follows:<br />
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"ਬਾਗ ਦੇਖਿ ਬੈਠੇ ਤਰਾਂ ਨਿਕਟਿ ਗਾਂਵ ਚਮਕੌਰ ॥੪॥੪੭੩॥<br />
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ਖਬਰ ਸੁਨੀ ਜਿਮੀਦਾਰ ਨੇ ਮਧ ਬਸੰ ਚਮਕੌਰ।<br />
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ਸੁਨਤ ਬਚਨ ਤਤਕਾਲ ਹੀ ਵਹੁ ਆਯੋ ਉਠਿ ਦਉਰ ॥੫੪੭੪॥<br />
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ਹਾਥਿ ਜੋਰਿ ਐਸੇ ਕਹਿਓ, ਬਿਨਤੀ ਸੁਨੋ ਕਰਤਾਰ। ਬਸੋ ਮਧ ਚਮਕੌਰ ਕੇ ਅਪਨੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਧਾਰਿ ॥੬੪੭੫॥<br />
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ਤਬ ਸੁਆਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਭਏ ਛਾਡ ਬਾਗ ਕੀ ਠਉਰ। ਸਿੰਘ ਸਾਥ ਸਬਹੀ ਲੀਏ ਆਇ ਬਸੇ ਚਮਕਉਰ ॥੭॥੪੭੬॥<br />
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ਤਦ ਦੂਤਨ ਕੀਨੇ ਲਿਖੇ ਤੁਮ ਚਲਿ ਆਯੋ ਦਉਰ।<br />
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ਸਿੰਘ ਰਹੈ ਹੈਂ ਆਨ ਕੈ ਨਿਕਟਿ ਗਾਂਵ ਚਮਕਉਰ"॥੮॥੪੭੭॥<br />
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(ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰ ਸੋਭਾ-ਸੈਨਾਪਤੀ-ਪੰਜਾਬ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਪਟਿਆਲਾ ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ-ਸੰਪਾਦਿਕ ਡਾ. ਗੰਡਾ ਸਿੰਘ ੭੪)<ref name=":0" /><br />
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=== Poet Koer Singh Kalal ===<br />
Poet Koer Singh Kalal tells the story of this Jat with a slight difference. He believes this tradition to be correct that Aurangzeb himself took an oath on the Qur'an to make the Guru Sahib leave the Anandpur Fort, pasted the letter on the Qur'an scroll and sent the letter to the royal court hand, promising that he would leave the Anandpur Fort. . They will not be abused. He apologized for the insult done to Guru Teg Bahadur Sahib and wrote to Guru Sahib to come to Chamkaur. There he wants to have a special talk with them. According to the assurance given in this letter, Guru Sahib reached the fort of Chamkaur. On the other hand, Auranjeb also wrote a letter to Chamkaur Nambardar and ordered him that when Guru Sahib comes to Garhi-Chamkaur, he should be taken prisoner and informed to the government. This is why Nambardar did this trick with Guru Sahib. At first he took Guru Sahib to his stronghold but then this traitor gave the news of Guru Sahib to the government. As a result, the fort came under siege. The story is as follows in the words of Kavi Koer Singh:<br />
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"ਬਾਗ ਦੇਖ ਉਤਰੇ ਤਹਾਂ, ਨਿਕਟ ਗ੍ਰਾਮ ਚਮਕੌਰ ॥੬॥੫੧॥ ਖ਼ਬਰ ਸੁਨੀ ਜਿਮੀਦਾਰ ਸੁ ਜਾਨੋ। ਮਧ ਚਮਕੌਰ ਬਸਤ ਜਹ ਥਾਨੇ। ਸੁਨਤ ਬਚਨ ਤਤ ਖਿਨ ਵਹਿ ਆਯੋ। ਦਯਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਤਬ ਐਸ ਜਤਾਯੋ ॥੫੨॥ ਕਰ ਜੋੜੇ ਬਹੁ ਬਿਨਤੀ ਉਚਾਰੀ। ਚਲੋ ਮਧਿ ਚਮਕੌਰ ਸੁਧਾਰੀ। ਤਬ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਅਸਵਾਰ ਸੁ ਭਏ। ਮਨ ਮੈ ਬਾਤ ਲਖਤ ਵਹੁ ਧਏ। ॥੫੩॥ ਬਸੇ ਆਨ ਤਾ ਠੋਰ ਸੁਜਾਨਾ। ਤਿਨ ਮੂਰਖ ਜਿਮੀਦਾਰ ਸੁ ਜਾਨਾ) ਕਰ ਕੇ ਮਤੋਂ ਲਿਖੀ ਤਿਨ ਪਾਤੀ। ਪਠੱਟੀ ਭੀਮ ਚੰਦ ਤੇ ਤਾਤੀ ॥੫੪॥ ਪੁਨਰ ਸਿਰੰਦ ਪਠਯੋ ਅਸਵਾਰਾ। ਜਹਾ ਫੌਜ ਤੁਰਕਨ ਕੀ ਚਾਰਾ। ਦੇ ਚਾਹਤ ਬੇ ਮਗ ਅਗ ਜੈਸੇ। ਤਿਨ ਕੀਨਾ ਥਾ ਛਲ ਬਿਧਿ ਠੇਸੇ ॥੫॥ ਜੇ ਅਉਰੰਗ ਪਾਰੀ ਧੀ ਭੇਜੀ। ਪੁਰਬ ਕਹੀ ਤਾਹਿ ਅਸ ਭੇਜੀ। ਗੁਰੂ ਜੂ। ਤੁਮ ਹਮ ਮੈ ਸੁ ਕੁਰਾਨਾ। ਤੁਮ ਆਵੋ ਚਮਕੌਰ ਪ੍ਰਮਾਨਾ ॥੫੬॥ ਮੈਂ ਮਿਲ ਹੋ ਤੁਮ ਸੋ ਤਹਿ ਆਈ। ਚੁਕ ਖਿਮਾਵੇਗੋ ਗੁਰ ਸਾਈ। ਨੋਮ ਗੁਰੂ ਕੀ ਬਾਤ ਜੋ ਹੋਈ । ਸੋ ਅਬ ਖਿਮਾ ਕੀਜੀਐ ਸੋਈ ॥੫੭॥ ਯਾ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਗੁਰ ਸੋ ਛਲ ਕੀਨਾ। ਚਲਤੀ ਬੇਰ ਗੁਰੂ ਬਚ ਕੀਨਾ। "ਯਾ ਤੁਰਕਨ ਕੋ ਝੂਠਾ ਕਰਕੈ । ਮਾਰਹਿਰੀ ਇਤ ਉਤ ਧਰ ਤਰ ਕੈ" ॥੫੮॥ ਉਤ ਅਉਰੰਗ ਲਿਖਾ ਚਮਕੋਰਾ। "ਜਬ ਗੁਰੂ ਆਵੈ ਬੰਧਨ ਨੋਰਾ।" ਤਾ ਕਰ ਜ਼ਿਮੀਦਾਰ ਏ ਕੀਨਾ। ਲਿਖਿਯੋ ਜਹਾਂ ਕਟਕ ਅਤਿ ਚੀਨਾ॥੧੯॥ ਤਹਿ ਦਹਿ ਲਾਖ ਤੁਰਕ ਬੇ ਭਾਰੇ। ਖੁਆਜ ਮੁਹੰਮਦ ਆਇ ਅਪਾਰੇ । ਇਤ ਉਨ ਕੋ ਗੁਰ ਅੰਦਰ ਬਾਰਾ। ਪੁਰ ਦੁਆਰਨ ਕੇ ਮਾਰ ਕਿਵਾਰਾ ॥੬੦॥ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰ ਕਹਯੋ "ਕਾਹਿ ਹਿਤ ਮਾਰੇ ?" ਕਹਾ, 'ਜੀ' ਬੈਰਿਨ ਕੇ ਗਨ ਬਾਰੇ। ਤਾ ਕਰ ਬਾਤ ਸੁ ਮੈਂ ਇਹ ਕੀਨੀ। ਤਬ ਗੁਰ ਸੰਗ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਿਛੁ ਚੀਨੀ ॥੬੧॥"<br />
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(ਗੁਰ ਬਿਲਾਸ ਪਾਸਸ਼ਾਹੀ ੧੦-ਕਵੀ ਕੁਇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਪੰਨਾ ੪੫-੧੯੬ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਕ-ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਪਟਿਆਲਾ-ਸ: ਸ਼ਮਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਅਸ਼ੋਕ ਨਿਗਾਰਨ ਡਾ.ਫੌਜਾ ਸਿੰਘ)<ref>https://archive.org/details/gur-bilas-patshahi-10</ref><br />
<br />
== Clarification ==<br />
(Many writers have written that Aurangzeb had written to meet Guru Sahib, but poet Quir Singh writes that Aurangzeb had asked Guru Sahib to come and meet him at Chamkaur.)<br />
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It is clear from the above statement of the poet Quir Singh that not only Mughal rule, hill kings and Brahmanism (Drijvad) were against Guru Sahib, but also big Jat-zamindars were strong opponents of Guru Sahib and they wanted Guru Sahib to die. The trap should be cut soon so that they can continue to enjoy the rich color of their zamindaria, otherwise Guru Sahib has to take away everything from them one day or the other by strangling the men of small castes. That is why these people used to help the government against Guru Sahib. This Jat begged the Guru Sahib in his desire for a big reward from his master and first brought him to his fort and then hemmed the fort from the outside and besieged it from the forces of Vajide and the Paharis.<br />
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I don't think Aurangzeb's letter writing is right. If indeed such a letter had been written by Aurangzeb, then Guru Sahib would not have thrown his valuable goods and treasure into the river, nor would anyone have dared to attack Guru Sahib's well. But the result of the attack was that Guru Sahib had to consider the letter as a fraud. Then they could not come to Chamkore to cheat one after another. Apart from this, if the matter of the letter was correct, then Aurangzeb would have told Wajeeda earlier that Guru Sahib would run away and go to the fort of Chamkaur. There was no need to surround them and capture them, in this situation there was no need to write letters to the Chamkoro Nambardar and tell the government. It is possible to write a letter, but it is clear that this Jat has achieved such a big reward<br />
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done for Many times many traitorous people for their own personal interests, country, work, religion. They used to sell even Iman and Gerat. After all, Gangu had betrayed the small Sahibzades for the sake of big status and big reward, and Pahada Singh Brar had done the same thing and secured the kingdom of Faridkot.<br />
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<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0xZHAQAAIAAJ</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
<references /></div>Gurusinnerhttps://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Larivaar_GurmatLarivaar Gurmat2024-01-26T10:10:17Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "'''ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂਜੀਕਾਖਾਲਸਾ॥ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂਜੀਕੀਫਤਿਹ॥''' Larivaar is where Gurbani is written in continuous form as shown above (ie. with no breaks in between the words of Gurbani). This form of writing was used by the Sikh Guru Ji's and other historical Sikhs. Gurmat, counsel or tenets of the Guru, more specifically focusing the mind towards the Guru is a term which may in its essential sense be taken to be synon..."</p>
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<div>'''ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂਜੀਕਾਖਾਲਸਾ॥ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂਜੀਕੀਫਤਿਹ॥'''<br />
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Larivaar is where Gurbani is written in continuous form as shown above (ie. with no breaks in between the words of Gurbani). This form of writing was used by the Sikh Guru Ji's and other historical Sikhs.<br />
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Gurmat, counsel or tenets of the Guru, more specifically focusing the mind towards the Guru is a term which may in its essential sense be taken to be synonymous with Sikhism itself. Etymologically, Gur means wisdom and Mat means Tenet/ Belief. Generally, Gurmat is theology includes teachings of Sikh Bhagats and Sikh Gurus which is incorporated in Guru Granth Sahib.<br />
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Sikh historical writings, unauthentic writings or apocryphal compositions in name of Sikh Gurus and other writings by Sikhs are not considered as Gurbani and are referred to as Kachi Bani.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/ParmarParmar2024-01-20T14:48:04Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* James Tod on Pramaras */</p>
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<div>Parmar (Gurmukhi:ਪਰਮਾਰ)(Hindi:परमार) is gotra of the Rajput Caste and Jat Community.<br />
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Also known as Parwar or Pawar in Maharashtra [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramara_dynasty], where the brances are: Pawar, Bagwe, Ichare, Renuse, Jagdhane, Rasal, Landage, Bane, Rokade, Chandane, Khairnar, Malwade, Wagaje. According to the myths their great-grand forefather, Parmar, was created out of fire by Inder Devta, the god of fire, at Mount Abu. It is said that as the newly created man had come out from fire saying “mar, mar” loudly, he came to be known as parmar, and Abu, Dhar, and Ujjain were assigned to him as a territory.<br />
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==History==<br />
According to medieval legends, Parmars (Parmaras) is one of the Four Major Agnivanshi Rajput Clans. The other three being Chauhans (Chahamanas), Pratihar (Pratiharas), and Solankis (Chaulukyas).<br />
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The Navasahasanka charitra of Padmaguta (11th cent AD) mentions the first of the Parmara clan : Vashishta created a hero from his agnikunda to get back the cow that Vishvamitra had taken from him. Vashishta then said: “you will become a lord of the kings called Paramara”. Here Paramara indicated killer of others. This hero’s son Upendra was succeeded by Vakpatiraj I. The copper-plates of Harsola, that are from 949 AD give the descent of Bappairaja (Vakpatiraja) from Akalavarsha. Akalavarsha was a famous Rashtrakuta king. A later inscription of Vakpatiraj II of the Parmara dynasty mentions that the king bore titles Amoghavarsha, Prathvivallabha and Shrivallabha. There are Rashtrakuta titles. This Vakpatiraj II was an uncle of famous Raja Bhoja.<br />
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The kings of Malwa or Ujain who reigned at Dhar and flourished from the ninth to the twelfth centuries were of the Panwar clan. The 7th and 9th kings of this dynasty rendered it famous. “Raja Munja, the 7th king (974-995), renowned for his lerarning and eloquence, was not only a patron of poets, but was himself a poet of small reputation, the anthologies including various works from his pen. He penetrated in a career of conquest as far as Godavari, but was finally defeated and executed there by the Chalukya king. His nephew, the famous Bhoja, ascended the throne of Dhara about 1018 andreigned gloriously for more than forty years. Like his uncle he cultivated with equal assiduity the arts of peace and war. Though his fights with neighbouring powers, including one of the Muhamadan armies of Mahmud of Ghazni, are now forgotten, his fame as an enlightened patron of learning and a skilled author remains undimmed, and his name has become proverbial as that of the model king acoording to Hindu standard. Works on astronomy, architecture, the art of poetry and other subjects are attributed to him. About AD 1060 Bhoja was attacked and defeated by the confederate kings of Gujarat and Chedi, and the Panwar kingdom was reduced to a petty local dynasty until the 13th century. It was finally superseeded by the chiefs of the Tomara and Chauhan clans, who in their turn succumbed to the Muhamaddans in 1401” (V.A. Smith, Early History of India 3rd ed. p395). The city of Ujjain was at this time a centre of Indian intelectual life. Some celebrated astronomers made it their home, and it was adopted as the basis of the Hindu meridional system like Greenwhich in England.<br />
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The Panwars were held to have ruled from nine castles over the Marustali or ‘Region of death’, the name given to the great dessert of Rajputana, which extends from Sind to the Aravalli mountains and from the great salt lakes to the skirting of Garah. The principal of these castles were Abu, Nundore, Umarkot, Arore, and Lodorva. Mr. Crooke states that the expulsion of the Panwars from Ujjain under their leader Mitra Sen is ascribed to the attack of the Muhamaddans under Shahab-ud-din Ghori about AD 1190. After this they spread to Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, where they are known as Pawar (Sivaji was a Puar and so is the Nimbhalkar tribe) Mr. Crooke (Tribes and castes) states: “The Khidmatia,Barwar or Chobdar are said to be an inferior branch of the Panwars, descended from a low-caste woman” . “The Panwars had the abit of keeping women of lower castes to a greater degree than the ordinary, and this has been found to be trait of other castes of mixed origin, and they are sometimes known as Dhakar, a name having the sense of illigitimacy”. (Russel, p339). In the Maratha rice coutry of Wainganga the Panwars have developed into 36 exogamous sections, bearing names of Rajput clans and of villages. Their titles are: Chaudhri (headman), Patlia (patel or chief officer of a village) and Sonwania.<br />
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Pawars are descendents of Parmar kings of Dhar. Some of Parmar kings were followers of Jainism, others that of Shaivism. Parmar is a big caste of Jains in Gujarat and it is also a famous clan of Oswals. Another Jain caste named Parwar is also descendent of Parmar kings. [[Osho]] Rajnish was from this community, that once was part of the Parwars.<br />
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The Parwar Jain caste is called “Paurpatta” in Sanskrit inscriptions. There are quite a few Sanskrit inscriptions in the Chanderi region that mention them from 11-12th century. It is likely that they are the same people involved in installing Jain images going back to Gupta period in that region, thus they are unlikley to be the descendants of Parmar kings. The Jain caste in Gujarat (Porwal or Porwad) is called “Pragvata” in Sanskrit. Most of the famous Jain temples in Gujarat (Mt. Abu, Ranakpur) were build by them. Their home is South Rajastan. The Parmar kings are called “Pragvata” in Sanskrit. Their original home too is Southern Rajasthan. Thus “Pragvata” must be the name of the region that is now Southern Rajasthan; and the Parmar Rajputs and the Porwal Jains of Rajasthan/Gujarat both take their name from this region. This is the region where Mount Abu is located.<br />
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Mori = Branch of Panwar Rajputs. They claim descent from Chandragupta Maurya, but they are probably not realated to the Maurya emperors. In Maharashtra the septs are: More, Madhure, Devkate, Harphale, Dhyber, Marathe, Darekar, Devkar, Adavale.<br />
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This dynasty was founded by Chandragupta Mourya at Patliputra (Modern Patna in Bihar) in 317 B.C. Chandragupta was born in Mayurposag (Peacock tamer) community. Chandragupta became the first historical emperor of India. His empire included almost all of the south Asia. He defeated the Greek invaders. Chandragupta ruled for 22 years. After him his son Bindusar became the emperor. After him Ashok became the emperor. After the war of Kalinga, Ashok adopted Buddhism. After Ashok his grand son Samprati became the emperor and ruled from Ujjain while Dashrath, another grandson ruled from Patliputra. Brihdrath was the last emperor of this dynasty. He was killed by his General Pushyamitra Shung. He founded Pushy dynasty. Kharvel, king of Kaling attacked and killed Pushyamitra. The ‘Devak’ of Mores is feather of peacock. This is because of their ‘Mayurposag’ (Peacock tamer) origin.<br />
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Article supplied by Kishan V Sisodia<br />
Via:-[https://www.maheronline.org/parmar-rajputs/]<br />
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===In Rigveda===<br />
Bhim Singh Dahiya has identified Paramara (परमर) mentioned in Rigveda (RV 10/27/20) with the the Parmar Jats today.<br />
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एतौ मे गावौ परमरस्य युक्तौ मो षु पर सेधीर्मुहुरिन्ममन्धि |<br />
आपश्चिदस्य वि नशन्त्यर्थं सूरश्च मर्कौपरो बभूवान || (RV 10/27/20)<br />
etau me ghāvau pramarasya yuktau mo ṣu pra sedhīrmuhurinmamandhi | <br />
āpaścidasya vi naśantyarthaṃ sūraśca markauparo babhūvān (RV 10/27/20)<br />
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===James Tod on Pramaras===<br />
James Todd writes that The Pramara, though not, as his name implies, the ' chief warrior,' was the most potent of the Agnikulas. He sent forth thirty-five sakha, or branches, several of whom enjoyed extensive sovereignties. ' The world is the Pramar's,' is an ancient saying, denoting their extensive sway ; and the Naukot Marusthali signified the nine divisions into which the country, from the Sutlej to the ocean, was partitioned amongst them.<br />
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Maheswar, Dhar, Mandu, Ujjain, Chandrabhaga, Chitor, Abu, Chandravati, Mhau Maidana, Parmavati, Umarkot, Bakhar, Lodorva, and Patan are the most conspicuous of the capitals they conquered or founded.<br />
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Though the Pramara family never equalled in wealth the famed Solanki princes of Anhilwara, or shone with such lustre as the Chauhan, it attained a wider range and an earlier consolidation of dominion than either, and far excelled in all, the Parihara, the last and least of the Agnikulas, which it long held tributary.<br />
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Maheswar, the ancient seat of the Haihaya kings, appears to have been the first seat of government of the Pramaras. They subsequently founded Dharanagar, and Mandu on the crest of the Vindhya hills ; and to them is even attributed the city of Ujjain, the first meridian of the Hindus, and the seat of Vikrama.<br />
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There are numerous records of the family, fixing eras in their history of more modern times ; and it is to be hoped that the interpretation of yet undeciphered inscriptions may carry us back beyond the seventh century.<br />
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The era of Bhoj, the son of Munja, has been satisfactorily settled ; and an inscription in the nail-headed character, carries it back a step further, and elicits an historical fact of infinite value, giving the date of the last prince of the Pramaras of Chitor, and the consequent accession of the Guhilots.[p.110]: The Nerbudda was no limit to the power of the Pramaras. About the very period of the foregoing inscription, Ram Pramar held his court in Telingana, and is invested by the Chauhan Bard, Chand, with the dignity of paramount sovereign of India, and head of a splendid feudal association, whose members became independent on his death. The Bard makes this a voluntary act of the Pramaras ; but coupled with the Guhilots' violent acquisition of Chitor, we may suppose the successor of Ram was unable to maintain such supremacy.<br />
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While Hindu literature survives the name of Bhoj Pramara and ' the nine gems ' of his court cannot perish ; though it is difficult to say which of the three princes of this name is particularly alluded to, as they all appear to have been patrons of science.<br />
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Chandragupta, the supposed opponent of Alexander, was a Maurya, and in the sacred genealogies is declared of the race of Takshak. The ancient inscriptions of the Pramars, of which the Maurya is a principal branch, declare it of the race of Tasta and Takshak, as does that now given from the seat of their power, Chitor.<br />
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Salivahana, the conqueror of Vikramaditya, was a Takshak, and his era set aside that of the Tuar in the Deccan.<br />
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Not one remnant of independence exists to mark the greatness of the Pramaras : ruins are the sole records of their power. Theprince of Dhat,1 in the Indian desert, is the last phantom of royalty of the race ; and the descendant of the prince who protected Humayun, when driven from the throne of Timur, in whose capital, Umarkot, the great Akbar was born, is at the foot of fortune's ladder ; his throne in the desert, the footstool of the Baloch, on whose bounty he is dependent for support.<br />
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Among the thirty-five sakha of the Pramaras the Vihal was eminent, the princes of which line appear to have been lords of Chandravati, at the foot of the Aravalli. The Rao of Bijolia, one of the sixteen superior nobles of the Rana's court, is a Pramara of the ancient stock of Dhar, and perhaps its most respectable representative.[https://www.jatland.com/home/Parmar]<br />
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===Thirty-Five Sakha/Branches of the Pramaras===<br />
•Mori [or Mauryn]. — Of which was Chandragupta, and the princes of Chitor prior to the Guhilot.<br />
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•Sodha. — Sogdoi of Alexander, the princes of Dhat in the Indian desert.<br />
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•Sankhla. — Chiefs of Pugal, and in Marwar.<br />
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•Khair. — Capital Khairalu.<br />
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•Umra and Sumra. — Anciently in the desert, now Muhammadans.<br />
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•Vihal, or Bihal. — Princes of Chandravati.<br />
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•Mepawat. — Present chief of Bijolia in Mewar.<br />
<br />
•Balhar. — Northern desert. <br />
<br />
•Kaba. — Celebrated in Saurashtra in ancient times, a few yet in Sirohi.<br />
<br />
•Umata. — The princes of Umatwara in Malwa, there established for twelve generations. <br />
<br />
•Umatwara is the largest tract left to the Pramaras. Since the war in 1817, being under the British interference, they cannot be called independent.<br />
<br />
•Rehar - Girasia petty chiefs in Malwa.<br />
<br />
•Dhunda - Girasia petty chiefs in Malwa.<br />
<br />
•Sorathia - Girasia petty chiefs in Malwa.<br />
<br />
•Harer - Girasia petty chiefs in Malwa.<br />
<br />
Besides others unknown ; as Chaonda, Khejar, Sagra, Barkota, Puni, Sampal, Bhiba, Kalpusar, Kalmoh, Kohila, Papa, Kahoria, Dhand, Deba, Barhar, Jipra, Posra, Dhunta, Rikamva, and Taika. Many of these are proselytes to Islamism, and several beyond the Indus. <br />
<br />
===List of Kings of Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 800–c. 1305)===<br />
•Upendra (c. 800–c. 818)<br />
<br />
•Vairisimha I (c. 818–c. 843)<br />
<br />
•Siyaka I (c. 843–c. 893)<br />
<br />
•Vakpati (c. 893–c. 918) <br />
<br />
•Vairisimha II (c. 918–c. 948)<br />
<br />
•Siyaka II (c. 948–c. 974)<br />
<br />
•Vakpatiraja (c. 974 – c. 995)<br />
<br />
•Sindhuraja (c. 995 – c. 1010)<br />
<br />
•Bhoja I (c. 1010 – c. 1055)<br />
<br />
•Jayasimha I (c. 1055 – c. 1060)<br />
<br />
•Udayaditya (c. 1060 – c. 1087)<br />
<br />
•Lakshmanadeva (c. 1087 – c. 1097)<br />
<br />
•Naravarman (c. 1097 – c. 1134)<br />
<br />
•Yasovarman (c. 1134 – c. 1142)<br />
<br />
•Jayavarman I (c. 1142 – c. 1160)<br />
<br />
•Vindhyavarman (c. 1160 – c. 1193)<br />
<br />
•Subhatavarman (c. 1193 – c. 1210)<br />
<br />
•Arjunavarman I (c. 1210 – c. 1218)<br />
<br />
•Devapala (c. 1218 – c. 1239)<br />
<br />
•Jaitugideva (c. 1239 – c. 1256)<br />
<br />
•Jayavarman II (c. 1256 – c. 1269)<br />
<br />
•Jayasimha II (c. 1269 – c. 1274)<br />
<br />
•Arjunavarman II (c. 1274 – c. 1283)<br />
<br />
•Bhoja II (born c. 1283)<br />
<br />
•Mahlakadeva (died 1305)<br />
<br />
==Notable people[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmar_(surname])==<br />
•Abha Parmar (born 1963), Indian actress<br />
<br />
•Arvind Parmar (born 1978), former British professional tennis player<br />
<br />
•Ashish Parmar (1979–2020), Indian photographer<br />
<br />
•Atmaram Parmar, Bharatiya Janata Party politician from Gujarat<br />
<br />
•Belinda Parmar (born 1974), British entrepreneur, campaigner and corporate activist<br />
<br />
•Bhaljibhai Ravjibhai Parmar (1920), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Bharatsinh Parmar, Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Chirag Parmar (born 1990), Indian cricketer<br />
<br />
•Dayaram Parmar (born 1945), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Dinesh Parmar, Indian politician and medical doctor<br />
<br />
•Disha Parmar (born 1994), Indian television actress and former model<br />
<br />
•Gajendrasinh Parmar (born 1978), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Gopal Parmar, Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Govind Parmar, Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Heena Parmar (born 1990), Indian actress<br />
<br />
•Inderjeet Parmar, professor of international politics<br />
<br />
•Ishwarbhai Parmar (born 1971), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Jashoda Parmar, Indian women politician<br />
<br />
•Jaspal Parmar (born 1984), Indian football player<br />
<br />
•Jaydrathsinh Parmar (born 1964), Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat<br />
<br />
•Jayveer Parmar (born 1998), Indian cricketer<br />
<br />
•Juhi Parmar (born 1980), Indian anchor, actress, presenter, singer and dancer<br />
<br />
•Kishan Parmar (born 1992), Indian cricketer<br />
<br />
•Kripal Parmar (born 1959), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Madansingh Parmar (born 1936), Indian former cricketer<br />
<br />
•Mahendrasinh Parmar (born 1967), Gujarati writer<br />
<br />
•Manoj Parmar (born 1967), former Indian cricketer<br />
<br />
•Mohan Parmar (born 1948), Gujarati language short story writer, novelist and critic<br />
<br />
•Monish Parmar (born 1987), right-arm off-break bowler from India<br />
<br />
•Mukund Parmar (born 1968), Indian former cricketer<br />
<br />
•Natverlal Parmar (1927–2010), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Nilesh Parmar (born 1970), Indian former international cricketer<br />
<br />
•Parmjeet Parmar (born 1970), New Zealand politician<br />
<br />
•Parul Parmar (born 1973), Indian para-badminton player from Gujarat<br />
<br />
•Pradip Parmar, Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Pratibha Parmar (born 1955), British filmmaker- a writer, director and producer<br />
<br />
•Raj Parmar (born 1981), British-Asian Bollywood dancer, choreographer, and television and radio personality<br />
<br />
•Raju Parmar (born 1950), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Sandeep Parmar (born 1979), British women poet<br />
<br />
•Sanjeev Parmar (born 1978), Canadian former soccer player<br />
<br />
•Sarena Parmar, Canadian actress<br />
<br />
•Shailesh Parmar (born 1969), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•[[Talwinder Singh Parmar]] (1944–1992), Canadian-Sikh Activist and Sikh Militant<br />
<br />
•Vipin Singh Parmar (born 1964), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Vishvesh Parmar (born 1983), Indian playback singer/recording artist and composer<br />
<br />
•Yashwant Singh Parmar (1906–1981), Indian politician<br />
<br />
•Yusuf Parmar, Gujarat Indian National Congress politician</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Jatehdaar_Baba_Bir_Singh_RangretaJatehdaar Baba Bir Singh Rangreta2024-01-19T18:45:33Z<p>Gurusinner: added more details</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Baba Bir Singh Rangreta ji and Dheer Singh Rangreta ji.jpeg|thumb|Baba Bir Singh Rangreta and Dheer Singh Rangreta showed Chaudhary Dalla the bravery of Rangreta and Guru's sikhs and showed reality of Jatt soldiers and Dalla Chaudhary. They both breaked the false pribe of Dalla Chaudhary and Jatt soldiers at Damdama Sahib Talwandi sabo.]]<br />
Baba Bir singh Ranghreta ji born in 1682 A.D, he was Jatehdar of '''( 13 SOH GHOD SWAR ) Misl of Rangreta sikhs'''.<ref>https://archive.org/details/rangreta-sikh-and-hindu-ranghar-history-by-naranjan-aarfi</ref> This Misl was the most powerful Misl of Sikhs at the time from Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Guru Gobind Singh Ji himself gave Jatehdaari to Baba Bir Singh Rangreta on the bank of the Sersa river.<ref>https://csjs.com/product-tag/author-shamsher-singh-ashok/</ref> These all details were taken from Persian text, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karam_Singh_(historian) Karam Singh historian], Archives of Sikhs kept in U.K , [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab Panjab University Lahore], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganda_Singh_(historian) Ganda Singh Historian], Pritam Singh M.A retrd book Dalit sikh panth de rakhae, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhanna_Singh_Gulshan Dhanna Singh MP] Akali dal Former education minister. Pugg and Jatehdaari of Maiwa Singh Rangreta were given to Bir singh Ranghreta and he further formed and upgraded Rangreta warriors into1300 cavalry men whom throw Spear and Javelin while riding and standing on horse saddle. They throw spears while riding horses without missing any target. Nowadays, 13 SOH GHOD SWAR Misl is known as [https://dashmeshtarnadal.yolasite.com/our-history.php Dashmesh Tarna Dal], and headed by Jatehdar Major Singh Sodhi. 13 SOH GHOD SWAR Misl was the most feared and bravest misl of Sikhism, and the oldest Misl. This and Baba Dheer Singh Rangreta's misl was the only Misl which had been started by the hands of Guru Gobind Singh Ji himself, no other sikh misls were started by Guru Gobind Singh Ji. These facts were collected by Gyani Mandeep Singh videyarthi, Naranjan AARFI, Pritam Singh M.A retrd, from archive of UK , Lahore, Dharmsthal Kalyandas UK and Persian texts of Invaders. This all data and details are properly written in book by Naranjan Aarfi ji, Rangretian daa Itihaas. Baba Dhir singh Rangreta was younger brother of Baba Bir Singh Rangreta and he was born in 1686 A.D.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganda_Singh_(historian)</ref><br />
<br />
According to [https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Ratan_Singh_Bhangu Ratan singh Bhangu]: How Ala singh ragard Baba Bir singh Rangreta:<br />
<br />
How Baba Ala Singh had a great regard for Baba BirSingh is described by Bhangoo Sahib as under:-<br />
<br />
Bir Singh the youthful champion is known as Ranghretta, so to says, But when his flag unfurled1300 horsemen accompanied him and his drum was beaten. He rode his horse ahead of every body, followed by others. He led them in the midest of battle. That is why the Panth remembers him (43)(Parcheen Panth Parkash page 464).<ref>https://archive.org/details/prachin-panth-prakash</ref> <br />
<br />
'''Approved by:''' <br />
<br />
# '''Dashmesh Tarna Dal'''<br />
# '''Karam Singh Historian'''<br />
# '''Gyani Mandeep Singh Videyarthi'''<br />
# '''Pritam Singh M.A retrd ( Dalit sikh panth de rakhae )'''<br />
# '''Ganda Singh Historian'''<br />
# '''Dhanna SIngh MP Akali Dal'''<br />
# '''Naranjan Aarfi ( Rangretian daa Itihaas-1 and part 2 )'''<br />
# '''Shamsher Singh Ashok ( Mazhabi sikkha daa itihaas )'''<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=shamsher+singh+ashok&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref><br />
# '''Dr. Bhupinder Singh Mattu ( itihaas vich mazhabi sikkha di jado jehad )'''<br />
# '''Panjab University archive lahore'''<br />
# '''Persian texts'''<br />
# '''Archive of U.K'''<br />
# '''Abbaston and H.A Rose book ( Glossary of tribes and caste )'''<br />
# '''Jaswant Singh Book ( Guru Ke bette )'''<br />
# '''Pracheen Panth Parkash'''<ref>https://archive.org/details/prachin-panth-prakash</ref><br />
# '''Twarikh Guru Khalsa'''<ref>https://archive.org/search?query=twarikh+guru+khalsa</ref><br />
# '''Singh Sagar'''<br />
# '''S, Kultar Singh former M.L.A. and son of Sadhu Daya Singh Aarif'''<br />
# '''Sidhu Brara Da itihaas'''<ref>http://www.panjabdigilib.org/InitialSearchedPage?ID=1748&page=1&CategoryID=1&Searched=</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and Background ==<br />
Baba Bir Singh Rangreta ancestary is from '''Bhagat Chejju ( Jo sukh chajju de chubare oh balakh na bukharey ) a famous proverb all over punjab''', specially lehnda punjab, and bloodline of Sidhu kabila of Afghanistan, region of Multan and from Rajkumar Sehaj. In that time fellowship of Nath and Yogis was very popular, and Jogi Ratan Nath was leader of Yogis and Naths. Bhagat sehj got motivated and impressed from Yogi Ratan Nath and became Yogi. He became the leader of students of Yogi Ratan Nath. At that time Yogi Ratan nath had 2000 disciples at that time. When Guru Nanak went to Sehjkot on Jogiya de Mella, bhagat sheju was selected for discussion on Giyan of Dharma and all Yogis arranged a debate on it. Bhagat sheju got impressed by the Giyan of Guru Nanak Dev ji and said that your knowledge on Dharma and God is infinity and endless, and there is no match of it. After this Bhagat sheju adopted sikhi from Guru Nanak and became Guru kaa sikh and gave whole life to Sikhism and Seva. On one baisakh he asked questions from Guru Nanak that ( Do God also marry and live married life ?. Then guru nanak said these quotes ( ) . Then Guru Nanak made a Hukam that any one from sangat please stand and give their girl for marriage with Bhagat Sehju. Then a man from Shujawal, name Shiyahi Mal ( Rangreta sikh ) gave his daughter the name Nani Rai's hand to Bhagat sheju. And Guru Nanak ji arranged their marriage himself at Kartarpur shahib. Then they had 2 sons, 1st Sohan Mal and 2nd lala Mal. After this Sohan Mal marriage was arranged by Guru Amar das ji with the daughter of Bhai Rini Ram of Shejkot, daughter name Bibi Sani dayi. Then they further had 2 sons, karma and Dharma. Then Guru Ramdas ji arranged marriage of Baba Dharma in Lahore, with Sendyi Daughter of Manik Chand. They further had 2 Childers, eldest was daughter name Bibi Rai dyi and younger was Bhai bhula. Bibi Rai dyi arranged marriage with Bhai Jaspan ( Grandfather of Bhai jaita , Baba jiwan singh ji ) by Guru Ramdas ji. Baba Bhula was arranged with a family of Lahore town named sardargarh ( today known as shadarra ) name Bhai paida ( Bloodline of Bhai Matidas, Bhai Satidas, Bhai Deyala all Ranghreta Mazhabi sikh ) and daughter of Bhai Paida was Bibi Joshi. Baba Bhula and Bibi Joshi had one son named Bhai Dhiyan singh. Guru Gobind Singh Ji himself arranged the marriage of '''Bhai Dhiyan singh ji at Anandpur sahib with a Jatt sardar family of Batala''' jathala name kirpal singh and his daughter Janno kaur.<br />
[[File:Baba Bir Singh Rangreta Ji.jpg|thumb|Baba Bir Singh Rangreta. jatehdar of 13 SOH GHOD SWAR MISL.]]<br />
According to Sir Daniel Abbastons and H.A Rose book; (A glossary of tribes and castes Punjab and north west frontier" Part-II, pg.57) <br />
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'''Baba Bir Singh Rangreta belongs to Bangus/Bansi/Bangsi/Bhangusi tribe of Afghanistan and Punjab region, or be can say that old area of undivided Punjab and Saptsindhu.'''<ref>https://archive.org/details/glossaryoftribes03rose</ref> <br />
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=== Baba Dhiyan Singh Rangreta ji ( Grandfather ) ===<br />
He was such a fearless and brave warrior and strategist, he formed an army troop of 200 horseman archers who could shoot their target from their horse back. He and his troop were praised by Guru Gobind Singh Ji after the Battle of Bhangani. Baba Dhiyan Singh Rangreta got Shahidi in Chamkaur battle.<br />
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=== Baba Maiwa Singh Rangreta ji ( Father ) ===<br />
He was the son of Bhai Dhiyan Singh Rangreta and Bibi janno kaur of the Jatt family from Batala Jethala. He further advanced and upgraded the idea of his father, he formed 200 trained troops of horsemen who used to throw Spear and Javelin, and Guru Gobind Singh Ji gave him the Jatehdaari of 200 Ghodswar to Baba Maiwa Singh ji. He got married in the '''Arora khatri family''' of Amritsar of Bhai Santa singh. Baba Maiwa singh got Shahidi on the bank of Sersa Nadi.<br />
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== Became target for gun test of Guru Gobind Singh Ji ( Dalla Chaudhary Incident of Cowardness ) ==<br />
Baba Bir Singh Rangreta ji and his small brother Baba Dheer Singh Rangreta ji showed their bravery and courageous heart by accepting and completing a dangerous task given by Guru Gobind singh Ji. This task and terms are given by Guru Gobind Singh Ji, just to show the reality and lower the fake ego and pride of Jatt soldiers and Dalla Chaudhary, that he was talking before this incident.<ref>[[Gurdwara Bhai Bir Singh Dhir Singh]]</ref><br />
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According to Bhai Santokh Singh, Sri Gur Pratap Suraj Granth:<br />
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Chaudhary Dalla once boasted about the loyalty and courage of his [[Jat|Jatt]] soldiers. [[Guru Gobind Singh]] asked him to provide a couple of his men as targets so that he could test the range and striking power of the new weapon. The strange demand stunned Dalla and his men out of their wits and none of them came forward. Chaudhary Dalla and his mens showed cowardness for the Gurus request, and they got astonish on seeing the loyalty and bravery of the Rangreta Sikhs for the Gurus demands and facing of the first bullet for Gurus demand. As per the Historians and incident, Dalla Chaudhary was making fun of Rangreta and other sikhs, and been biased for them and glorifying him and flattering about himself and his jatt sikhs. But after seeing this all, he got shamed on himself.<br />
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The Guru there upon called out the two Ranghreta Sikhs who were doing their assigned work for the khalsa. They came running, each trying to be in front of the other in order to be the first to face the bullet. Dalla, astonished at the Sikhs spirit of sacrifice, was humbled.<br />
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This historical gun of the Guru Ji is safely preserved in the Armory of Takhat Shri Keshgarh Sahib in district Ropar as ahistorical blessing to the Khalsa. The faithful Sikh congregations come from far and wide to have a glimpse of this gun.<br />
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== Battle of Sirhind ( Baba Banda Singh Bahadur appoint him as Governor of Sirhind ) ==<br />
Sardar Gurnam Singh Muktsar has portrayed Bhai Bir Singh as the Governor of Sirhind in his articles in "Preet lari Feb.1999,A.D." page 18 entitled "Khalsa De 300 Sala Jashan Te Ik Nazarand Maharaja Ranjit Singh Da Raaj and Sikhi Da niyara sarup", as under:-<br />
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"When Sirhind was conquered, the flag of Khalsa Raaj was unfurled there. Banda Singh Bahadur appointed Bhai Bir Singh (Untouchable) to be the first Khalsa Governor of Sirhind. This Bhai Bir Singh is the same untouchable heroic fighter as had contended with his brother at Damdama to stand ahead of his brother Dhir Singh for the trial of a gun presented to the Guru Ji by a Sikh technician. In this country overwhelmed by caste considerations how can one believe that some infirm Sikhs did not feel irritated at his being appointed governor. Baba Banda Singh Bahadur had been martyred on 19th June, 1716 A.D. After his death the Sikhs were in a tight corner for a longtime .The heads of the Sikhs carried a price and they were surrounded by the enemies on all sides. For some time the Tat Khalsa and Bandayee Khalsa remained at logger-heads, but ultimately Bandayee Khalsa was completely wiped out of the Guru's establishment TatKhalsa become the main server of the Guru's establishment. The Tat Khalsa was further divided into two parts. One group was called Budha Dal and the other was called Taruna Dal. The job of the BudhaDal was to serve and preserve the gurdwaras, re-establish Sikh conventions at the gurdwaras and to run them according to sikh tenets. The main job of the Taruna Dal was to set right the enemies of Punjab. Baba Bir Singh Ranghreta had made his encampment in the area which is called bangus. This area was so named because many pathan tribes of bangus race resided in this area. Being the habitat of the pathans of bangus race the entire area was called bangus and its residents were called bangus or bangusi. This is the area situated on both sides of river kurram, originating in koh safed of Afganistan and coming down to water the region called kurram-kohat.This area extends to the area of Bannu-Kohat."(Ranghretian Da Itihas, page 388)<br />
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According to Abbastons writing: Book name ( Glossary of caste and gotras nwf ) :<br />
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"Bangus" was the name given to a number of pathan tribes whose initial number comprised one lac families. This mountainous region where these families lived was also called with the same name."(A glossary of tribes and castes Punjab and north west frontier" Part-II, pg.57)<br />
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== Jatehdari ==<br />
Baba Bir Singh Rangreta got '''Jatehdaari of Ghodswar troop of his father and pugg at Sersa river''' by Guru Gobind Singh Ji himself.<br />
[[File:13 SOH GHOD SWAR MISL.jpeg|thumb|342x342px|( 13 SOH GHOD SWAR MISL ) of BABA BIR SINGH RANGRETA JI, jathedari given by GURU GOBIND SINGH JI himself, PUGG of MAIWA SINGH RANGRETA JI( Father of Bir Singh Rangreta ji ).]]<br />
Baba Dheer Singh Rangreta got '''Jatehdaari of his and pugg of Grandfather Dhiyan Singh Rangreta at Damdama Talwandi Sabo'''. <br />
<br />
Baba Bir Singh Rangreta got Jatehdaari of his father on Sersa river, and under leadership of Baba Mani Singh Rangreta, and Bir Singh Rangreta , Dheer Singh Rangreta, Mata Sahib devan and Mata Sundri ji send under protection along with 25 sikh soldiers to Delhi and they are informed that, they do not return back before getting a Hukamnama from the Guru Gobind Singh Ji. That's why Baba Bir Singh Rangreta and Dheer Singh Rangreta had not participated in Battle of Chamkaur and Battle of Muktsar.<br />
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== Conspiracy against Baba Bir Singh Rangreta ( But got alive ) ==<br />
Their is no mention of death and disappearance of Baba Bir Singh Rangreta and 13 SOH GHOD SWAR MISL of Rangreta Sikhs. But history always wins from the fake promoters and manipulators. So many scholars and historians had gave their whole efforts and life to find the truth of Baba Bir Singh Rangreta Death and Disband of 13 SOH GHODSWAR MISL.<br />
<br />
'''According to the Research of Pritam singh M.A Retrd and Naranjan Aarfi ji, Shamsher Singh Ashok, Jaswant singh( Guru Ke Bette ) Pracheen panth prakash book, Twarikh Guru khalsa,''' Jaswant singh ( Guru ke Bette ).<br />
<br />
He was killed by the conspiracy of Ala Singh of Patiala and Charat singh. The misl got disbanded and they settle in different region of india. Some in Kashmir and Srinagar, Himachal Pardesh, Assam and Uttarakhand and even other places toward south of india. Families of warrior Hari Singh Narwa and General zorawar Singh were the part of 13 SOH GHOD SWAR Misl. That's why their is lot of confusion in finding the real background of these warriors and due to belonging to Ranghreta community, their jatehdaar death and even proof of Rangreta misl have been changed and made hidden by the other Sikh leaders, just for their own benefit and greediness.<br />
<ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/580782431/Baba-Jiwan-Singh-Ji-English</ref><br />
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But according to the Great author and researcher Naranjan Aarfi ji, he got saved from the box in which he had been sealed after conspiracy and saved by a Ramgharia Sikh villagers of Muthianwala. He got disappointed by other sikh misls. He founded that his campanions had been brutally killed in the conspiracy and no one left of his known and relatives. From this incident he started to live as Sant. Further he lived as Sant Baba Bir Singh Ji, and got murdered at the age of 148 years by the Dogra Conspiracy. <br />
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== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Gurdwara Bhai Bir Singh Dhir Singh|Gurdwara Bhai Bir Singh Rangreta ji and Dheer Singh Rangreta ji]]<ref>[[Gurdwara Bhai Bir Singh Dhir Singh]]</ref><br />
* [[Baba Bir Singh]] <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /></div>Gurusinnerhttps://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Jaggi_JohalJaggi Johal2024-01-18T14:39:32Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "==Who is Jagtar Singh aka Jaggi Johal?== link=Special:FilePath/jaggijohal.jpg Jagtar Singh Johal (34) is a UK national and a resident of Dumbarton, Scotland. According to his family, Johal was an online activist and contributed to a magazine and website documenting the alleged persecution of the Sikh religious minority in India. Johal’s activities consisted translating into English the stories of Sikhs who had allegedly f..."</p>
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<div>==Who is Jagtar Singh aka Jaggi Johal?==<br />
[[Image:jaggijohal.jpg|thumb|800px|jaggijohal|link=Special:FilePath/jaggijohal.jpg]]<br />
Jagtar Singh Johal (34) is a UK national and a resident of Dumbarton, Scotland. According to his family, Johal was an online activist and contributed to a magazine and website documenting the alleged persecution of the Sikh religious minority in India. Johal’s activities consisted translating into English the stories of Sikhs who had allegedly faced persecution in India.<br />
<br />
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s acknowledgement that he believed that UK national Jagtar Singh Johal, alias Jaggi Johal, has been “arbitrarily detained” in a Delhi jail has put the spotlight on the “arrested” Scotland-based Sikh activist.<br />
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Jaggi Johal has been lodged in prison since 2017 and is being investigated by the National Investigation Agency on suspicion of being involved im targeted killings carried out by the banned Khalistani Liberation Force (KLF). Kamaldeep Singh Brar explains who Jaggi Johal is and what are the cases against him. <br />
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===ILLEGAL DETENTION===<br />
Jagtar Singh Johal’s story is a troubling example of the human rights abuses that can occur in India, where the criminal justice system is often used to target and silence political dissidents and minority groups. It is important for the international community to continue to pay attention to his case and to stand in solidarity with him and other victims of human rights abuses in India. <br />
<br />
The Indian police had accused him of many fabricated and trumped up charges. He denied all charges and claimed the arrest was “arbitrary and politically motivated”.<br />
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Jaggi was arrested and held without a warrant and has never been presented with formal charges until 5 and a half years of arbitrary detention. His defense lawyers argued that the police did not have enough evidence to detain him and he had been held in pre-trial detention unlawfully. He has made numerous statements while in detention, alleging that he was subjected to torture and ill-treatment, which were affirmed by two medical soldiers and countless letters hand written by jaggi.<br />
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Since his arrest, Jagtar Singh Johal has been held in custody without trial. His family and supporters claim that he has been tortured and mistreated while in detention, and that the charges against him are unfounded. They point to a lack of evidence linking him to the crimes and allege that he is being targeted because of his Sikh faith and activism on human rights issues.<br />
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===UK governments action on the arrest===<br />
Prime Minister Boris Johnson has said that the arrest of Jagtar Singh Johal “appears to be arbitrary” and called for a fair investigation. He claimed that the process of investigation so far had been “inadequate and deeply concerning” and has urged for a “swift and transparent resolution”. The UK government has requested access to Jagtar Singh Johal to ensure his human rights are being respected and protected and have raised concerns about his alleged mistreatment after his arrest.<br />
<br />
Even though the UK government has repeatedly called for a swift and transparent resolution to the case of Jagtar Singh Johal, they have so far failed to take any strong action to help free him. Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s statements condemning the arbitrary arrest appear to be nothing but empty rhetoric and lacking any real teeth.<br />
<br />
The potential trade deal between India and Britain could be a factor in the lack of action taken by the UK. Political pressure to keep Jagtar in an Indian jail could be high, especially since the trade deal could be potentially worth billions of pounds. It’s possible that the UK government is reluctant to intervene for diplomatic reasons, as any move to interfere in Indian judicial proceedings could impact the prospective trade deal. Adding to the mystery is the possible involvement of MI5 and MI6 possible involvement of MI5 and MI6 with the arrest and interrogation of Jagtar. Both agencies have been accused of using interrogation techniques to produce false confessions from suspects, and allegations have been made that the agencies have been involved in the case. Although there is no evidence that the agencies were involved, their reputation and alleged techniques have created a sense of mistrust among activists.<br />
<br />
The UK government’s inaction and apparent lack of interest in the case of Jagtar Singh Johal has created a great sense of frustration among activists who believe he is innocent of the charges and has been treated unjustly. With a long-term trade deal potentially in the works, it remains to be seen whether the UK government will take any action to help free him or if they are content to remain indifferent.<br />
<br />
===Social Media Sensorship===<br />
Social media pages campaigning for the release of Jagtar Singh Johal have been banned or censored multiple times. Prominent pages such as FreeJaggiNow and GPAL Media, which has been popular among Sikh activists, were removed from both Facebook and Twitter without explanation. This has raised serious concerns among activists, who believe the pages were removed due to political pressure from the Indian government.<br />
<br />
The censorship of these pages has been seen as a gross violation of free speech and has only exacerbated the allegations of political interference in the Jagtar Singh Johal case. Activists claim the Indians authorities are attempting to silence those who criticize their actions and are attempting to hide the truth about the arrest and treatment of Jagtar. Although the pages have since been reinstated, the censorship and removal of the pages has had a negative impact on the campaign to free Jagtar has made it more difficult for activists to share information about the case and call for action. Some activists feel the bans are part of a larger effort to silence critics and stifle conversations about the case and its implications on the campaign to free Jagtar and has made it more difficult for activists to share information about the case and call for action. Some activists feel the bans are part of a larger effort to silence critics and stifle conversations about the case and its implications.<br />
<br />
Source:- https://neverforget84.net/jagtar-jaggi-johal/</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Jus_ReignJus Reign2024-01-14T19:02:04Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* Early life */</p>
<hr />
<div>Jasmeet Singh Raina (born November 4, 1989), professionally known as Jus Reign, is a Canadian comedian and music artist of Indian descent. He is most prominently known as a YouTube personality, and one of Much Digital Studios' original creators.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Jasmeet Singh Raina was raised in Guelph, Ontario, Canada into an immigrant Punjabi Kashmiri [[Bhatra]]/[[Bhatts|Bhatt]] Sikh family. When he was 5 years old, his father started paying a maestro to teach Jasmeet and his younger brother, Anmol, in Punjabi classical music. Jasmeet played the Tabla. He started to dislike playing it and as he has stated in his "Draw My Life" on YouTube, he argued with his teacher to the point where he got a tabla thrown at his face. He studied at the University of Guelph, where he originally studied to become a doctor to appease his parents' wishes. Eventually, the sketches Raina was creating on the side went viral and his parents accepted that their son had found success and have since been supportive of his YouTube career.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Singh’s upbringing and his Punjabi roots have provided material for his viral videos (his most popular being THE SWAG SONG). Most of his work contains pop culture parodies, while others provide commentary on race and his struggles with racism.<br />
<br />
While attending the University of Guelph, Singh first met Rupan Bal and invited him to be in his YouTube video 'A-1 Shopping Cart Driving School'. Singh was impressed by Bal's natural comedic skills and decided to incorporate Bal further into his YouTube videos, creating the fictional character of Jus Reign's stereotypical Indian mother. The two worked together in a number of YouTube videos and later co-starred together in the Punjabi film 22g Tussi Ghaint Ho. This was Singh's only acting credit in the Punjabi film industry.<br />
<br />
Singh is also one of Much Digital Studios' original creators, among a roster of various other online influencers.<br />
<br />
In 2015, he was the red carpet correspondent for the Much Music Video Awards. Singh also starred in the web series Dhaliwal '15where he played Bobby Dhaliwal, the first candidate of colour to run for prime minister in the 2015 Canadian federal election. The series was created and directed by Canadian filmmaker Amita Zamaan.<br />
<br />
In June 2016 Raina was featured as a guest writer in 24 Hours Toronto's daily city snapshot "The Six in Toronto", highlighting hot spots to eat and hang out in Toronto. In summer 2016 Raina was included in The Bay St. Bull's "Power 50" list of most influential Canadians for his entrepreneurial skills and online notoriety. On June 19, 2016, he co-hosted the iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards red carpet, speaking to stars like Shemar Moore and Tyler Posey. In 2016, Raina was featured in Playback Magazine's Top 5 to Watch. Also in 2016, he had co-hosted the Scotiabank Giller Prize.<br />
<br />
Jus Reign made an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, in a creator edition of the show's Mean Tweets segment in June 2016.<br />
<br />
In 2017, he and fellow comedian Wahlid Mohammad had started a podcast called Just 2 Boyz.<br />
<br />
In December 2018, Raina took an indefinite hiatus from social media, including YouTube. Reasons for his departure are unknown.<br />
<br />
In October 2019, Raina (along with other Canadian actors) starred in an interactive web-documentary by the National Film Board of Canada called Supreme Law. Raina plays the role of former Canadian Prime Minister, Pierre Elliott Trudeau.<br />
<br />
In 2020, it was announced that Late Bloomer, a comedy series produced by fellow Indo-Canadian comedian Russell Peters, about Raina's rise to fame, was in development. In 2023, it was announced that the show will premiere on Crave, with its premiere set for January 19, 2024.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Raina has developed a strong connection with his Sikh heritage, during his visits to Punjab, India with his family and friends (as he portrays in his videos).<br />
<br />
==Turban controversy==<br />
On February 22, 2016, Raina was forced to remove his Turban at San Francisco International Airport, an hour before boarding a flight to Toronto. Raina, who has a Sikh background, wears a turban for religious reasons. After being told to either remove his turban or book another flight, Raina complied, removing his turban in a private room.<br />
<br />
After completing the security check, Raina asked if security officials could provide him with a mirror so he could re-tie his turban in private. But TSA agents refused, suggesting he walk across the terminal to a public restroom — his head still uncovered — and use a mirror there. Raina noted the experience was an embarrassing and sensitive ordeal, and that a simple fix, like adding a mirror to the private screening area or providing him with a handheld mirror, would have been more respectful.<br />
<br />
The incident led to backlash on Twitter and garnered international headlines in Cosmopolitan India, Seventeen, New York Daily News, and BBC Asia. While a TSA spokesperson made a statement explaining the screening processes for religious garments, they did not apologize directly for the incident with Raina. After the incident, Raina took his frustration over the issue over social media, which sparked a media outrage over TSA racial profiling in general.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus_Reign</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/PrakritPrakrit2024-01-14T16:00:02Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: Created page with "Prakrit is much older than Sanskrit. In fact, the very meaning of the word “Prakrit” is “original”, or “natural”, and “Sanskrit” means “refined” or “modified”. So Sanskrit is just a corruption of Prakrit, which was created by the brahmins."</p>
<hr />
<div>Prakrit is much older than Sanskrit. In fact, the very meaning of the word “Prakrit” is “original”, or “natural”, and “Sanskrit” means “refined” or “modified”. So Sanskrit is just a corruption of Prakrit, which was created by the brahmins.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sukhwinder_Singh-_SingerSukhwinder Singh- Singer2024-01-12T16:25:04Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sukhwinder Singh (born 18 July 1971) is an Indian playback singer who primarily sings Bollywood songs. He sang "Jai Ho" from the film Slumdog Millionaire which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song and a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.<br />
[[Image:SukhwinderSinghSinger.jpg|thumb|400px|SukhwinderSinghSinger Singh|link=Special:FilePath/SukhwinderSinghSinger.jpg]]<br />
==Early life and career==<br />
Sukhwinder Singh hails from Amritsar, Punjab. He released a Punjabi album called Munda Southhall Da with T. Singh, joined Laxmikant–Pyarelal’s troupe, and quickly became a music arranger before heading to South India to look for work, wherein, he sang for the Tamil film Ratchagan.<br />
<br />
Singh got his first Bollywood break with the song "Aaja Sanam" in the film named Khilaaf.<br />
<br />
His first effort in Hindi films, Aaja Sanam, went largely unnoticed even though the music carried the names of Laxmikant–Pyarelal. Then for Dil Se.., A. R. Rahman used Sukhwinder for "Chaiyya Chaiyya".<br />
<br />
He has provided playback singing for Bollywood actor Shahrukh Khan in a total of 7 songs.<br />
<br />
In June 2014, he participated in the seventh season of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa. Sukhwinder has his brothers also Shanker Bhatti, Rinkuu Bhatti and two more. He sung the 2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup anthem, Jai Ho Hindustan Ki composed by Prem Anand.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sardara_SinghSardara Singh2024-01-12T16:16:02Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sardara Singh (born 15 July 1986), sometimes referred as Sardar Singh, is an Indian field hockey coach and former field hockey player. He also served as the captain of the Indian national team. He usually plays the center half position. Sardara became the youngest player to captain the Indian team when he led the side at the 2008 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup. He was awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2015. On 13 July 2016, the responsibilities of the captain were handed over from him to P. R. Sreejesh, the goalkeeper of Indian Team. On 12 September 2018, Sardara announced his retirement from international hockey. He played 314 matches during 12 years in his career.<br />
[[Image:SardaraSinghHockeyPlayer.jpg|thumb|450px|SardaraSinghHockeyPlayer|link=Special:FilePath/SardaraSinghHockeyPlayer.jpg]]<br />
==Early life==<br />
Sardara was born in Haryana's village Sant Nagar in Sirsa District to Gurnam Singh, a RMP doctor, and Jasveer Kaur, a housewife.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Sardara Singh made his debut for India in the junior team during India's 2003–04 tour of Poland. He made his senior debut against Pakistan in 2006. He also plays for his state of Haryana. He is a Deputy Superintendent Police Officer with the Haryana Police and plays for their team. Singh played for Chandigarh Dynamos in the inaugural season of the Premier Hockey League in 2005. He played for Hyderabad Sultans in the next three seasons till 2008, captaining the side.<br />
<br />
His brother Didar Singh, a drag flick specialist also played for the Indian team, Haryana and Chandigarh Dynamos.<br />
<br />
In 2010, he was included in the 18-men FIH All-Star team. In the same year, Singh was signed by the Belgian club, KHC Leuven to play in the Belgian Hockey League. In 2011, he was again named on the FIH All-Star team. Following Singh's impressive showing at the 2013 Asia Cup, he was signed by the Dutch club HC Bloemendaal as a replacement to Teun de Nooijer.<br />
<br />
On 13 July 2016, the responsibilities of the captain were handed over from him to P. R. Sreejesh, the goalkeeper of Indian team. He has captained Indian team for 8 years.<br />
<br />
He quit the sport in September 2018. In 2019, he was included in a 13-member Hockey India selection committee.<br />
<br />
===Hockey India League===<br />
Sardar Singh became the highest-paid marquee player at the inaugural Hockey India League auctions as the Delhi franchise bought him for US$78,000 (₹42,49,000). The Delhi team was named Delhi Waveriders. He captained his side to finish on second place in its inaugural season and was awarded the 'Player of the Tournament.' He was honoured with Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award.<br />
<br />
===Punjabi Music Industry===<br />
Sardar Singh is making his first Punjabi Music Industry debut by featuring in song ‘Gallan Karraiyan’ by veteran Punjabi singer Hardeep Singh of Shehar Patiale de fame. The song is written by Sukha Wadali and the music is by Jaidev Kumar.<br />
<br />
==Achievements==<br />
*Awarded 'Player of Tournament' in the 2012 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, where India won the Bronze.<br />
*He was adjudged the Player of the Tournament in the 2012 Summer Olympics Qualifiers, where India won the Gold.<br />
*He was adjudged the Player of the Tournament in the 2010 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, where India won the Gold.<br />
*He participated in Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament in Malaysia in the year 2006 and the team won Bronze Medal.<br />
*He participated in SAF Games at Colombo in the year 2006 and the team scored 2nd position.<br />
*He participated in 7th Junior Challenge Open Men's at Poland 2006 and scored 2nd position.<br />
*He participated in 2007 Men's Hockey Champions Challenge at Belgium 2007 and got Bronze Medal.<br />
He participated in Commonwealth Games 2006 at Melbourne.<br />
*He participated in INDO-PAK series 2006.<br />
*He participated in Four Nations International Tournament at Germany and the team scored Bronze Medal.<br />
*He also participated in Four Nations Hockey Tournament at Lahore and the team win Silver Medal.<br />
*He participated in Men's Hockey Asia Cup at Chennai 2007 and the team grabbed Gold Medal.<br />
<br />
Sardara Singh in Hero Hockey World League<br />
He participated for India in Canada for the 7 game Test Series against the Canadian National Field Hockey Team</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Labh_Singh_SainiLabh Singh Saini2024-01-10T17:43:01Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* Freedom-fighter */</p>
<hr />
<div>Labh Singh [[Saini]] (1895–1947), known as Babu Labh Singh, Akali politician and notable freedom fighter, was born in 1895 and was the son of Lahiran. He spent his early youth at Quetta and passed his Matriculation examination from the high school there. In 1914, he took up service in the army as a clerk. For this reason, he was sometimes also known as Babu Labh Singh. He resigned his job as a protest against the killing of Sikhs at Nankana Sahib on 20 February 1921, and joined the campaign for the reform of Gurdwara management.<br />
[[Image:Shaheed Babu Labh Singh.jpg|thumb|800px|Shaheed Babu Labh Singh|link=Special:FilePath/Shaheed_Babu_Labh_Singh.jpg]]<br />
==Freedom-fighter==<br />
He was arrested in 1922 in connection with the Guru ka Bagh agitation. On 18 April 1924, he courted arrest at Jaito and was detained in Nabha jail. He was released along with other Akali prisoners after the passage in 1925 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act. In 1926, he was elected president of the district unit of the Jalandhar Akali Jatha. In 1928, he participated in a protest march against the Simon Commission, and in 1930 he, along with a batch of 100 Sikh volunteers from his district, participated in the Civil Disobedience movement launched by the Indian National Congress. He was taken into custody in Delhi, but was released after the Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed in 1931. He was arrested under the Defence of India Rules during the Quit India Movement. He organized from 25 to 27 November 1944 at Jandiala, in Jalandhar district, a massive Sikh conference to celebrate the silver jubilee of the Shiromani Akali Dal. In 1945, he was elected president of the Shiromani Akali Dal which office he held until his death on 9 March 1947 at Jalandhar.<br />
<br />
As per the book “Akali Lehar De Mahaan Neta”, authored by Pratap Singh Gyani, a former Takht Jathedar, Babu Labh Singh was a part of the first Guru Ka Bagh Morcha in 1922 and also contributed to the Jaito Morcha.<br />
<br />
The Jalandhar Civil Hospital and Shaheed Babu Labh Singh Nagar are named after him, but locals do not know much about his legacy.<br />
<br />
==Akali Dal president==<br />
As the leader of the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], Labh Singh, condemned Indian communists for their role in the partition and passionately advocated for the Prisoners of War (POW) status for [[Azad Hind Fauj]] (Indian National Army) captives. <ref>Shiromani Akali Dal, By O. P. Ralhan,pp 305, Published by Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., 1998ISBN 8174884750, 9788174884756</ref><br />
<br />
He was stabbed along with Narinder Nath Khanna, N.F 169, quilla Mohalla Jalandhar by a Muslim fanatic while leading a peace march after communal disturbances in the town. The Civil Hospital and a Gurudwara in Rainak Bazar at Jalandhar commemorate his memory.<ref>"Gurdwara Shaheed Babu Labh Singh has been built in his memory." Encyclopedia of Jalandhar: Jalandhara, pp 66, By Harajindara Siṅgha Dilagīra, Published by Sikh University Press, 2004, Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized 3 Sep 2008</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
1. Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh, Shiromani Akali Dal. Chandigarh, 1980<br />
<br />
2. Pratap Singh, Giani, Gurdwara Sudhar arthat Akali. Lahir. Amritsar, 1975<br />
<br />
3. Akali Lahir de Mahan Neta. Amritsar, 1976<br />
<br />
4. Ashok, Shamsher Singh, Panjab dian Lahiran. Patiala, 1974<br />
<br />
5. Josh, Sohan Singh, Akali Morchian da Itihas. Delhi, 1972<br />
[[Category:Baba]]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Rediffusion_Sikh_CampaignRediffusion Sikh Campaign2024-01-07T17:42:33Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
<hr />
<div>The Indian Government Hired a PR Firm to Defame the Sikhs in 1984 which Later Became Rediff.com, a popular Indian news and entertainment website.<br />
<br />
==Manufacturing Fear:Or, How We Helped Rajiv Manipulate the Electorate in 1984, Article By-AJIT BALAKRISHNAN==<br />
The man shuffled into the room, and cleared his throat. Rajiv Gandhi glanced away from the presentation screen he had been watching intensely for the past few hours. The four of us making the presentation turned and looked at the man too. It was past midnight. The man, noticing he had Rajiv’s attention, shuffled along the walls of the long conference room, bent and whispered into his ear. Rajiv stiffened imperceptibly but his face showed no emotion.<br />
<br />
“Is she safe?” he asked. The man nodded, and then shuffled out of the room. We returned to our presentation.<br />
<br />
It was August 1983, and Ninoy Aquino, that valiant opponent of President Ferdinand Marcos’s long, despotic rule, had just been assassinated at Manila airport. Rajiv had enquired about his wife Corazon. In time to come, the assassination would catapult Corazon to the Philippine presidency and end the 20-year Marcos regime, but right then, it was one more unsettling event in an unsettling year.<br />
<br />
The presentation we returned to was the ad campaign for the Congress party for the forthcoming Lok Sabha election.<br />
<br />
As you can imagine, all of this was heady stuff for the four of us from Rediffusion.<br />
<br />
Arun Nanda and I were in our 30s and the other two in their 20s, and we were watching world history from a ringside seat. Till then, we were content in our little world, exploring the creative limits of advertising, experimenting with the newly emerging personal computer to do snazzy media planning and other such turn-ons as befitting a bunch of kids from the IIMs.<br />
<br />
Rajiv Gandhi had been shanghaied into politics as general secretary of the Congress party; he had, in turn, shanghaied his friends Arun Singh and Arun Nehru into the party to help improve its fast dwindling chances in the imminent Lok Sabha elections. Arun Singh was at Reckitt & Colman and Arun Nehru at Jenson & Nicholson, two clients for whom Rediffusion had just done feted ad campaigns. So, when our clients were called to Delhi, we were as well.<br />
<br />
The presentation we were all peering at was making a significant point. India, in the 1980s, had an electorate of several hundred millions, but we had discovered, through rigorous computer-based statistical analysis, that only a very small percentage determined election outcomes; the balance were loyalists voting for the same party in every successive election. When we ran these numbers on our computers in different ways, we discovered that these swing voters were very different from the rest: they were literate and were avid newspaper readers. This insight settled our media plan—we would run the Congress campaign only in print.<br />
<br />
As for the creative strategy, much of it suggested itself. Look at what was going on just then. President Reagan had just raised the pitch of the Cold War confrontation by announcing his ‘Star Wars’ missile defence scheme (March 1983); 3,000 Tamils were massacred in a genocide in Sri Lanka, giving new impetus to the Tamil separatist movement (July 1983); Punjab had been afire all year long, leading up to Operation Bluestar (June 1984)...confrontation was everywhere!<br />
<br />
We correctly guessed that in this era of uncertainty and turmoil, what the newspaper-reading swing voter wanted was the peace and quiet that only a strong and impartial government could provide.<br />
<br />
‘Will your groceries list, in the future, include acid bulbs, iron rods, daggers?’ asked the first ad. Ordinary citizens, we argued, need to arm themselves only when governments become weak. Vote for Congress.<br />
<br />
‘Will the country’s border finally move to your doorstep?’ asked the next, casting an eye on the raging separatist movements. Would you soon look uneasily at your neighbour just because he belongs to another community? Vote for Congress and vote for unity, otherwise it is a vote for separatism.<br />
<br />
‘Can you name the country that has a highergrowth rate than UK or US?’ asked a third. We discovered, during our numbercrunching, that in the middle of all the chaos, India had in the last five years up to then grown industrially at 4.9 per cent per year, compared to a 1.2 per cent growth for the US and a 0.3 per cent decline for the UK.<br />
And so on.<br />
<br />
The campaign was ready to go on four-week notice as the monsoon of 1984 drew to a close. We went back to our day job of trying to make soaps and detergents and toothpaste exciting to consumers, awaiting the start signal from the Congress party.<br />
<br />
Then came the bombshell.<br />
<br />
On October 31, two guards in Mrs Gandhi’s elite security detail (how many times we must have greeted these two while on our way to meetings there) shot her dead - [as sentence for her crimes in Amritsar.] We, and the whole country, watched in horror [as a well-orchestrated genocide began against tens of thousands of innocent Sikhs ... merely because the two who executed Indira had been of the Sikh faith.]<br />
<br />
Suddenly the words we had crafted many, many months ago started ringing even truer than when we had written them.<br />
<br />
Elections were called soon afterwards.<br />
<br />
The ad campaign ran exactly as it had been cooked up long before anything that warranted its contents had happened ... that is, ads first created many months before; in an amazing turn of events, reality had caught up with it.<br />
<br />
And this reality, grimmer than we ever imagined -- created by the Congress party itself - heightened the nuances of the words and pictures we had used and gave them an urgency we had not seen when we created them.<br />
<br />
Rajiv Gandhi and the Congress party won the 1984 election handsomely. But life soon became complicated for him and the Congress. The high industrial growth rate we had advertised so proudly had been achieved, it turned out, through large-scale imports financed by extensive foreign commercial borrowings; when worldwide interest rates rose sharply and the time came to repay, India was in dire straits. Unfortunately, many other countries had done what India did—over-borrow from commercial banks at floating interest rates; when international lenders, fearing large-scale default, pulled back, what we got was the Great Recession of 1989.<br />
<br />
The 1989 Lok Sabha elections, held with this inflation-stoked recession as its backdrop, resulted in the Congress being trounced, driving home a lesson: never hold an election in the middle of a recession or inflation.<br />
<br />
Eventually, the Tamil separatist movement -- part of the turbulent backdrop against which we had devised our ’84 campaign -- would claim Rajiv Gandhi’s own life.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The author was one of the chief architects behind the fear-mongering ads which ultimately led to the execution by his co-religionists of Rajiv Gandhi himself for his own crimes - the very man who had employed them to create the mischievous ads.<br />
<br />
[Courtesy: Outlook. Edited for sikhchic.com]<br />
<br />
July 27, 2012 [https://sikhchic.com/1984/manufacturing_fear_or_how_we_helped_rajiv_manipulate_the_electorate_in_1984]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Grand_National_DXGrand National DX2024-01-06T23:15:19Z<p>Haruki.Mastana: thanks very thanks</p>
<hr />
<div>grand national dx been discounted and not available</div>Haruki.Mastanahttps://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/ToorToor2023-12-31T16:02:22Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
<hr />
<div>Toor Surname is a Variant of Tomar/Tanwar Surname. They have Rajput Roots who Exist both in the [[Jat]] Community and the [[Saini]] Clan. They claim Chandravanshi descent. <br />
<br />
Most of their population is primarily concentrated in Delhi, Haryana-Torawati and Western UP. There exists 84 villages of Tomars in Western UP alone. Besides,few areas in Northern Madhya Pradesh like Morena, Bhind and Gwalior is referred to as "Tomargarh" meaning "Fort of Tomars" due to quite large population of Tomar Rajputs outside Delhi and its surrounding areas.<br />
<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Tomar clan claim descent from Chandravanshi dynasty, naming the Mahabharata warrior Arjuna among their forebears.<br />
<br />
The earliest extant historical reference to the Tomaras (the Sanskrit form of "Tomar") occurs in the Pehowa inscription of the Gurjara-Pratihara king Mahendrapala I (r. c. 885-910 CE). This undated inscription suggests that the Tomara chief Gogga was a vassal of Mahendrapala I.<br />
<br />
===Tomaras of Delhi===<br />
During 9th-12th century, the Tomaras of Delhi ruled parts of the present-day Delhi, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, Gwalior and parts of Rajasthan.[need quotation to verify] Much of the information about this dynasty comes from bardic legends of little historical value, and therefore, the reconstruction of their history is difficult. According to the bardic tradition, the dynasty's founder Anangapal Tomar (that is Anangapala I Tomara) founded Delhi in 736 CE.Someshvara The bardic legends also state that the last Tomara King (also named Anangapal) passed on the throne of Delhi to his son-in-law Prithviraj Chauhan. This claim is subject to interpretation: historical evidence shows that Prithviraj inherited Delhi from his father Someshvara. According to the Bijolia inscription of Someshvara, his brother Vigraharaja IV had captured Dhillika (Delhi) and Ashika (Hansi); he probably defeated a Tomara ruler.<br />
<br />
===Tomaras of Gwalior===<br />
The Tomaras of Gwalior ruled an area north of Gwalior known as the Tonwargarh tract. The most notable of these rulers was Man Singh Tomar (1486-1517).<br />
<br />
==Toor in [[Jat|Jats]] and [[Saini|Sainis]]==<br />
Toor in [[Jat|Jats]] are a Result of the [[Singh Sabha]] Labelling some Famous Toor Personalites as a Part of the Jat Community among many other People of Different castes. <br />
<br />
Toor in [[Saini|Sainis]] are a Result of one Chandravanshi Rajput Clan Becoming Part of Another Chandravanshi Rajput Clan via Intermarriages or Relabelling.</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Tajinderpal_Singh_ToorTajinderpal Singh Toor2023-12-31T15:29:30Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* Early life */</p>
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<div>Tejinder Pal Singh Toor (born 13 November 1994) is an Indian shot putter who holds the outdoor national record of 20.75m.<br />
[[Image:Tejinder Pal Singh Toor.jpg|thumb|700px|Tejinder Pal Singh Toor|link=Special:FilePath/Tejinder_Pal_Singh_Toor.jpg]]<br />
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==Early life==<br />
[[Toor]] was born on 13 November 1994 in Khosa Pando village in Moga district, Punjab. Hailing from a family of farmers, he switched from cricket to shot put at the insistence of his father.<br />
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==Career==<br />
In June 2017, Toor recorded his personal best outdoor throw of 20.40m at the Federation Cup National Senior Athletics Championships in Patiala, but fell short of the World Championships qualification standard of 20.50m. In the following month, he won the silver medal at the 2017 Asian Athletics Championships in Bhubaneswar with a throw of 19.77m, missing out on the gold medal by 0.03m.<br />
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Toor finished eighth in the final of the 2018 Commonwealth Games with a throw of 19.42m.<br />
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On 25 August 2018, Toor won gold at the 2018 Asian Games with a 20.75m throw, breaking the Games record and the national record.<br />
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In August 2018, Toor won gold at the 2018 Asian Games with a 20.75m throw, breaking the Games record and the national record. He won the gold medal at the 2019 Asian Athletics Championships in Doha with a throw of 20.22m.<br />
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Toor qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics by registering a throw of 21.49m at the Indian Grand Prix IV in June 2021, clearing the 21.10m entry standard. This throw also broke the national and Asian records. Competing with a heavily-bandaged shoulder at the Olympics, Toor registered only one legal throw of 19.99m in qualifying and failed to reach the final round.<br />
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At the 2022 Indian Open Nationals, he was adjudged the best male athlete.<br />
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At the 2023 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships in Astana, Kazakhstan, Tajinder won a gold medal and defended the title with a gold medal at the 2023 Asian Athletics Championships in Bangkok, Thailand, with a 20.23m throw.<br />
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Source- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajinderpal_Singh_Toor</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Ajai_AlaiAjai Alai2023-12-31T13:17:42Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>'''Ajai Alai''' is a powerful mantra that can lift you out of depression and anger. Written by [[Guru Gobind Singh ji]], the 10th Sikh Guru, these powerful words are an ode to the Divine.<br />
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=='''The MANTRA And MEANING'''==<br />
''Ajai Alai'' – Invincible, Indestructible.<br />
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''Abhai Abai'' – Fearless, Unchanging.<br />
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''Abhoo Ajoo'' – Unformed, Unborn.<br />
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''Anaas Akaas'' – Imperishable, Etheric. <br />
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''Aganj Abhanj'' – Unbreakable, Impenetrable.<br />
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''Alakkh Abhakkh'' – Unseen, Unaffected.<br />
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''Akaal Dy-aal'' – Undying, Merciful. <br />
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''Alaykh Abhaykh'' – Indescribable, Uncostumed.<br />
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''Anaam Akaam'' – Nameless, Desireless.<br />
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''Agaah Adhaah'' – Unfathomable, Incorruptible.<br />
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''Anaathay Pramaathay'' – Unmastered, Destroyer.<br />
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''Ajonee Amonee'' – Beyond birth, Beyond silence.<br />
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''Na Raagay Na Rangay'' – Beyond love, Beyond color.<br />
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''Na Roopay Na Raykhay'' – Beyond form, Beyond shape.<br />
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''Akarmang Abharmang'' – Beyond karma, Beyond doubt.<br />
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''Aganjay Alaykhay'' – Unconquerable, Indescribable.<br />
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“This world is in a lot of pain. People are going crazy and these Jaap Sahib Chands (verses) are the tool to help them out of their depression and anger. This is what is required NOW. We need to penetrate the hearts of everyone so they can feel hope and love again. Whenever you are in trouble mentally, or you are being attacked in one way or another, chant these words and opposition will dissolve in your face. Once you recite this mantra correctly, it will give you the power that whatever you say must happen. When you chant this mantra, you have the power to surpass anything.” ~Siri Singh Sahib Ji<br />
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Source- https://www.sikhdharma.org/ajai-alai/</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Soni_PablaSoni Pabla2023-12-30T10:43:43Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>Soni [[Pabla Sainis|Pabla]] (29 June 1976 – 14 October 2006) was an Indian-born musician who wrote and sang Punjabi songs. He died on 14 October 2006 at the age of 30 in Brampton, Ontario, Canada.<br />
[[Image:SoniPabla—TejpalSinghSainiPabla.jpg|thumb|1000px|SoniPabla—TejpalSinghSainiPabla|link=Special:FilePath/SoniPabla—TejpalSinghSainiPabla.jpg]]<br />
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==Life==<br />
[[Image:SoniPabla-TejpalSinghSainiPablaOLD.jpg|thumb|500px|SoniPabla-TejpalSinghSainiPablaOLD|link=Special:FilePath/SoniPabla-TejpalSinghSainiPablaOLD.jpg]]<br />
Soni Pabla (Tejpal Singh [[Saini]] Pabla) was born and raised in a village near Bilaspur, Hoshiarpur , Punjab , India. He belonged to the Sikh [[Saini]] community in Punjab. Soni Pabla moved to Toronto , Canada , in the mid-90s. He studied music with Rajinder Singh Raj and then with Mahesh Malwani, and signed a recording contract with Planet Recordz, a Canadian record label. Soni released his debut album titled "Heeray Heeray" in 2002. In 2004, he teamed up with [[Sukshinder Shinda]] to produce his second album titled, "Gal Dil Di", Under Records. He has also been one of the guests to participate in numerous albums by different producers. His album "Eternity (Naseebo)" was a tribute to Soni by his friends and by the Recordz Planet label after his death. This album includes new songs, which Soni had chosen for his album. Some of his songs on this album also feature other guest Punjabi singers. Fans released another album in tribute to him, She is the One - featuring [https://wikitia.com/wiki/Ikwinder_Singh Ikky].<br />
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==Death==<br />
Soni Pabla died at the age of 30, while performing a theater performance in Brampton , Ontario , Canada on October 14 , 2006 . After performing a few songs, Soni went backstage to get a glass of water, although the artist collapsed before he could drink. Paramedics tried to revive him, but he was unsuccessful and was pronounced dead when he was rushed to a hospital. He had suffered a heart attack (Acute myocardial infarction). Soni Pabla's funeral was broadcast by an Asian television program Jee Aayan Nu, and television screens also showed his family and friends mourning him.<br />
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==Discography==<br />
{| border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 2px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;"<br />
|- bgcolor="#AACCDD" align="left"<br />
! Release <br />
! Album<br />
! Record Label<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''Heeray Heeray''<br />
| Planet Recordz<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''Gal Dil Di'' Music By [[Sukshinder Shinda]]<br />
| Planet Recordz/Genie Records/Velocity Rekords<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''Eternity(Naseebo) Family-Friends Tribute''<br />
| MovieBox/Planet Recordz<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| ''She's The One— ft.Ikky -Fans Tribute''<br />
| 4N Records<br />
|-<br />
| (New Year Programme-2006)<br />
| ''Single- [https://open.spotify.com/track/0x0kwP2hROc728OnXZWEfX?si=goe75L96TBigyyCrK9uZLQ Akkhan Billiyan] -From Album [https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/tohar-shaukeena-dee-new-year-programme-2006/4oC5mrEmyCE_ Tohar Shaukeena Dee]''<br />
| T-Series<br />
|-<br />
| 14-October-2013<br />
| ''Unfinished Project - Tribute by Money Spinner''<br />
| Planet Recordz<br />
|}<br />
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==Gallery==<br />
[[Image:SoniPablawithSukhwinderSingh.jpg|thumb|180px|SSoniPablawithSukhwinderSingh|link=Special:FilePath/SoniPablawithSukhwinderSingh.jpg]]</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Pabla_SainisPabla Sainis2023-12-30T10:17:44Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: /* List of Few Pabla Villages */</p>
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<div>The Pablay or Pabla(Gurmukhi-ਪਾਬਲਾ) is a sub-clan or Gotra of the [[Saini]] or Shoorsaini caste. They are mainly Sikhs and are found in the Punjab region, India. They are a minority among Saini Sub-Castes. But forms an important component of the global Punjabi diaspora.<br />
<ref>[http://sainionline.net/list-of-saini-clans.html]</ref><ref>[https://sites.google.com/a/sikhcastes.com/sikh-castes/sikh-caste-names/saini-sikh-subcastes]</ref><br />
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==Notable Pabla Sainis==<br />
*[[Soni Pabla]]<ref>[https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Soni_Pabla]</ref><ref>[http://sainionline.net/personalities/soni-pabla.html]</ref><br />
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*Prabhsimran Singh Pabla, CEO at G63 Digital and B3lieve Records.<br />
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*Hommi Pabla, Punjabi Singer and CEO of B3lieve Records.<br />
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*[[ Bibi Sharan Kaur Pabla|Shaheed Bibi Sharan Kaur Pabla]]<ref>[http://sainionline.net/shaheed-bibi-sharan-kaur-pabla.html]</ref><br />
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*Kuldip Pabla, Senior Vice President of Engineering at K4Connect.<br />
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*Parm Pabla is a lecturer on the BA (Hons) Policing course at Nottingham Trent University.<br />
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*Chaudhari Balbir Singh of Ch. Balbir Singh Public School, Hoshiarpur was also a Pabla Saini<br />
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*Navjot Pabla | Ohio State University College of Pharmacy.<br />
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==Contains the name Pabla==<br />
*Pabla Enterprises<br />
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*Pabla Bearings Limited<br />
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*Verity Pabla- veritypabla.com<br />
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*Navi Pabla- navipablacreations.com<br />
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==List of Few Pabla Villages==<br />
*Ganga Singh Wala, Sangrur, Punjab<br />
*Bilaspur, Hoshiarpur, Punjab<br />
*Khanpur, Chamkaur Sahib,Punjab<br />
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==External Links==<br />
*https://ar.wiki5.ru/wiki/Pabla_Sainis<br />
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabla_Sainis (Vandalized)</div>Gurveerxsingh04https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sat_KartarSat Kartar2023-12-30T05:54:36Z<p>Gurveerxsingh04: </p>
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<div>Guru Nanak Sahib used to use the greeting '''ਸਤਿ ਕਰਤਾਰ''' ("SAT KARTAR")<br />
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When he would meet people on his ਯਾਤਰਾ/Tours he would greet with the line Sat Kartar.<br />
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The Village/Pind he stayed in for the majority of his Life/Jeevan was named kartarpur.<br />
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*What does Sat Kartar even mean?<br />
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➨Sat=True/eternal/indestructible,Kartar= Master Of All Creation<br />
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➥The True creator/Doer of truth/True is the Creator<br />
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''Waheguru ji ka khalsa, Waheguru ji ki fateh''<br />
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Note:- Not to be Confused with the Cults and Sects with the Same Name. Which they adapted from the Greeting as there name.</div>Gurveerxsingh04