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'''Khalsa Mahima''' is a religious hymn in praise of Khalsa, composed by [[Guru Gobind Singh]], is present in second sacred scripture of Sikhs, The [[Dasam Granth]] . This hymn is different from [[Khalsa Mahima]] composition present in Sarabloh Granth.  
{{BaniInfo
|Name  = Khalsa Mahima
|Image name= Will to Khalsa.jpg
|BookName= Dasam Granth Sahib
|Structure =  3 stanzas and 1 couplet (Dohra).
|Writer = [[Guru Gobind Singh]]
|Place= Kapal Mochan
|Other Info= Praise of Khalsa
}}
'''Khalsa Mahima''' of Dasam Granth, is a religious hymn in praise of [[Khalsa]], composed by [[Guru Gobind Singh]], is present in second sacred scripture of [[Sikh]]s, The [[Dasam Granth]] .  
* This Composition contains comparative analysis of two religious figures Khalsa and Hindu Pundit.
* This content of composition is different from [[Khalsa Mahima]] composition present in [[Sarabloh Granth]].
* This Composition contains three stanzas in one [[Swaiya]] and a couplet ([[Dohra]]).<ref name ="ssk">Dr. S.S. Kapoor, Dasam Granth, Hemkunt Press</ref>
* The most important point of this composition is the '''transfer of will by Guru Gobind Singh to Khalsa warriors'''.  


* This is historical piece of information when guru Gobind Singh ji was distributing robe of honor to Khalsa Warriors. According to Traditions, Brahmin was first who was given robe of honor but Guru Gobind Singh ji mistakenly ignored brahmin(Mishar Ji) and started distributed it to Khalsa warriors. When Mishar Ji get angry then [[Guru Gobind Singh]] conveyed that he mistakenly ignored Mishar Ji and showed his inclination towards fearless Khalsa warriors who do both jobs, on one side fight like Kashatriyas(Defenders of Faith) and on other side preach religion like Brahmins i.e Sant Sipahi. This hurts Brahmin(Mishar Ji) but when he searched that Brahmins even left the Jobs of Brahmins(Brahm Vichar) then he felt ashamed and wept.
==History==
At [[Kapal Mochan]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]] gave robes of honour([[Siropa]]) to warriors who fought in [[Battle of Bhangani]] and other [[Sikh]]s. There was a traditional way of giving honor(Siropa) to Brahmin before giving to others. When Guru Gobind Singh started giving Siropa, he mistakenly forge to give it to Head priest, refereed as Mishar Ji, and started distributed among warriors and Sikhs. Mishar Ji felt insulted with this, when Guru Sahib noticed that Mishar Ji looks anxious then he politely said that he did not ignored him knowingly, as these Sikh warriors do same work of Brahmins(learning and preaching Spiritual Wisdom). That's why for him they are above Mishar Ji because where they learn and preach Spiritual wisdom to Mankind(like Brahmins) there they also fight like warriors(Kashatriyas) in battlefield and lay down there lives .
 
Guru Gobind Singh also announced that he would be fond of giving donations to these Khalsa because only these Sikh warriors values the given donations and use it appropriately for Mankind. He also announced his purpose of taking Human body is to create Khalsa Panth(Under directions of Hukam). When Mishar Ji heard all this, he became angry and when he actually discovered on what Guru ji said, he wept on the fact that people like him have left even deeds of A Brahmin and turned greedy, Ritualistic and lost the Wisdom (Knowledge of Brahm) and these Sikhs who are Brahmin as well as Kashatriyas by deeds are going to replaced them in realm of religion.


* Guru Gobind Singh also transferred his will to Khalsa in this hymn.  
==Facts==
[[File:Gurdwarakapmoch.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gurdwara Kapal Mochan Sahib]]
* This composition praises Khalsa Army.
* It was composed in Kapal Mochan after [[Battle of Bhangani]] when Guru Gobind Singh was providing robes of honor to his warriors and was address to Mishar, Hindu Scholar.  It is also believed that the composition was addressed to Pandit Kesho Dutt, a Hindu scholar, on the conclusion of Yagna at Naina Devi<ref name ="ssk"/> but Yagna is not treated as Sikh ritual due to this claim is highly vague.
* The second part of this composition is recited among sikhs in Kirtans:<br>ਜੁੱਧ ਜਿਤੇ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸੁ ਦਾਨ ਕਰੇ ॥ <br>ਅਘ ਅਉਘ ਟਰੈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਫੁਨ ਧਾਮ ਭਰੇ ॥<br>ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸੁ ਬਿੱਦਿਆ ਲਈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਸਭ ਸ਼ੱਤ੍ਰੁ ਮਰੇ ॥<br>ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਕੇ ਸਜੇ ਹਮ ਹੈਂ ਨਹੀ ਮੋਸੋ ਗਰੀਬ ਕਰੋਰ ਪਰੇ ॥੨॥
* Guru Gobind Singh had given equal status to Khalsa when he say eulogizing the khalsa that it is because of khalsa that he has been what he is.<ref>Page 13, GKaur, Political Ethics of Guru Granth Sahib</ref>
* Guru Gobind Singh ji conveyed that if he is willing to donate anything that he will donate to Khalsa rather than [[Hindu]] [[Brahmin]]s because Khalsa Values the given things by using it in preaching Gurmat thoughts, use in charity for poor and needy, give food to hungry and purchase arms for preventing [[Sikhism]] and fight against tyranny.
* This hymn sanctifies the Varna (Hinduism) classification and stresses that Brahmins should also fight like [[Kshatriya]] and [[Kshatriya]] should also learn and preach wisdom of [[God|Almighty]] and both characters are played by Khalsa. For instance, Pundit Kirpa Ram was brahmin who preached Gurmat thought and also fight and died in [[Battle of Chamkaur]] like Kashatriya.


==Hymn==
==Hymn==
{{Dasam Granth Sidebar}}
===Punjabi Text===
===Punjabi Text===
ੴ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਜੀ ਕੀ ਫਤਹ ॥<br>
<big><center>ੴ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਜੀ ਕੀ ਫਤਹ ॥<br>
ਸ੍ਰੀ ਮੁਖਵਾਕ ਪਾਤਿਸ਼ਾਹੀ ੧੦॥<br>
ਸ੍ਰੀ ਮੁਖਵਾਕ ਪਾਤਿਸ਼ਾਹੀ ੧੦॥<br>
ਸ੍ਵੈਯਾ ॥<br>
ਸ੍ਵੈਯਾ ॥<br>
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ਚਟਪਟਾਇ ਚਿਤ ਮੈ ਜਰਯੋ ਤ੍ਰਿਣ ਜਯੋਂ ਕ੍ਰੁੱਧਤ ਹੋਇ ॥<br>  
ਚਟਪਟਾਇ ਚਿਤ ਮੈ ਜਰਯੋ ਤ੍ਰਿਣ ਜਯੋਂ ਕ੍ਰੁੱਧਤ ਹੋਇ ॥<br>  
ਖੋਜ ਰੋਜ ਕੇ ਹੇਤ ਲਗ ਦਯੋ ਮਿਸਰ ਜੂ ਰੋਇ ॥੪॥
ਖੋਜ ਰੋਜ ਕੇ ਹੇਤ ਲਗ ਦਯੋ ਮਿਸਰ ਜੂ ਰੋਇ ॥੪॥
 
</center></big>
===Hindi Text===
===Hindi Text===
ੴ स्री वाहिगुरू जी की फतह ॥<br>
<big><center>ੴ स्री वाहिगुरू जी की फतह ॥<br>
स्री मुखवाक पातिशाही १०॥<br>
स्री मुखवाक पातिशाही १०॥<br>
स्वैया ॥<br>
स्वैया ॥<br>
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दोहरा ॥<br>
दोहरा ॥<br>
चटपटाइ चित मै जरयो त्रिण जयों क्रु्धत होइ ॥ <br>
चटपटाइ चित मै जरयो त्रिण जयों क्रु्धत होइ ॥ <br>
खोज रोज के हेत लग दयो मिसर जू रोइ ॥४॥<br>
खोज रोज के हेत लग दयो मिसर जू रोइ ॥४॥<br></center></big>
 
==History==
At Kapal Mochan, Guru Gobind Singh gave robes of honour to Warriors who fought in Battle of Bhangani. It is traditional way to give honour to Brahmin before giving to others. When Guru gobind Singh started giving honours, he mistakenely forget to give it to Head Brahmin at Kapal Mochan. Brahmin became anxious that Guru Gobind Singh did insult of him by not giving robes of honour to him.
 
When Guru Gobind Singh saw and found that brahmin is mayoos and angry then Guru Gobind Singh said to Brahmin that he was not get ignored knowingly as the same work of Brahmin is done by Sikh warriors who faught in Battle of Bhangani. So for Guru Ji they are head of Brahmins because where they fight like warriors there they also learn and preach Vedmat=Gyanmat=Gurmat.
 
Guru Gobind Singh also anounced that he is fond of giving donations to these warriors only because only these Khalsa warriors values the given donations and use it appropriately for bestwill of society. He also conveyed Hindu brahmin that just to create Khalsa Panth he had taken form in Patna rather many of lowly are there in Sachkhand like him.
 


When brahmin heard all this he first became angry and when he searched on his preaching and discovered that it is fact that Brahmin have left the works of Brahmins and these Kashatriya-Brahmins (Sant Sipahi) Khalsa has taken his seat.
===English Text===
<big><center>
<div align="center" style='width:800px;background-color:white;border:1px solid black;padding:2px 2px 2px 2px;color:black'>
The Lord is One and the Victory is of the Lord.<br>
The ultterance from the holy mouth of the Tenth King :<br>
SWAYYA<br>
O Mishr Ji!! (as you say) whatever the providence has recorded, it will surely happen, therefore, forsake your sorrow; there is no fault of mine in this; I had only forgotton (to serve you earlier); do not get enraged on my error; I shall surely cause to send the best dress of Fulkari as religious gift; do not be anxious about that, as these Kshatriyas had been performing the jobs for the Brahmins; now be kind to them, looking towards them....1....<br>
By the kindness of these Brahmin Kashatriyas(Sikhs), I have conquered the wars and also by their kindness, I have bestowed charities; by their kindness the clusters on sins have been destroyed and by their kindness my house is full of wealth and materials;By their kindness, I have received positive education(spiritual education) and by their kindness all my enemies have been destroyed; by their kindness I have taken this form as many humble person like me are present in Sachkhand....2....<br>
I like to serve them and my mind is not pleased to serve others; the charities bestowed on them are really good and the charities given to others do not appear to be nice;The charities given to them will be fruitful in future and the charities given to others in the world are unsavoury in front of donation given to them; in my house, my mind, my body, my wealth and even my head everything belongs to them....3....<br>
DOHRA<br>
Just as the straws while burning in ire are flabbergasted, in the same way, the Brahmin got enraged in his mind and thinking about his means of sustenance, he wept....4....<br>
</div>
</center>
</big>


==Listen Shabad==
==Listen Shabad==
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==Listen Katha==
==Listen Katha==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12BMcpHtGcY Katha Khalsa Mahima]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQfkg0drVRc Katha Khalsa Mahima]


==External Links==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Dasam Granth]]
[[category:Dasam Granth]]

Latest revision as of 09:42, 4 May 2013

Khalsa Mahima (Dasam Granth)
Will to Khalsa.jpg
Bani Name : Khalsa Mahima
Book Name : Dasam Granth Sahib
Structure : 3 stanzas and 1 couplet (Dohra).
Writer : Guru Gobind Singh
Composed at : Kapal Mochan
Other Info: Praise of Khalsa

Khalsa Mahima of Dasam Granth, is a religious hymn in praise of Khalsa, composed by Guru Gobind Singh, is present in second sacred scripture of Sikhs, The Dasam Granth .

  • This Composition contains comparative analysis of two religious figures Khalsa and Hindu Pundit.
  • This content of composition is different from Khalsa Mahima composition present in Sarabloh Granth.
  • This Composition contains three stanzas in one Swaiya and a couplet (Dohra).[1]
  • The most important point of this composition is the transfer of will by Guru Gobind Singh to Khalsa warriors.

History

At Kapal Mochan, Guru Gobind Singh gave robes of honour(Siropa) to warriors who fought in Battle of Bhangani and other Sikhs. There was a traditional way of giving honor(Siropa) to Brahmin before giving to others. When Guru Gobind Singh started giving Siropa, he mistakenly forge to give it to Head priest, refereed as Mishar Ji, and started distributed among warriors and Sikhs. Mishar Ji felt insulted with this, when Guru Sahib noticed that Mishar Ji looks anxious then he politely said that he did not ignored him knowingly, as these Sikh warriors do same work of Brahmins(learning and preaching Spiritual Wisdom). That's why for him they are above Mishar Ji because where they learn and preach Spiritual wisdom to Mankind(like Brahmins) there they also fight like warriors(Kashatriyas) in battlefield and lay down there lives .

Guru Gobind Singh also announced that he would be fond of giving donations to these Khalsa because only these Sikh warriors values the given donations and use it appropriately for Mankind. He also announced his purpose of taking Human body is to create Khalsa Panth(Under directions of Hukam). When Mishar Ji heard all this, he became angry and when he actually discovered on what Guru ji said, he wept on the fact that people like him have left even deeds of A Brahmin and turned greedy, Ritualistic and lost the Wisdom (Knowledge of Brahm) and these Sikhs who are Brahmin as well as Kashatriyas by deeds are going to replaced them in realm of religion.

Facts

Gurdwara Kapal Mochan Sahib
  • This composition praises Khalsa Army.
  • It was composed in Kapal Mochan after Battle of Bhangani when Guru Gobind Singh was providing robes of honor to his warriors and was address to Mishar, Hindu Scholar. It is also believed that the composition was addressed to Pandit Kesho Dutt, a Hindu scholar, on the conclusion of Yagna at Naina Devi[1] but Yagna is not treated as Sikh ritual due to this claim is highly vague.
  • The second part of this composition is recited among sikhs in Kirtans:
    ਜੁੱਧ ਜਿਤੇ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸੁ ਦਾਨ ਕਰੇ ॥
    ਅਘ ਅਉਘ ਟਰੈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਫੁਨ ਧਾਮ ਭਰੇ ॥
    ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸੁ ਬਿੱਦਿਆ ਲਈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਸਭ ਸ਼ੱਤ੍ਰੁ ਮਰੇ ॥
    ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਕੇ ਸਜੇ ਹਮ ਹੈਂ ਨਹੀ ਮੋਸੋ ਗਰੀਬ ਕਰੋਰ ਪਰੇ ॥੨॥
  • Guru Gobind Singh had given equal status to Khalsa when he say eulogizing the khalsa that it is because of khalsa that he has been what he is.[2]
  • Guru Gobind Singh ji conveyed that if he is willing to donate anything that he will donate to Khalsa rather than Hindu Brahmins because Khalsa Values the given things by using it in preaching Gurmat thoughts, use in charity for poor and needy, give food to hungry and purchase arms for preventing Sikhism and fight against tyranny.
  • This hymn sanctifies the Varna (Hinduism) classification and stresses that Brahmins should also fight like Kshatriya and Kshatriya should also learn and preach wisdom of Almighty and both characters are played by Khalsa. For instance, Pundit Kirpa Ram was brahmin who preached Gurmat thought and also fight and died in Battle of Chamkaur like Kashatriya.

Hymn

Sri Dasam Granth Sahib
(ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ)

Dasam Granth.jpg

Banis
Jaap - Akal Ustat - Bachitar Natak - Chandi Charitar Ukat(i) Bilas - Chandi Charitar 2 - Chandi di Var - Gyan Parbodh - Chobis Avatar - Brahm Avtar - Rudar Avtar - Sabad Patshahi 10 - 33 Swaiyey - Khalsa Mahima - Shastar Nam Mala - Ath Pakhyan Charitar Likhyate - Zafarnama - Hikayats
Other Related Banis
Bhagauti Astotar - Ugardanti - Sri Kaal Chopai - Lakhi Jungle Khalsa - Asfotak Kabits - Sahansar Sukhmana - Vaar Malkauns Ki - Chandd Patshahi 10
History
Historical Sources - Memorials - Anti Dasam
Philosophical aspects
Idol Worship - Pilgrimages - Chandi - Triya - Shastar
Scholar Views
Singh Sabha Lahore - Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha - Professor Sahib Singh - Bhai Veer Singh - Jarnail Singh Bhindrawale -
Critics
Ram Raaiyas of Payal - Teja Singh Bhasod - Gyani Bhag Singh Ambala - Professor Darshan Singh

Punjabi Text

ੴ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਜੀ ਕੀ ਫਤਹ ॥

ਸ੍ਰੀ ਮੁਖਵਾਕ ਪਾਤਿਸ਼ਾਹੀ ੧੦॥
ਸ੍ਵੈਯਾ ॥
ਜੋ ਕਛੁ ਲੇਖ ਲਿਖਿਓ ਬਿਧਨਾ ਸੋਈ ਪਾਈਯਤ ਮਿਸਰ ਜੂ ਸ਼ੋਕ ਨਿਵਾਰੋ ॥
ਮੇਰੋ ਕਛੂ ਅਪਰਾਧ ਨਹੀ ਗਯੋ ਯਾਦ ਤੇ ਭੂਲ ਨਹ ਕੋਪੁ ਚਿਤਾਰੋ ॥
ਬਾਗੋ ਨਿਹਾਲੀ ਪਠੈ ਦੈਹੋ ਆਜੁ ਭਲੇ ਤੁਮ ਕੋ ਨਿਸਚੈ ਜੀਅ ਧਾਰੋ ॥
ਛੱਤ੍ਰੀ ਸਭੈ ਕ੍ਰਿਤ ਬਿੱਪਨ ਕੇ ਇਨਹੂੰ ਪੈ ਕਟਾਛ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਕੈ ਨਿਹਾਰੋ ॥੧॥
ਜੁੱਧ ਜਿਤੇ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸੁ ਦਾਨ ਕਰੇ ॥
ਅਘ ਅਉਘ ਟਰੈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਫੁਨ ਧਾਮ ਭਰੇ ॥
ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸੁ ਬਿੱਦਿਆ ਲਈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਸਭ ਸ਼ੱਤ੍ਰੁ ਮਰੇ ॥
ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਕੇ ਸਜੇ ਹਮ ਹੈਂ ਨਹੀ ਮੋਸੋ ਗਰੀਬ ਕਰੋਰ ਪਰੇ ॥੨॥
ਸੇਵ ਕਰੀ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੀ ਭਾਵਤ ਅਉਰ ਕੀ ਸੇਵ ਸੁਹਾਤ ਨ ਜੀਕੋ ॥
ਦਾਨ ਦਯੋ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੋ ਭਲੋ ਅਰੁ ਆਨ ਕੋ ਦਾਨ ਨ ਲਾਗਤ ਨੀਕੋ ॥
ਆਗੈ ਫਲੈ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੋ ਦਯੋ ਜਗ ਮੈ ਜਸੁ ਅਉਰ ਦਯੋ ਸਭ ਫੀਕੋ ॥
ਮੋ ਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਮੈ ਮਨ ਤੇ ਤਨ ਤੇ ਸਿਰ ਲਉ ਧਨ ਹੈ ਸਭ ਹੀ ਇਨ ਹੀ ਕੋ ॥੩॥
ਦੋਹਰਾ ॥
ਚਟਪਟਾਇ ਚਿਤ ਮੈ ਜਰਯੋ ਤ੍ਰਿਣ ਜਯੋਂ ਕ੍ਰੁੱਧਤ ਹੋਇ ॥
ਖੋਜ ਰੋਜ ਕੇ ਹੇਤ ਲਗ ਦਯੋ ਮਿਸਰ ਜੂ ਰੋਇ ॥੪॥

Hindi Text

ੴ स्री वाहिगुरू जी की फतह ॥

स्री मुखवाक पातिशाही १०॥
स्वैया ॥
जो कछु लेख लिखिओ बिधना सोई पाईयत मिसर जू शोक निवारो ॥
मेरो कछू अपराध नही गयो याद ते भूल नह कोपु चितारो ॥
बागो निहाली पठै दैहो आजु भले तुम को निसचै जीअ धारो ॥
छ्त्री सभै क्रित बि्पन के इनहूं पै कटाछ क्रिपा कै निहारो ॥१॥
जु्ध जिते इन ही के प्रसादि इन ही के प्रसादि सु दान करे ॥
अघ अउघ टरै इन ही के प्रसादि इन ही क्रिपा फुन धाम भरे ॥
इन ही के प्रसादि सु बि्दिआ लई इन ही की क्रिपा सभ श्त्रु मरे ॥
इन ही की क्रिपा के सजे हम हैं नही मोसो गरीब करोर परे ॥२॥
सेव करी इन ही की भावत अउर की सेव सुहात न जीको ॥
दान दयो इन ही को भलो अरु आन को दान न लागत नीको ॥
आगै फलै इन ही को दयो जग मै जसु अउर दयो सभ फीको ॥
मो ग्रहि मै मन ते तन ते सिर लउ धन है सभ ही इन ही को ॥३॥
दोहरा ॥
चटपटाइ चित मै जरयो त्रिण जयों क्रु्धत होइ ॥

खोज रोज के हेत लग दयो मिसर जू रोइ ॥४॥

English Text

The Lord is One and the Victory is of the Lord.
The ultterance from the holy mouth of the Tenth King :
SWAYYA
O Mishr Ji!! (as you say) whatever the providence has recorded, it will surely happen, therefore, forsake your sorrow; there is no fault of mine in this; I had only forgotton (to serve you earlier); do not get enraged on my error; I shall surely cause to send the best dress of Fulkari as religious gift; do not be anxious about that, as these Kshatriyas had been performing the jobs for the Brahmins; now be kind to them, looking towards them....1....
By the kindness of these Brahmin Kashatriyas(Sikhs), I have conquered the wars and also by their kindness, I have bestowed charities; by their kindness the clusters on sins have been destroyed and by their kindness my house is full of wealth and materials;By their kindness, I have received positive education(spiritual education) and by their kindness all my enemies have been destroyed; by their kindness I have taken this form as many humble person like me are present in Sachkhand....2....
I like to serve them and my mind is not pleased to serve others; the charities bestowed on them are really good and the charities given to others do not appear to be nice;The charities given to them will be fruitful in future and the charities given to others in the world are unsavoury in front of donation given to them; in my house, my mind, my body, my wealth and even my head everything belongs to them....3....
DOHRA
Just as the straws while burning in ire are flabbergasted, in the same way, the Brahmin got enraged in his mind and thinking about his means of sustenance, he wept....4....

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References

  1. ^ a b Dr. S.S. Kapoor, Dasam Granth, Hemkunt Press
  2. ^ Page 13, GKaur, Political Ethics of Guru Granth Sahib