Historical Narrations in Zafarnama

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Zafarnama (Gurmukhi: ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰਨਾਮਹ or ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰਨਾਮਾ, Persian: ظٝرنام۝) means the "Declaration of Victory" and is the name given to the letter sent by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to the Emperor of India, Aurangzeb. The letter is written in exquisite Persian verse. In this letter, Guru Ji reminds Aurangzeb how he and his henchmen had broken their oaths taken on the holy Koran. Hikayats were included in Zafarnama, but general view is first part is Zafarnama i.e upto first hikayat.

The article contained historical proofs in Zafarnama related to Guru Gobind SIngh's own personality and historical events happened with him, explaining the Religious Strategy, War Strategy and Ruling strategy. Following are some Historical Points which GUru Sahib have picked in Zafarnama:

Historical Events

  • Battle of Chamkaur:

Guru Gobind Singh mentioned the unequal war of the world, i.e battle of Chamkaur, where 40 peoploe were inside a fortess and many armymen seized the fort, and whosoever entered in fort was killed. There guru sahib played nice strategy, though he escaped from fortess, so the motive of mughal fauj came to an end. He though lost his two sons and many sikhs, in it and three of them escaped from fort.

  • Death of Sons:

Zafarnama mentioned that due to Aurangzeb his four sons was killed as he was a blind king ever he had seen. He haven't gone in depth of situation and conditions and give order blindly. Guru's elder sons were killed in Chamkaur battle and younger one killed at Sirhind, by Wajid khan, one of official of Aurangzeb.

ਚਿਹਾ ਸ਼੝ਦ ਕਿ ਚੂੰ ਬੱਚਗਾਂ ਕ੝ਸ਼ਤਹ ਚਾਰ ॥

What happened that you have killed four children (my sons), ਕਿ ਬਾਕੀ ਬਮਾਂਦਸਤ ਪੇਚੀਦਹ ਮਾਰ ॥੭੮॥

the coiled snake (in the form of my Khalsa) still remains (to confront you).
  • Letter of Aurangzeb:

Zafarnama clearly mentions that Aurangzeb have written a letter to Guru Gobind Singh, when he was at Anandpur. in which he took oath of quran.


  • Aurangzeb's Breach of Oath
  • Poor Administration of Aurangzeb:

ਨ ਕਤਰਹ ਮਰਾ ਝਤਬਾਰੇ ਬਰੋਸਤ ॥
ਕਿ ਬਖ਼ਸ਼ੀਉ ਦੀਵਾਂ ਹਮਹ ਕਿਜ਼ਬਗੋਸਤ ॥੧੪॥ I don’t have trust in you even equivalent to a drop (of water). Your army general and advisor (who came to me with your oaths on Koran) were all telling lies.

  • Guru's against Hill Rulers:

ਮਨਮ ਕ੝ਸ਼ਤਹਅਮ ਕੋਹਿਯਾਂ ਪ੝ਰਫਿਤਨ ॥
I am also the annihilator of the hill rajas, the idol worshippers.
ਕਿ ਆਂ ਬ੝ਤ ਪਰਸਤੰਦ੝ ਮਨ ਬ੝ਤਸ਼ਿਕਨ ॥੯੫॥
They are idol worshipers and I am the idol breaker.

Guru Sahib, where wrote Chandi Ki vaar, to degrade their false worship and wrote about true Chandi, in Gurmat Style. This also pinched Hill rulers. So they provoked central government against Guru Gobind Singh. They all were fraudsters. Where Guru Sahib was against strategy of Hill Rulers(ditchers) there he was against the religious philosphy they were following. i.e Idol Worshipping. In His Granth, Dasam granth he wrote many points against Idol Worship.

Guru Gobind Singh's Personality

Dharam Niti/Yudh Niti/Raaj Niti

  1. Guru's War Strategy
  2. Guru's Religious Strategy
  3. Guru's Ruling Strategy

article(coming soon)