Gurmukhi alphabet: Difference between revisions

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{{Gurmukhi letter modifiers}}
{{Gurmukhi letter modifiers}}


==See also==


==See Also==
* [[Learn Gurmukhi]]
 
* [[Gurmukhi]]
* [[Gurmukhi]]
* [[Painti Akhri]]
* [[Gurmukhi Script]]
* [[Gurmukhi Script]]
* [[Gurmukhi Pronunciation]]
* [[Gurmukhi Pronunciation]]
Line 29: Line 30:
* [[Gurmukhi Text]]
* [[Gurmukhi Text]]
* [[Words in the Guru Granth Sahib]]
* [[Words in the Guru Granth Sahib]]
* [[List of Punjabi computing resources]]
===Banis in Gurmukhi===
* [[Japji Sahib in Gurmukhi]]
* [[Jaap Sahib in Gurmukhi]]
* [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji| SGGS page by page]] (pending)
===Setting up Gurmukhi facility on your Computer===
* [[SikhiWiki:Using Punjabi on SikhiWiki|Using Punjabi on SikhiWiki]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Enabling_complex_text_support_for_Indic_scripts Enabling complex text]
* [[Gurmukhi keyboard layout]]
==External Links==
* [http://www.orkut.co.in/Community.aspx?cmm=54250402 To join Gurmukhi Language community, please click here ]
===Learning Tools===
* [http://www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org/animated_stories.html Learn Gurmukhi and Panjabi for advanced learning centre of Panjabi University patiala site ]
* [http://www.rajkaregakhalsa.net/punjabi.htm Learn Gurmukhi lessons from letters to sentences to Shabads - Sound and Graphics]
* [http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/ Free online Diaspora Punjabi (Gurmukhi) lessons]
* [http://www.punjabonline.com/servlet/library.language?Action=Main Learn Gurmukhi - Sound and Graphics]
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/gurmuki.htm omniglot.com]
===Unicode Gurmukhi===
* [http://guca.sourceforge.net/ Punjabi Computing Resource Centre web site]
* [http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/gurmukhi.html Test for Unicode support in Web browsers]
* [http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr24/charts/ScriptChart35.html Unicode script chart]


==References==
===Conversion tool===
 
* [http://punjabi.aglsoft.com/punjabi/converter/?show=text Punjabi Font Converter] This is an online utility which will allow the conversion of ASCII based Gurmukhi characters to Unicode. So for example the phrase : siqgur pRswid will be converted to ਸਤਿਗ੝ਰ ਪ੝ਰਸਾਦਿ
 
* [http://guca.sourceforge.net/applications/guca/ Application to convert ASCII encoded, font-based Gurmukhi text (usually Punjabi/Panjabi) into Unicode.]
 
===Dictionary & Translation tools===
 
{{Template:Dictionary & Translation tools}}
 
===History of Script===
 
* [http://ancientscripts.com/sa_ws.html Ancient scripts] [http://ancientscripts.com/landa.html Landa script]
* [http://www.ukindia.com/zalph.htm Indian alphabet comparison page]
* [http://www.koausa.org/Languages/Sharda.html Sharda script]
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/brahmi.htm Brahmi script] [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sharda.htm Sharda script]
* [http://punjabiworld.com/news/Creative-Punjab/gurmukhi.html History of Landa and Gurmukhi Script]


* 1. Grierson, G.A., Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. & Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972.
==Typing==
* [http://kaulonline.com/uninagari/gurumukhi/ The no frills Indic typewriter]


===Translation tools===
* [http://www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org/ Dr. G. S. Lehal's site with translation tools]


==References==


*1. Singh , G.B., Gurmukh] Lipi da Janarn te Vikds. Chandigarh, 1972
*2. Teja Singh, Sahit Darshan. Paliala, 1951
*3. Bedi, Tarlochan Singh , Punjabi Vaiiak da Alochnatmak Adhyan. Delhi, n.d.
*4. Arun, V.B., Panjabi Bhasha da ftihds. Ludhiana, 1956
*5. Bedi, Kala Singh, Panjabi Bhashn da Vikds. Delhi, 1971
*6. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar, ed., The Cultural IIni/nge of India. Calculla, 1978
*7. Grierson, G.A., Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. & Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972.
*8. Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. &
*9. Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972.


[[category:Arts and Artists]]
[[category:Art and Artists]]
[[Category:Gurmukhi]]
[[Category:Gurmukhi]]

Latest revision as of 14:07, 8 February 2019

Punjabi alphabet is known as Gurmukhi. Gurmukhi is a script. Since its characters were used for writing and transcribing the biography and hymns of Guru Nanak, it was given this name by the second Sikh Guru, Guru Angad Dev. It is a misnomer to call the Guru as the inventor of its characters, because before the advent of Guru Nanak, their usage had been prevalent according to in a tablet found at Athur in Ludhiana district. Even Guru Nanak himself based one of his poems entitled 'patti' on its characters.

This Alphabet is also called 'Paintis Akhri' because it contains thirty-five letters. The first three characters Ura, Aim and Iri are vowels. Sassa is sibilant, Haha is aspirate. There are twenty-five mutes, which include five Gutturals: kakka, Khakkha, gagga, ghaggha and ngannga, five Palatals: chachcha, chhachchha, jajja, jhajjha and nyanya, five Cerebrals: tainka, thattha, dadda, chaddha and nana, five Dentals: tatta, thattha, dadda, dhaddha and nanna and five Labials: pappa, phappha, babba, bhabbha and mamma.

The last five letters are consonants like mutes, but they are also called semi-vowels. They are: yayya, rara, lalla, wawa and rara. The vowels, that is, the first three letters are made to represent ten vowel sounds with the aid of additional signs, which are known as laghan matran. These are the short a inherent in each consonant, aa, i, ee, u, oo, ey, ai, o and au. These laghan matran are: mukta, kanna, siari, biari, uankar, dulainkare, lan, dulaian, hora and kanaura respectively. When used with consonants, these signs represent the three vowels. There are three additional signs, viz., tippi, bindi and adhik.

Tippi is a nasal sound and is joined with mukta, siari, uankar and dulainkare. Bindi is also nasal and is joined with kanna, biari, lan, dulaian, hora and kanaura. Adhik is placed between two letters, indicating the reduplication of the second. The sha sound of Sanskrit and Persian are represented by putting a dot under khakkha, gagga, jajja and phappha respectively. Compound letters are avoided in Gurmukhi, with the exception of haha and rara, which are joined with consonants at their foot with the signs.

Gurmukhi script is an evolute from the old Brahmi script like Devanagari and other scripts of the area like Sharda, Takri, Mahajani etc. Gurmukhi characters are even older than Devanagari.

Paanti

1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
ਸ਼ ਖ਼ ਗ਼ ਜ਼ ਫ਼ ਲ਼
੧੦ ੧੧ ੧੨ ੧੩ ੧੪
ਿ

See also

Banis in Gurmukhi

Setting up Gurmukhi facility on your Computer

External Links

Learning Tools

Unicode Gurmukhi

Conversion tool

  • Punjabi Font Converter This is an online utility which will allow the conversion of ASCII based Gurmukhi characters to Unicode. So for example the phrase : siqgur pRswid will be converted to ਸਤਿਗ੝ਰ ਪ੝ਰਸਾਦਿ

Dictionary & Translation tools


Downloadable

More resources

History of Script

Typing

Translation tools

References

  • 1. Singh , G.B., Gurmukh] Lipi da Janarn te Vikds. Chandigarh, 1972
  • 2. Teja Singh, Sahit Darshan. Paliala, 1951
  • 3. Bedi, Tarlochan Singh , Punjabi Vaiiak da Alochnatmak Adhyan. Delhi, n.d.
  • 4. Arun, V.B., Panjabi Bhasha da ftihds. Ludhiana, 1956
  • 5. Bedi, Kala Singh, Panjabi Bhashn da Vikds. Delhi, 1971
  • 6. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar, ed., The Cultural IIni/nge of India. Calculla, 1978
  • 7. Grierson, G.A., Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. & Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972.
  • 8. Linguistic Survey of India,Vol IX, Part I, Delhi, 1968. &
  • 9. Singh, G.B., Gurmukhi Lippi da Janam te Vikas, Chandigarh, 1972.