Baba Makhan Shah Labana

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Baba Makhan Shah Labana
(approx 1619 - 1674)

Makhanlubana.jpg

Name: Makhan Shah Labana
Native: 23, Had, 1619, Kathiawad, Gujrat
Parents: Father:Hardev Ji(Desu Ji)
Mother:
Spouse Bibi Sital Devi(Suljai)
Siblings: Lal Das
Death: 1674, Vill. Raja Harpal, Sialkot

Makhan Shah Labana (Punjabi: ਮੱਖਣ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਲਬਾਣਾ, Makkhaṇa Śĝha Labĝṇĝ}, also written as Lobana (b. July 7, 1619 (*see below)) was a devout Sikh and a rich trader from Tanda district Jhelum (now in Pakistan). He is called "The discoverer of the ninth Nanak" for his famous act of finding the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur in Bakala, India in around 1665. The Sakhi (true story) of that discovery was recorded in "Janamsakhis" and has been told as stories among the Sikhs for many generations. Makhan Shah Labana, was a Gursikh who played an important part in Sikh history. He was a person who displayed trust and confidence in the Guru, was patient, intelligent and had a deep belief in God.

Birth

There is confusion among historians about the birth of Makhan Shah Labana. In some records, it is said that Baba ji's birth was on 23 Harh 1676 bikrami, which translates to 1619. Labana Itihas (historical records) of Giani Gurnam Singh says the birth was in 1703 bikrami which translates to 1647. But according to their siblings, the former date is said to be correct.

Like his date of birth, there is also much confusion about his place of birth. It was said that he belongs to place called "Tanda". But there are many seprate places in india with name tanda for eg. in Rajasthan Mansoora tanda, in Madhya Pardesh Khed Tanda, Basti tanda, Sankarpura Tanda, Chikvadi Tanda, in maharashtra Naka Tanda. In Karnatka Anapur Tanda, In Andhra Yera Goda Tanda. In Punjab many villages situated with name tanda, In Kashmr Village Tanda Lubana in muzafrabad.

Some historians say that he was born at Tanda in Jammu and Kashmir. "Twarikh Guru Khalsa" of Gian Gingh says that Baba ji was born at Tanda in Muzzafrabad. This is linked to the visit by Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru in 1626. But Colonel Gurbachan Singh in his book Makhan Shah Labana proved that wrong and after much searching, discovered that there was no village called Tanda in Muzaffranagar.

Most scholars, like Sukha Singh, Macauliffe and G.S Chabbra, say that Baba Makhan Shah was a native of Kathiawad, Gujrat, India. Even today, there are many Labanas living in Kathiawad. They call themselves Lohana. The word "Labana" is also derived from "Lohana". Businessmen and trader of the region are of the opinion that Baba ji was born in Kathiawad, Gujrat.

Early Life

He got his basic education from Vijaynagar. He was an intelligent, faithful and good humanitarian. He was a master in Sanskrit language and also learned many foreign languages including Portuguese and English picked up during his travels as a trader. He learned all of his techniques of business and trading from his father. He was not good in Punjabi. Lubanki was his mother tongue and that is why when he found Guru Tegh Bahadur he shouted GURU LADHO RAE("Found the Guru" in Lubanki.)

Marriage

When he was young he was married with Bibi Sital Devi (Suljai) who was the daughter of Naik Puroshotam Das. She was from the Sandlas caste who are Naik Rajputs. They got married with Rajput creed, custom and ways. Her wife helped a lot in his business.

Baba Makhan Shah Labana A Masand?

Scholars like Teja Singh, Ganda Singh and Sewa Dass say that he was a Masand of that area(Kathiawaad) which seems to be right because after completion of ardaas and work, he started moving towards delhi with his whole family and followers, to thank guru. Kiratpur sahib was the living place of Guru Har Krishan sahib but because of some urgency he had gone to delhi. From kiratpur to delhi their was not a fixed programme of guru g which really was surprise and not in knowledge in common sikh, but it seems like Baba makhan shah knew about this program of Guru Har Krishan.

Instead of moving towards kiratpur sahb, he moved to delhi which shows that he knew recent information about Guru ghar and this type of information not known to common but to special one. So this theory makes him special to guru ghar and Masands were the nearer personalities to gurus.

But there is no evidence to support this. Also it is thought that a trader could not do two jobs (ie: trading and preaching) at the same time as it is recognised that he had to travel frequently in connection with his work.

Finding Guru Tegh Bahadur

Italian stained glass depicting this Sakhi at the Makhan Shah Lobana Centre in Chandigarh, thanks to a talented local artist, Ms Ravi Chawla

As already discussed, Makhan Shah Lubana (also written as Lobana) was a devout Sikh and a rich trader from Tanda district Jhelum (now in Pakistan) who used to bring valuable merchandise by sea from far away lands and sell it wholesale in parts of Gujarat and Punjab in India.

Once, while he was returning home with his ship carrying valuable goods over the vast seas, his ship got caught up in a furious storm. At first he did not think anything of the storms as these were quite common in that area. But soon, the waves were coming over the deck of the ship. The gale was blowing full force. The ship creaked as it was tossed about. Makhan Shah's return trip was becoming a nightmare. He was sailing, fully loaded with his valuable trade goods northwards, up the coast of India towards the Gulf of Khambhat.

It was the worst weather he'd ever encountered. He was on deck at the helm and the situation seemed near to hopeless. The wheel had been tied fast, so the rudder would steer a straight course, something that seemed nearly futile and impossible, yet absolutely necessary if he was not to lose this ship. The fury of the storm mounted. A large wave broke over the deck, and the ship rolled dangerously in the choppy sea.

Anything that wasn't fastened down was tossed about. Another larger wave broke, washing fully over him. He nearly lost his footing. The force of it tore at his dastaar, flinging it loose. Drenched with seawater, it hung heavily flapping wildly about. He unwound it, with hands clumsy from the cold, removing and lashing himself to the helm with it, just as another wave broke over him, knocking him off his feet, threatening to drag him overboard, as he fell, stumbling, to his knees. Groping about, he found the wheel again, and clung to it, gripping it tightly, his knuckles scraped and bleeding from his fall.

Picture Depicts Ship in stromy sea

His joora had come down completely. His long wet Kesh was blowing about like heavy ropes in the gale force winds, blinding him. Raindrops were pelting his face like tiny needles, and salt spray was stinging his eyes. The sky was black with clouds. No guiding star, nor any point of light, was visible at all. Wave after wave washed over the craft, beating and hammering it relentlessly. It rolled wildly, creaking and groaning as though it would split at the seams. A box broke loose from where it had been secured on deck and was washed over board. The crew's frightened voices, calling to each other, could be heard above the howling winds, as they struggled to lower the sails.

Lightening struck, lighting up the dark sky with flash, and crash of thunder, when suddenly the mainsail split with an unearthly rant. The force of it nearly snapped the mast. The ship dropped sharply from the impact, then shot up again, bobbing crazily. The bonds, holding fast the wheel at the helm, broke loose from the stress of the violent motion. The wheel began turning freely with the rudder, as the craft was dashed wildly about in the churning sea. Makhan Shah was taking a beating tied to it, he surely couldn't take much more. His chest and shoulders were bruised and aching, yet without being bound there, he would already have been washed over, and drowned in the black, raging sea. Fearful, the tiny ship was buffeted about mercilessly in the vast, huge, angry, ocean.

Large, dark, menacing rocks loomed perilously close, along the jagged coastline. Threateningly, like teeth in the cavernous jaw, of the horrible witch maya, which eats up the world, they waited hungrily, to break and smash the ship to bits. Wave after wave broke, washing over the boat. Each enormous swell seemed like a giant mouth about to swallow the sinking ship into its dark unforgiving depths forever. Another wave broke over the deck, tearing his clothing away, leaving him clad only in tatters. The sails were hanging in shreds. The crippled ship was taking on water. The end seemed inevitable. Salty tears sprang to his eyes, spilling, mingling, with the salty water of the sea, pouring over his face, filling his nose and mouth.

Picture shows stromy sea at the time of Baba Makhan Shah Labana

His options were now limited. Finally, he decided his time had come to remember his Guru and ask for his help. Completely powerless now, he knelt down, and said his Ardas (prayer) to God and Guru Nanak for safety. "Baba jee", he prayed desperately, "Please save my ship and my men... I pledge the 500 gold mohars tied to the belt at my waist, which without your help will soon be at the bottom of the sea. Please accept this as my humble offering. He then recited this Shabad of Guru Arjan Dev:

ਆਸਾ ਮਹਲਾ ੫ ॥ aasaa mehlaa 5. Aasaa, Fifth Mehl: SGGS Page 403
ਅਪ੝ਨੇ ਸੇਵਕ ਕੀ ਆਪੇ ਰਾਖੈ ਆਪੇ ਨਾਮ੝ ਜਪਾਵੈ ॥ ਜਹ ਜਹ ਕਾਜ ਕਿਰਤਿ ਸੇਵਕ ਕੀ ਤਹਾ ਤਹਾ ਉਠਿ ਧਾਵੈ ॥੧॥ ਸੇਵਕ ਕਉ ਨਿਕਟੀ ਹੋਇ ਦਿਖਾਵੈ ॥ ਜੋ ਜੋ ਕਹੈ ਠਾਕ੝ਰ ਪਹਿ ਸੇਵਕ੝ ਤਤਕਾਲ ਹੋਇ ਆਵੈ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
apunay sayvak kee aapay raakhai aapay naam japaavai. jah jah kaaj kirat sayvak kee tahaa tahaa uth Dhaavai. ((1)) sayvak kao niktee hoay dikhaavai. jo jo kahai thaakur peh sayvak tatkaal ho-ay aavai. ((1)) Rahaao.
He Himself preserves His servants; He causes them to chant His Name. Wherever the business and affairs of His servants are, there the Lord hurries to be. ((1)) The Lord appears near at hand to His servant. Whatever the servant asks of his Lord and Master, immediately comes to pass. ((1)(Pause))

Miraculously the winds started to die down, and the wild seas calmed. Safely secure, in the very centre of the storm, the ship was carried past the dangerous rocks, and guided without further harm, through the treacherous waters, into the nearest harbour, the Port of Surat. The men collapsed in relief. After recovering his strength and attending to his family and work duties, he made his way to Punjab. His only mission now was to fulfil his vow and present himself to his Guru and present the 500 Mohars to the Guru's charity.

Makhanlubana.jpg

Hearing of Guru Harkrishan's prophecy that the next Guru would be found in Bakala, that is where he went. But on reaching Bakala he found several imposters, each posing as Guru 'Baba Bakala'. He decided to offer only two Dinars to every one posing to be Guru Harkrishan's successor. The true Guru would himself demand the exact amount he had vowed to give. According to him it would not be possible for the false and imposters to define the exact purpose of his visit. Thereby their ignorance, lack of spiritual insight and character would be exposed.

As expected ,none of the imposters could recognise him. But he was left with a problem; if none of these men were the Guru then were is the rightful Guru? Then he heard of a solitarian in the area. His name was Tegh Bahadur and he was the son of Guru Hargobind. So Makhan Shah went to see this man, and when he placed two Dinars before Tegh Bahadur, the great sage at once remarked "God bless you, my man, why only two Dinars after pledging five hundred? The Guru is never in need of any thing, but a Sikh is expected to keep his pledge to the Guru." Thus the issue was clinched and the real Guru was discovered by Makhan Shah.

In amazement Makhan Shah proclaimed that he would inform everyone upon discovering the True Guru. Guru Teg Bahadur was still desiring to meditate in solitude and told Makhan Shah not to tell anyone. The Guru tried to discourage him by saying his face would be blackened if he did so. (this is a statement meaning you will be dishonored). Makhan Shah took this as a challenge instead of a curse and put ash on his face and climbed to the roof top to announce to all that he had found the Guru shouting GURU LADHO RAE to one and all.

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