https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php?title=Ahmad_Sirhindi&feed=atom&action=historyAhmad Sirhindi - Revision history2024-03-28T15:22:38ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php?title=Ahmad_Sirhindi&diff=112959&oldid=prevJJingh156: Changing "Aurangzeb" to "Jahangir"2016-06-08T06:21:56Z<p>Changing "Aurangzeb" to "Jahangir"</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, the most prominent figure of the Naqshbandi order in [[India]], has been given the honorific title of Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Siani, the renewer of the second millennium (of Islamic era). The collection of his letters entitled Maktubat-i-Imam-i-Rabbani (literally "epistles of the divine prelate") has been hailed as a landmark in the development of Muslim religious thought in India. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, the most prominent figure of the Naqshbandi order in [[India]], has been given the honorific title of Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Siani, the renewer of the second millennium (of Islamic era). The collection of his letters entitled Maktubat-i-Imam-i-Rabbani (literally "epistles of the divine prelate") has been hailed as a landmark in the development of Muslim religious thought in India. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>His works and interpretations had a deep influence on Emperor <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Aurangzib </del>and his State policy. One who derived the most satisfaction from the execution of Guru Arjan under Emperor Jahangir`s orders in 1606 was Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi. In his letter as quoted at No. 193, in his Maktubat, he gave expression to his sense of jubilation over "the execution of the accursed kafir of Goindval." </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>His works and interpretations had a deep influence on Emperor <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Jahangir </ins>and his State policy. One who derived the most satisfaction from the execution of Guru Arjan under Emperor Jahangir`s orders in 1606 was Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi. In his letter as quoted at No. 193, in his Maktubat, he gave expression to his sense of jubilation over "the execution of the accursed kafir of Goindval." </div></td></tr>
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</table>JJingh156https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php?title=Ahmad_Sirhindi&diff=93124&oldid=prevHari singh at 00:51, 11 October 20102010-10-11T00:51:04Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:51, 10 October 2010</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''SHAIKH AHMAD''' (1564-1624), celebrated Muslim thinker and theologian of the Naqshbandi Sufi order, was born on 26 May 1564 at Sirhind in present day Patiala district of the Punjab. He received his early education at the hands of his father. Shaikh `Abd al-Ahad, and later studied at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Siaiko</del>, now in Pakistan. About the year AD 1599, he met Khwaja Muhammad al-Baki bi-Allah, who initiated him into the Naqshbandi order. Shaikh Ahmad soon became a leading figure in that school and wrote numerous letters and treatises on many fine points of the Sufi doctrine such as the concepts of prophecy {nubuwwah) and sainthood (walayah) and the relationship between shari`ah, i.e. religious law, and tariqah, the mystic path. He disapproved of Emperor Akbar`s liberal approach to religion and wanted the rulers to reimpose Jizyah, a special poll tax on Hindus, not only to suppress them but also to humiliate them. Basic to his philosophy was the idea that the State should be controlled by shari`ah, the Islamic law, which was not to be modified to suit changing circumstances. He was also against the pantheistic and liberal views of other Sufi sects. He thus antagonized not only the Hindus but also an influential section of the Muslims. Emperor Jahangir, in order to placate the public sentiment, imprisoned him in 1619 in the Gwalior Fort. He was, however, released after a year. The next four years Shaikh Ahmad spent at the imperial court. He died on 30 November 1624 at Sirhind where his tomb still stands and attracts pilgrims from all over India and abroad. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, the most prominent figure of the Naqshbandi order in India, has been given the honorific title of Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Siani, the renewer of the second millennium (of Islamic era). The collection of his letters entitled Maktubat-i-Imam-i-Rabbani (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lit. </del>epistles of the divine prelate) has been hailed as a landmark in the development of Muslim religious thought in India. His works and interpretations had a deep influence on Emperor Aurangzib and his State policy. One who derived the most satisfaction from the execution of Guru Arjan under Emperor Jahangir`s orders in 1606 was Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi. In his letter as quoted at No. 193, in his Maktubat, he gave expression to his sense of jubilation over "the execution of the accursed kafir of Goindval." </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''SHAIKH AHMAD''' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(also known as Ahmad Sirhindi)</ins>(1564-1624), celebrated Muslim thinker and theologian of the Naqshbandi Sufi order, was born on 26 May 1564 at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Sirhind<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>in present day Patiala district of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Punjab<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>. He received his early education at the hands of his father. Shaikh `Abd al-Ahad, and later studied at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{w|Sialkot}}</ins>, now in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Pakistan<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About the year AD 1599, he met Khwaja Muhammad al-Baki bi-Allah, who initiated him into the Naqshbandi order. Shaikh Ahmad soon became a leading figure in that school and wrote numerous letters and treatises on many fine points of the Sufi doctrine such as the concepts of prophecy {nubuwwah) and sainthood (walayah) and the relationship between shari`ah, i.e. religious law, and tariqah, the mystic path. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He disapproved of Emperor Akbar`s liberal approach to religion and wanted the rulers to reimpose Jizyah, a special poll tax on Hindus, not only to suppress them but also to humiliate them. Basic to his philosophy was the idea that the State should be controlled by shari`ah, the Islamic law, which was not to be modified to suit changing circumstances. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He was also against the pantheistic and liberal views of other Sufi sects. He thus antagonized not only the Hindus but also an influential section of the Muslims. Emperor Jahangir, in order to placate the public sentiment, imprisoned him in 1619 in the Gwalior Fort. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He was, however, released after a year. The next four years Shaikh Ahmad spent at the imperial court. He died on 30 November 1624 at Sirhind where his tomb still stands and attracts pilgrims from all over India and abroad. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, the most prominent figure of the Naqshbandi order in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>India<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, has been given the honorific title of Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Siani, the renewer of the second millennium (of Islamic era). The collection of his letters entitled Maktubat-i-Imam-i-Rabbani (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">literally "</ins>epistles of the divine prelate<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins>) has been hailed as a landmark in the development of Muslim religious thought in India. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>His works and interpretations had a deep influence on Emperor Aurangzib and his State policy. One who derived the most satisfaction from the execution of Guru Arjan under Emperor Jahangir`s orders in 1606 was Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi. In his letter as quoted at No. 193, in his Maktubat, he gave expression to his sense of jubilation over "the execution of the accursed kafir of Goindval." </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==See also==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Reasons for the martyrdom of Guru Arjan]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{wikipedia}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Refrences==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Refrences==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1. Abbott, Freeland, Islam and Pakistan. New York, 1968</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*</ins>1. Abbott, Freeland, Islam and Pakistan. New York, 1968</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*</ins>2. Friedmann, Yohanan, Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi. Lon-don, 1971</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2. Friedmann, Yohanan, Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi. Lon-don, 1971</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*3. Gupta, Hari Ram, History of the Sikhs, vol. I. Delhi, 1973</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*4. Harbans Singh, The Heritage of the Sikhs. Delhi, 1983 Y. F.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3. Gupta, Hari Ram, History of the Sikhs, vol. I. Delhi, 1973</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4. Harbans Singh, The Heritage of the Sikhs. Delhi, 1983 Y. F.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Mughal}}</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Hari singhhttps://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php?title=Ahmad_Sirhindi&diff=93121&oldid=prevHari singh: moved SHAIKH AHMAD to Ahmad Sirhindi2010-10-11T00:45:28Z<p>moved <a href="/index.php/SHAIKH_AHMAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SHAIKH AHMAD">SHAIKH AHMAD</a> to <a href="/index.php/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a></p>
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</td></tr></table>Hari singhhttps://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php?title=Ahmad_Sirhindi&diff=29531&oldid=prevPaapi: New page: '''SHAIKH AHMAD''' (1564-1624), celebrated Muslim thinker and theologian of the Naqshbandi Sufi order, was born on 26 May 1564 at Sirhind in present day Patiala district of the Punjab. He ...2007-04-26T17:53:31Z<p>New page: '''SHAIKH AHMAD''' (1564-1624), celebrated Muslim thinker and theologian of the Naqshbandi Sufi order, was born on 26 May 1564 at Sirhind in present day Patiala district of the Punjab. He ...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''SHAIKH AHMAD''' (1564-1624), celebrated Muslim thinker and theologian of the Naqshbandi Sufi order, was born on 26 May 1564 at Sirhind in present day Patiala district of the Punjab. He received his early education at the hands of his father. Shaikh `Abd al-Ahad, and later studied at Siaiko, now in Pakistan. About the year AD 1599, he met Khwaja Muhammad al-Baki bi-Allah, who initiated him into the Naqshbandi order. Shaikh Ahmad soon became a leading figure in that school and wrote numerous letters and treatises on many fine points of the Sufi doctrine such as the concepts of prophecy {nubuwwah) and sainthood (walayah) and the relationship between shari`ah, i.e. religious law, and tariqah, the mystic path. He disapproved of Emperor Akbar`s liberal approach to religion and wanted the rulers to reimpose Jizyah, a special poll tax on Hindus, not only to suppress them but also to humiliate them. Basic to his philosophy was the idea that the State should be controlled by shari`ah, the Islamic law, which was not to be modified to suit changing circumstances. He was also against the pantheistic and liberal views of other Sufi sects. He thus antagonized not only the Hindus but also an influential section of the Muslims. Emperor Jahangir, in order to placate the public sentiment, imprisoned him in 1619 in the Gwalior Fort. He was, however, released after a year. The next four years Shaikh Ahmad spent at the imperial court. He died on 30 November 1624 at Sirhind where his tomb still stands and attracts pilgrims from all over India and abroad. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, the most prominent figure of the Naqshbandi order in India, has been given the honorific title of Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Siani, the renewer of the second millennium (of Islamic era). The collection of his letters entitled Maktubat-i-Imam-i-Rabbani (lit. epistles of the divine prelate) has been hailed as a landmark in the development of Muslim religious thought in India. His works and interpretations had a deep influence on Emperor Aurangzib and his State policy. One who derived the most satisfaction from the execution of Guru Arjan under Emperor Jahangir`s orders in 1606 was Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi. In his letter as quoted at No. 193, in his Maktubat, he gave expression to his sense of jubilation over "the execution of the accursed kafir of Goindval." <br />
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==Refrences==<br />
1. Abbott, Freeland, Islam and Pakistan. New York, 1968<br />
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2. Friedmann, Yohanan, Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi. Lon-don, 1971<br />
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3. Gupta, Hari Ram, History of the Sikhs, vol. I. Delhi, 1973<br />
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4. Harbans Singh, The Heritage of the Sikhs. Delhi, 1983 Y. F.</div>Paapi