Three qualities
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Sikh theology and Gurbani informs us that there are 3 aspects or qualities (Guuns) of Maya - Raj Guun, Tamo Guun and Sato Guun. As explained by Bhagat Kabir in the shabad below, Raj guun is illusion connected with energy and activity; Tamo guun relates to darkness and inertia and Sato guun is illusion due to purity and light.
| ਰਜ ਗਣ ਤਮ ਗਣ ਸਤ ਗਣ ਕਹੀਝ ਇਹ ਤੇਰੀ ਸਭ ਮਾਇਆ ॥ ਚਉਥੇ ਪਦ ਕਉ ਜੋ ਨਰ ਚੀਨਹਹੈ ਤਿਨਹਹ ਹੀ ਪਰਮ ਪਦ ਪਾਇਆ ॥੨॥ |
| Raj guṇ ṯam guṇ saṯ guṇ kahī▫ai ih ṯerī sabẖ mĝ▫i▫ĝ. Cẖa▫uthe paḝ ka▫o jo nar cẖīnĥai ṯinĥ hī param paḝ pĝ▫i▫ĝ. (2) |
| Raajas, the quality of energy and activity; Taamas, the quality of darkness and inertia; and Satvas, the quality of purity and light, are all called the creations of Maya, Your illusion. That man who realizes the fourth state - he alone obtains the supreme state.(2) |
| ਰਜ ਤਮ ਸਤ ਕਲ ਤੇਰੀ ਛਾਇਆ ॥ ਜਨਮ ਮਰਣ ਹਉਮੈ ਦਖ ਪਾਇਆ ॥ ਜਿਸ ਨੋ ਕਰਿਪਾ ਕਰੇ ਹਰਿ ਗਰਮਖਿ ਗਣਿ ਚਉਥੈ ਮਕਤਿ ਕਰਾਇਦਾ ॥੧੧॥ |
| Raj ṯam saṯ kal ṯerī cẖẖĝ▫i▫ĝ. Janam maraṇ ha▫umai ḝukẖ pĝ▫i▫ĝ. Jis no kirpĝ kare har gurmukẖ guṇ cẖa▫uthai mukaṯ karĝ▫iḝĝ. (11) |
| Your Power is diffused through the three gunas: raajas, taamas and satva. Through egotism, they suffer the pains of birth and death. Those blessed by His Grace become Gurmukh; they attain the fourth state, and are liberated. (11) |
| ਕਈ ਕੋਟਿ ਰਾਜਸ ਤਾਮਸ ਸਾਤਕ ॥ |
| Ka▫ī kot rĝjas ṯĝmas sĝṯak. |
| Many millions abide in heated activity, slothful darkness and peaceful light. |
